Now you see it, now you don't - this episode is a true trick for the senses as we uncover the hidden wonders of Camouflage! From human ingenuity (?) to animal creativity, misdirection and subterfuge abound in this episode, so keep your eyes peeled, it's not one you'll want to miss!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Disappearing Acts]Stripes painted on ships and planesPainting planes pinkYehudi lights on planeshttps://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol19/tnm_19_171-192.pdfhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1634902/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/552503/the-secret-lives-of-color-by-kassia-st-clair/https://books.google.com/books?id=heS0lbYrpAwC&pg=PA56&dq=yehudi+lights&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHg8TLg6KJAxX5DkQIHUDFHHcQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=yehudi%20lights&f=falsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=DUkl5bH6k6EC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698902002675#:~:text=In%20the%20Purkinje%20shift%2C%20the,versus%20red%20into%20apparent%20motion.[Trivia Question]Color combinations of Bargibant's pygmy seahorseshttps://www.fishbase.se/summary/Hippocampus-bargibantihttps://oceana.org/marine-life/pygmy-seahorse/https://owlcation.com/stem/Camouflage-in-Animals-Pygmy-Seahorses[Fact Off]Trashline orb-weaver spiders that build self-portraits for camouflage https://web.archive.org/web/20160829062900/http://blog.perunature.com:80/2012/12/new-species-of-decoy-spider-likely.htmlhttps://phys.org/news/2012-12-species-spider-fake-decoys.htmlhttps://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/trashline-orbweavershttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article-abstract/10/4/372/2252323Picture examples of stabilimenta: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StabilimentumTricking mice with scent camouflage by adding too much wheat smellhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abe4164https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01127-3https://www.sciencenews.org/article/camouflaging-wheat-smell-pest-control[Ask the Science Couch]Color-changing biology in invertebrates like octopuses vs. vertebrates like chameleonshttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5804272/https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7368https://link.springer.com/article/10.1039/c0pp00199fhttps://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/how-octopuses-and-squids-change-colorhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2936158/Patreon bonus: Non-visual-spectrum camouflage or other senses https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.860137https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2008.0228https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00049-004-0274-4https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.0183[Butt One More Thing]Caterpillars, spiders, and moths that camouflage themselves as bird poophttps://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/citrus/giantswallowtail.htmhttps://nhpbs.org/natureworks/viceroy.htmhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28124-zoologger-a-spider-that-looks-and-smells-like-bird-droppings/https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/bird-dropping-spider/https://boingboing.net/2019/11/14/macrocilix-maia-a-moth-that-e.html

From one to four to none at all, stomachs enjoy a stunning variety across all the creatures who have (or don't have) them. And with our stomachs all happily full of spooky month treats, we thought it was the perfect time to learn all about this weird, wobbly, wonderful organ.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Stomachs ROCK]Bird with over 1% of their total body weight of gastrolithsAquatic animal helps control buoyancy by swallowing silt Animal eats its exoskeleton that stores calcium in stomachhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342792/#bib0037https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6549149_No_gastric_mill_in_sauropod_dinosaurs_New_evidence_from_analysis_of_gastrolith_mass_and_function_in_ostricheshttps://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/2110https://www.jstor.org/stable/4098635https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26818557/[Trivia Question]Mammal species without stomachshttps://www.livescience.com/41661-why-platypus-wont-regain-stomach.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2669https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-the-platypus-and-a-quarter-of-fishes-lost-their-stomachshttps://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/vertebratediversity/monotremes.htmlhttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=A5Rzx7yeh7c[Fact Off]Ghost crabs use their stomach teeth (gastric mills) to growlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1161https://www.science.org/content/article/listen-ghost-crab-frighten-away-enemies-its-stomach-rumbleshttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/11/ghost-crabs-use-teeth-in-stomachs-to-growl-at-predatorsSomeone ate a shrew to study what human digestion does to rodent bones [Ask the Science Couch]Borborygmus and the biology of stomach rumbles  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-your-stomach-gro/https://www.etymonline.com/word/borborygmushttps://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2012.57https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00212.2015Patreon bonus: Stomach and brain communication for hunger/satiety (or other things) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3174087/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555906/https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00448.2003https://www.livescience.com/health/food-diet/does-it-really-take-20-minutes-to-realize-youre-fullhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693111[Butt One More Thing]Florida carpenter ants swallow their own formic acid to help protect their stomachshttps://elifesciences.org/articles/60287https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/491275

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...Alas, our frightful fiends and friends, Spooky Month has nearly run its course - but not until we go out with a bang with our final ghoulish guest, Tom Lum! Join as we dare to tread amongst the creatures who belong to the night...nocturnal animals!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Boys’ Night Out]Male animals float and call out to femaleshttps://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Pseudis_paradoxa%20-%20Paradoxical%20Frog.pdfAnimals in ritualistic sparring matches for several hourshttps://echidnawalkabout.com.au/how-kangaroos-fight/Patrolling perimeter and building up poop pileshttps://www.britannica.com/animal/kiwi-birdhttps://www.livescience.com/57813-kiwi-facts.html[Truth or Fail Express]Hedgehogs inflate like a balloonhttps://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-68833432https://www.livescience.com/59994-balloon-syndrome-hedgehog.htmlBandicoots spin to defend themselves https://crashbandicoot.fandom.com/wiki/Spinhttps://www2.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/native-animals/native-animal-facts/land-mammals/bandicootsTasmanian devils are soothed by musichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducking_the_Devilhttps://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/tasmanian-devilhttps://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/wildlife/2017/08/native-animals-should-be-renamed-with-their-aboriginal-names/Pygmy tarsiers / gremlins rotating their headshttps://www.wired.com/2015/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-tarsier/https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/pin-factsheet-tarsier/[Ask the Science Couch]Vitamin D chemistry and nocturnal animalshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56061/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8538717/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761812/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12899852/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.xhttps://www.mdpi.com/2571-841X/3/1/1 Patreon bonus: Teenage humans sleeping habits shifted towards nighthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2820578/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/07420528.2023.2265480https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-deprivation-an-epidemic.htmlhttps://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/134/3/642/74175/School-Start-Times-for-Adolescentshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084759/[Butt One More Thing]Bats with false butts (but some sort of muscle)https://www.instagram.com/batworldsanctuary/p/DAbKf45RDjW/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_free-tailed_bat_(8006850693).jpg

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...Our next shocking mystery friend to join us is none other than Dylan Marron! Tread the floorboards of Tangents Manor with us in pursuit of the truth behind fortune-telling and future-predicting as we examine Psychics! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Crystal Ball]Weather forecast predictionshttps://www.noaa.gov/stories/6-tools-our-meteorologists-use-to-forecast-weatherhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-you-trust-farmers-almanacs-weather-predictions/Flu shot planninghttps://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/vaccine-selection.htmShort-term volcanic eruption predictionhttps://volcano.si.edu/faq/index.cfm?question=eruptionforecasthttps://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/24650/chapter/6[The Scientific Definition]Spirit trumpethttps://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-SPR-TRUMPET/1https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/spirit-trumpets-dead-speakhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/for-harry-houdini-seances-and-spiritualism-were-just-an-illusion-180978944/The Barnum effecthttp://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Forer_The%20fallacy%20of%20personal%20validation_1949.pdfhttps://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104425651https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00271.xhttps://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-21271-001Table-turninghttps://fisherdigitus.library.utoronto.ca/exhibits/show/psychical-research-collection/tabletalkingandtableturning/tabletalkingandtableturningboohttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-52954-2_6https://www.ria.ie/blog/table-turning-a-victorian-fad/[Ask the Science Couch]Neuroscience or psychology explanations for deja vu https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-005-0677-3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251874/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1053810012000049https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420423/https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/the-psychology-of-deja-vu.htmlhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/deja-vuPatreon bonus: Brain-computer interfaces and using technology to detect thoughtshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3497935/https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/21/8639905/brain-control-robot-arm-paralyzed-quadriplegichttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa5417https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/5/4/23708162/neurotechnology-mind-reading-brain-neuralink-brain-computer-interfacehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-023-01304-9[Butt One More Thing]Scatomancy pseudoscience vs. fecal tests run by gastroenterologistshttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/scatomancer_n_4309974https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000704.htmhttps://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/how-know-your-colon-healthy

There's a chill in the air and a shudder in our bones...it's Spooky Month! Come along with us on a treacherous journey full of mischief, mayhem, and many marvelously mysterious guests! Steady yourself, for who knows what frights lurk around the corner...In our first Spooky Month episode we dare to venture into the cold, dark world of caves. Joining us on our search for hidden knowledge deep within the earth is the estimably terrifying Brennan Lee Mulligan! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Deep Trouble]Optymistychna Cave in UkrainePlura Cave in NorwayVeryovkina Cave in Georgia (the country)https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36097300https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/veryovkina-cave-deepesthttps://mineralseducationcoalition.org/minerals-database/gypsum/https://saltworkconsultants.com/downloads/31.%20Dissolution%202-%20Caves.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/262182704_Fractal_dimensions_of_cave_for_exemplary_gypsum_cave-mazes_of_Western_Ukrainehttps://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/1956/10413?locale-attribute=en https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-97292-3_9 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2499&context=ijs[The Gauntlet]Madagascar cave graveyardArmenia wine caveBosnia & Herzegovina cave barely moving animalDevil’s Hole cave in NevadaCheese storage caves in the U.S.Mexico cave with giant formations[Ask the Science Couch]Science of cave climate in cheese/wine production https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/underground-wine-caves-good/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214289419306088#https://www.mentalfloss.com/posts/missouri-cheese-caves-historyhttps://www.snopes.com/fact-check/us-stockpile-cheese-missouri-caves/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213329116300260Patreon bonus: “Subsurface access points” or caves in non-Earth places like the Moon and Marshttps://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/news/caves-across-solar-systemhttps://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/what-we-do/applications/subsurface-access/https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/lunar-pits-could-shelter-astronauts-reveal-details-of-how-man-in-the-moon-formed/  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02302-y.epdf [Butt One More Thing]Indigenous Caribbean cave art from 1200-1400s, carved from moonmilk or painted using guano compoundshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440317301413?via%3Dihubhttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-05389-8

Get ready for a stomach-turning, heart-pounding, gravity-defying thrill ride as we plummet down, up, and all around the amazing world of roller coasters! We're joined by legendary podcaster, YouTuber, and roller coaster fanatic Tom Scott who wows us with his encyclopedic knowledge of these engineering marvels. So take a deep breath, strap in, and keep all your limbs inside the ride until the episode comes to a complete stop! Oh, and have fun!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: All Downhill from Here]https://www.goldreefcity.co.za/theme-park/rides-and-attractions/tower-of-terror/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170005323/downloads/20170005323.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7663089/https://www.ferrariworldabudhabi.com/en/rides/formula-rossa/worlds-fastest-rollercoasterhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8pJiV44hVMhttps://www.iaapa.org/news/funworld/tmnt-shellraiserhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3281645/https://www.powermotiontech.com/hydraulics/accumulators/article/21883506/want-thrills-go-with-hydraulics[Trivia Question]Annual deaths in roller coaster accidents in the United Stateshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1730261https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-victimshttps://www.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/Data/Info%20Docs/2023%20NEISS%20Coding%20Manual.pdf​​https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/2023-Fireworks-Annual-Report.pdf?VersionId=61twx_Y4c5dkn6MhfDIT7QhGg2T6Gf1qhttps://www.uspa.org/discover/faqs/safety[Fact Off]Riding roller coasters can help reduce perception of breathlessness/dyspneahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005796706001653https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611106003209https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1191/1479972306cd110ra?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmedRiding in the back of Big Thunder Mountain Railroad can help dislodge kidney stones[Ask the Science Couch]Roller coaster stomach drop feeling and the enteric nervous systemhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7495222/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/good-question-why-does-your-stomach-drop-on-a-roller-coaster/https://www.visitkingsisland.com/blog/2020/may/roller-coaster-terminology-101Patreon bonus: Motion sickness and relation to agehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539706/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4906308/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11135238/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6241144/[Butt One More Thing]Dog-fart-themed steel roller coaster in Denmark’s BonBon-Landhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/624229/take-virtual-ride-hundeprutterutchebane-denmarks-infamous-dog-fart-rollercoasterhttps://www.southzealand-mon.com/BonBon-Land

The knowledge of our couch of finely-honed scientific minds didn't pop out of the ground fully-formed - it had to be planted, tended, and grown lovingly over a long period of time to flower into the beautiful curiosity tree it is today. But like so much of life, it started as just a tiny, humble seed - which is super convenient for the topic of this episode!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]https://www.nybg.org/planttalk/what-is-a-seed/https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2020.00027https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/female-gametophytehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/male-gametophyte[This or That: Seed Numbers]25: seed weight or germination time2000: preserved species or oldest germinated seed385 million: individual Amazonian trees or oldest seed-producing fossilized planthttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2012/687832https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/12/chap5.htmhttps://www.seedvault.no/about/the-seeds/https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.1153600https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/708279https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3309767/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1102491https://web.archive.org/web/20130608110356/http://sura.ots.ac.cr/local/florula3/docs/Hura.pdfhttps://www.britannica.com/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you[Trivia Question]2024 record for smallest creature to disperse ingested seeds https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1042977https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.10519https://bantam.earth/common-rough-woodlouse-porcellio-scaber/[Fact Off]HybriBots are a cyborg way to plant seeds, made from wild oats and human-made capsuleshttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202313906  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34506974/Video of wild oat fruits: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlUparIDfzEHuman urine does not protect acorns against predation by the wood mouse[Ask the Science Couch]Heirloom seeds and non-recently-hybridized plant cultivars (vs. hybrids vs. genetic modifications)https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/heirloom-vegetables/https://extension.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/dkk-mg-seed-swap-hybrid-heirloom.pdfhttps://ag.umass.edu/home-lawn-garden/fact-sheets/heirloom-vegetable-varietieshttps://extension.illinois.edu/node/21430https://hles.unl.edu/translating-language-seed-packets-hybrid-heirloom-non-gmo-and-morehttps://www.fda.gov/food/agricultural-biotechnology/gmo-crops-animal-food-and-beyondPatreon bonus: How seeds germinate and seeds that grow better after being digestedhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/4/462https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.00973.xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1433831904700104https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1667[Butt One More Thing]Mysterious tomato plant on the volcanic island Surtsey came from a seed in human poophttps://www.icelandreview.com/news/dirty-secret-uncovered-doing-business-surtsey/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1267/

Here in the remote vistas of the Tangents jungle, observe a group of mighty science communicators expertly stalking their primary prey: knowledge. Ever so tantalizing to behold, knowledge lounges in the shade of a fern, oblivious to the danger sneaking up behind it, ready to strike at a moment's notice! Truly, these must be the most fearsome of all predators!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: Munch Squad]Barnacle and crab-eating animal in North American oceansBird-eating ungulate in captivity Small mammal that ate raptor’s meat meal instead of being eatenhttps://new.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/29-01_Courbis.pdfhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/340941147_Do_lowland_tapirs_Tapirus_terrestris_eat_meat_Evidence_of_carnivory_in_a_large_South_American_herbivorehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10344-015-0980-yhttps://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-the-entomological-society-of-america/volume-105/issue-1/AN11057/Opportunistic-Carnivory-by-Romalea-microptera-Orthoptera-Acrididae/10.1603/AN11057.short[Fact Off]Late-stage bamboo shark embryos have electroreception within their egg case Collaborative hunting gestures in coral reef residents (e.g. groupers or coral trout and moray eels)https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040431https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2781https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(14)00885-9https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/04/24/groupers-use-gestures-to-recruit-morays-for-hunting-team-ups/[Ask the Science Couch]Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pollutants in the food web (including humans)https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/toxic-killer-whaleshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722022549  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212926/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021002671https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-013-1722-xhttps://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters/plastic-micro-plastic-everywhere-what-does-it-do-and-why-should-we-care.htmlPatreon bonus: Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557576/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0944200606000080?via%3Dihubhttps://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2015/12/preserving-soft-skeleton-backs-without-bones/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jfb.14444https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/24/jeb188318/20570/Mechanical-behavior-of-shark-vertebral-centra-at[Butt One More Thing]Coprolites show that Smok wawelski (an archosaur from the Late Triassic) was eating boneshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37540-4https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/838032

For those who want a megadose of Tangents shenanigans, this compilation is for you! In the many seasons of Tangents we've covered lots of interconnected topics, and now you can listen to them back-to-back like the best podcast many-feature ever. This compilation has been handcrafted from premium ingredients, sifted and whisked together with care, and baked to podcast easy listening perfection. Bon Appetite! Original episodes: S1 E5 - Eggs, original airdate: December 11, 2018 S2 E18 - Sugar, original airdate: March 10, 2020 S2 E26 - Salt, original airdate: May 5, 2020 S2 E38 - Milk, original airdate: August 18, 2020 S3 E44 - Yeast, original airdate: January 18, 2022 Sources for each episode can be found in the descriptions of the original episodes. Want more SciShow Tangents? Check out hundreds more episodes of our podcast here: https://scishow-tangents.simplecast.com, or wherever you get your podcasts! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to find great SciShow Tangents merch! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

From our episode on Sweat, here's Ceri's brilliant rendition of "Why Do We Sweat?" This song is a parody of Rusted Root's "Send Me On My Way."Lyrics: Ceri RileyMusic: Joseph "Tuna" Metesh

Some are itchy, some are painful, some go totally unnoticed by us every single day...bugs have such variety in the ways they chomp, some chomps aren't even from bug mouths, but from bug butts! Join us while we debate, query, and learn all we can about the wide world of bug bites.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This, That, or the Other: These Ouches Are No Slouches]https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12103https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/10878/sting-wild[Trivia Question]Size of giant toe-biting water bugs found in Cyprushttps://travaux.pensoft.net/article/94457/https://www.livescience.com/animals/insects/giant-toe-biter-water-bugs-discovered-in-cyprus-for-the-1st-timehttps://blog.abchomeandcommercial.com/do-water-bugs-bite/https://cyprus-mail.com/2024/03/20/massive-bug-sighted-keep-your-toes-out-of-the-water/[Fact Off]Epomis beetle larvae and adults eat frogs as role-reversal predatorshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025161Bumble bees bite plant leaves to make them flower earlyhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aay0496https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bumblebees-bite-plants-to-force-them-to-flower-seriously/https://wisconsinbumblebees.entomology.wisc.edu/about-bumble-bees/life-cycle-and-development/https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/67/17/4925/2197656[Ask the Science Couch]Causes of itchiness and how calamine lotion / zinc oxide workshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862869/https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/how-stop-bug-bites-itchinghttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532860/https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02090/fullhttps://jsstd.org/calamine-lotion/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4120804/Patreon bonus: Bugs with big mandibles or bite marks (even if they rarely bite humans)https://pukaha.org.nz/the-wacky-world-of-new-zealand-weta/https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2995https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/stag-beetles.htmlhttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/217/7/1065/13119/Biomechanical-determinants-of-bite-forcehttps://www.nps.gov/articles/giant-water-bug.htm[Butt One More Thing]Beaded lacewing (Lomamyia latipennis) larvae paralyze termites with farts before eating themhttps://www.wired.com/2015/06/silent-deadly-fatal-farts-immobilize-prey/https://www.nature.com/articles/289506a0

Woo boy! It's hot out there, why don't ya grab a nice glass of ice cold lemonade and listen in on everything you did and didn't want to learn about sweat. Are humans the sweatiest of them all? Do fish sweat? What lives in the ecosystem between two people holding hands for the first time? What is it all even for!??SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! Sources: [Truth or Fail]Sweat sucking spiders supplementing salts Polar bears follow sweaty paw paths in search for loveA new bacteria-infecting cure for extra stinky sweaty feet [Trivia Question]NASA’s ECOSTRESS measures evapotranspiration aka plant sweatinghttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/ecosystem-spaceborne-thermal-radiometer-experiment-on-space-station-ecostresshttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/watching-plants-water-use-is-no-sweat-for-ecostress[Fact Off]Charles Blagden experiments with “super-sauna” that cooked steak but made humans sweathttps://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-and-observations-in-a-heated-room-1774/https://www.jstor.org/stable/106218?seq=1https://royalsociety.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/Antiperspirant made with propylene glycol that evaporates your sweat before it leaves the ducts [Ask the Science Couch]Non-water stuff in eccrine sweat (salt, urea, hormones, etc.)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6773238/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12817713/https://www.penn.museum/sites/bulletin/1733/https://ontarioarchaeology.org/wp-content/uploads/oa048-02_macdonald.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5941775/Patreon bonus: Effects of stress/emotion on sweat composition and smellhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2007.00387.xhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518869/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9246182/[Butt One More Thing]Treating hyperhidrosis in the perianal region with botoxhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8436621/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172190/

This summer's hottest North American bug is without question, the cicada. They've got everything: neon-colored wing veins, bendy-straw-style exoskeletons, an insatiable thirst for tree goo, and after 17 years of napping, they're bursting out of the ground ready to par-tay!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That: Cicadas or the Beatles]https://www.science.org/content/article/secret-cicadas-chirphttps://cicadas.uconn.edu/behavior/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698019Algorithm to measure song changes over timehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/500262https://www.science.org/content/article/computer-charts-evolution-beatlesTest signals in fiber optic cableshttps://entomologytoday.org/2023/12/04/broadband-buzz-periodical-cicadas-chorus-measured-fiber-optic-cables/https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/23/6/3/7425398?login=falseFemale flies responding to songshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932889/https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/cicadas-are-the-barry-white-of-the-insect-world/Eroom’s Law principle related to drug developmenthttps://www.science.org/content/blog-post/eroom-s-lawhttps://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bmb.21617https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eroom%27s_law[Trivia Question]Bird hunting caterpillars on emergence and non-emergence yearshttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adi7426https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/24148209/cicadas-2024-periodical-brood-eat-ecosystem-impact[Fact Off]Brown bears digging up cicada nymphs in Japanese human-planted forestshttps://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/86161https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2020-0222https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.4266https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1036064Cicadas pee in a very mammal-like streamhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-cicadas-power-spray-their-pee/[Ask the Science Couch]Cicada sound production using the tymbal, stridulation, or wing impactshttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4279https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/198/4/1001/6996/The-Role-of-the-Tymbal-in-Cicada-Sound-Productionhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118554https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/151/1/41/5697/Do-Cicadas-Radiate-Sound-through-their-Ear-DrumsPatreon bonus: Periodical cicadas emerge after 13 or 17 (prime numbers) yearshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2406585https://www.livescience.com/14238-southern-cicadas-emerge-exact-prime-number-cycles.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690011/https://cicadas.uconn.edu/[Butt One More Thing]Cicada nymph anal liquid is adhesive and mucus-likehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044523104700686https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2rax3CKoj8

It wouldn't be Pride at Tangents if we weren't getting into some science! We're joined by Owen Ever and Laine Kaplan-Levenson, the hosts of a new show from news outlet Canadaland called "Field Guide to Gay Animals." Our conversation ranged far and wide across a myriad of ways queerness is expressed in the animal world and the challenges and joys of studying it. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Truth or Fail Express]Sequentially hermaphroditic shrimphttps://sites.lsa.umich.edu/eeblog/2020/12/01/sequential-hermaphroditism-or-why-to-be-wary-of-frog-dna/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oceans-rising-acidity-could-impact-shrimps-early-sex-reversal-180972521/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218238https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355179232_Protandric_Transcriptomes_to_Uncover_Parts_of_the_Crustacean_Sex-Differentiation_PuzzleNudibranch with male and female sex organshttps://www.livescience.com/27065-sea-slug-uses-disposable-penis.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3639767/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-018-0562-z?wtSparrows with white or tan stripes and functionally four gendershttps://www.audubon.org/news/the-fascinating-and-complicated-sex-lives-white-throated-sparrowshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7725849/[This or That: Bird or Bug?]Male-male duo that dances together to attract a mate (blue-backed manakin)https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51171525#page/225/mode/1uphttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/18/1/21/209396Male-male pair that takes over a male-female pair’s nest (Japanese termites)https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680968https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216301233Mating-related injuries on both male and female specimens (dragonflies)https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16252041#page/48/mode/1up[Ask the Science Couch]History of sexual diversity in animals documented or not in zoology (e.g. Adelie penguins)https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/195/1/1/6568055https://www.penguinscience.com/reprints/10%20Russell.pdfhttp://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/pdf-77304-13455?filename=Same_sex%20sexual%20behaviour.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Aristotle’s History of Animals mentions female pigeons laying wind-eggs after same-sex sexual behaviorhttps://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/history_anim.6.vi.htmlhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/found-an-egg-with-no-yolk

It's all right there on the tin - this episode is BANANAS. And not just because we have the most guests we've ever had in Tangents history. Not even just because one of them is a super special surprise RETURN friend of the pod. And not even because we check out some flowers that are way more uncomfortable to look at than you think. No, this episode is bananas because we're talking about (you guessed it) bananas!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express]Banana peel pastahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022023325https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/08/220809141224.htmBanana peel perfume adherenthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132323007679https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021229177&origin=inward&txGid=4b400d048de28231cfb5cce2c0ee924aBanana peel water filtrationhttps://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2011/acs-presspac-april-13-2011/banana-peels-get-a-second-life-as-water-purifier.htmlhttps://www.livescience.com/13276-banana-peels-filter-toxic-metals.htmlhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ie101499e[This or That: Yellow or Not Yellow?]Banana fiddler crabhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-020-02899-wImage: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/753425Image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Austruca_mjoebergi_coenobita.jpgBanana galaxies https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15232Nokia 8110 aka the “banana phone” https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/nokia-8110https://www.mobilephonemuseum.com/phone-detail/hmd-global-nokia-8110-4gImage: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110.jpgImage of 4G: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nokia_8110_4G.png[Ask the Science Couch]Commercial banana cultivar genetics and Fusarium wilt or other disease riskshttps://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-abstract/4/1/87/588827https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0154448https://journals.ashs.org/horttech/view/journals/horttech/31/6/article-p838.xmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/11/462375558/our-favorite-banana-may-be-doomed-can-new-varieties-replace-ithttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01670-6[Butt One More Thing]Honey bee alarm pheromones contain the banana flavor isoamyl acetatehttps://www.nature.com/articles/1951018b0https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2653

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is from a bonus, cut-for-time question from our episode on Turtles! You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

It may seem like cloning really only shows up regularly in science fiction, but it turns out, it's been a sneaky, significant real-world process for a super long time! In this episode we learn about cloning found in nature, labs, and...this very podcast??SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail]Crayfish that’s been cloning itself might help us study prion diseaseshttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/05/science/mutant-crayfish-clones-europe.htmlhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/904708Scientists envision a new insect repellant while cloning hemlock treeshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/801445Athlete’s foot fungus rejects sex for cloninghttps://today.duke.edu/2018/02/toenail-fungus-gives-sex-infect-human-hostshttps://academic.oup.com/genetics/article/208/4/1657/6084243https://gizmodo.com/the-fungi-that-cause-athletes-foot-have-given-up-on-sex-1823265768[Trivia Question]First cloned cat, which was named Copy Cathttps://vetmed.tamu.edu/news/press-releases/texas-am-says-goodbye-to-cc-worlds-first-cloned-cat/https://www.npr.org/2020/03/08/813384347/remembering-cc-the-cloned-cat[Fact Off]Electric ant queens and males sexually reproduce but actually like two different clonal speciesA 34-member “twin study” with Amazon molly fish cloneshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1009151https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-43069-6https://phys.org/news/2021-02-defeating-enemy-evolution-clone-fish.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919929/https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/twins-study/about/[Ask the Science Couch]Cross-species cloning and back-breeding as de-extinction strategieshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223960/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157387/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC521203/https://lsspjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2195-7819-10-3https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animalshttps://www.fws.gov/press-release/2021-02/genetic-research-boosts-black-footed-ferret-conservation-efforts[Butt One More Thing]Portuguese man o’ war is a colony of zooid clones, including gastrozooids for digesting (and maybe pooping)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51842-1https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/portuguese-man-o-war.html

Humanity is bound together by so many qualities, and in this episode, we add Being Goopy to the list. What does that have to do with glue? A whole lot, it turns out - cue some ominous foreshadowing....Memento goopy! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Secret Ingredient]Fibers mixed with water to make adhesive https://academic.oup.com/pnasnexus/article/1/1/pgac026/6549457https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194Adhesive inspired by animal proteinhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/945194https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c10936Chinese bricks made with gluey substancehttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/chinese-architecturehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eem2.12143[Trivia Question]Year that the first adhesive stamp Penny Black was mailedhttps://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/how-a-single-postage-stamp-birthed-the-information-agehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-piece-of-mail-sent-using-a-stamp-auction-180983619/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-story-of-the-first-postage-stamp-14931961/[Fact Off]Reversible glue made with caffeic acid exposed to certain UV light wavelengths Blood albumin glue used in plywood and pre-plastic resin objectshttps://extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/FNR-154.pdfhttps://foodeng.wisc.edu/images/publications/2010-9.pdfhttps://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/fluidsengineering/article-abstract/54/11/15/1162589/Blood-Albumin-and-the-Woodworking-Industry?redirectedFrom=PDFhttps://plastiquarian.com/?page_id=14216[Ask the Science Couch]How glue adhesion/cohesion works and why glue (sometimes) doesn’t cure in the bottlehttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01182#https://www.uhu.com/en-en/glue-advice/adhesive-typeshttps://d-lab.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/D-Lab_Learn-It_Adhesives_Jul13.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0143749618300575https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/CT07137[Butt One More Thing]Fibrin glue used to help seal anal fistulashttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12682544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1782483/

No, your eyes and ears don't deceive you - this is, in fact, a super special cross-feed treat from our friends over at Crash Course in the form of the first episode of their brand new show, "Crash Course Pods: The Universe." Hosted by novelist John Green and astrophysicist Dr. Katie Mack, "The Universe" is a podcast about the history of the entire universe, from its explosive beginnings to its mysterious, but inevitable, end. In this first episode Dr. Mack walks John through the Big Bang and the very first micro-moments of the universe, and some of the ways that that ancient event is actually still connected to us, here, today. It's great, we really like it, we're really proud of the Crash Course team, and we thought you guys would also really enjoy the show! So to make it easy, we put the entire first episode right here! The rest of John and Dr. Mack's conversation will cover 11 episodes airing every other week on the Crash Course YouTube channel at youtube.com/crashcourse or wherever you get your podcasts. Give it a listen, and we hope you enjoy!

We do a lot of learning on Tangents, so naturally, we've got questions about what learning looks like...for machines! AI and machine learning science communicator Jordan Harrod (https://www.youtube.com/@jordanharrod) lends her expertise to this episode as we definitely for sure learn all there is to know and will ever need to be known about machine learning, algorithms, and AI. Definitely we got all of it, everyone.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express]Racoon-inspired algorithmhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8552661Dolphin-inspired algorithmPelican-inspired algorithm[Trivia Question]Using machine learning to measure plant vibration and sounds when they experience stress https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00262-3https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/plants-make-noises-when-stressed-study-finds-180981920/[Fact Off]Lenna (an image of a Playboy model) used as the standard for digital image processinghttps://www.404media.co/lena-test-image-ieee-policy/Tricking speech recognition systems with “neural voice camouflage”https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/news/block-smartphone-microphone-speech-recognition-spyinghttps://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/16.pdfhttps://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.07076.pdfhttps://www.vox.com/2018/7/20/17594074/phone-spying-wiretap-microphone-smartphone-northeastern-dave-choffnes-christo-wilson-kara-swisherhttps://gizmodo.com/these-academics-spent-the-last-year-testing-whether-you-1826961188[Ask the Science Couch]AI image generator mistakes (hands, feet, teeth) and how they work (diffusion models)https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/why-ai-generated-hands-are-the-stuff-of-nightmares-explained-by-a-scientisthttps://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/pranavdixit/ai-generated-art-hands-fingers-messed-uphttps://hai.stanford.edu/news/what-dall-e-reveals-about-human-creativityhttps://proceedings.mlr.press/v37/sohl-dickstein15.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Training machine learning models (convolutional neural networks) to classify poop imageshttps://arxiv.org/pdf/1903.10578.pdfhttps://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2022/07000/a_smartphone_application_using_artificial.24.aspxhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33275399/Anal Recognition Paperhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0534-9

Another wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Hygiene and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

Devotees of the testudines rejoice! Whether you have one as a pet, admire them at the zoo, or giggle with the rest of the internet when they rock each other off logs, chances are high, we think, that you like turtles. We like turtles! And conveniently for us, turtle science is also extremely cool, so this was basically an ideal episode to make. Enjoy!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail]Fossilized turtle poop showing green algae feast sitehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/995472https://www.science.org/content/article/sea-turtles-have-3000-year-old-routinesCrushing of fossilized turtle shells shows burial site agehttps://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/26/science/turtle-shells-fossils-paleontology.htmlhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/18/5/1524/616297/Crushed-turtle-shells-Proxies-for-lithificationTurtle fossil was actually a plant fossilhttps://www.livescience.com/animals/120-million-year-old-plants-turn-out-to-be-ultra-rare-fossilized-baby-turtles[Trivia Question]Speed of a sand-digging robot modeled after a turtle hatchlinghttps://today.ucsd.edu/story/bot-inspired-by-baby-turtles-can-swim-under-the-sand-1https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aisy.202200404[Fact Off]Chinese soft-shelled turtles (basically) pee out their mouthshttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/215/21/3723/19178/The-Chinese-soft-shelled-turtle-Pelodiscushttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/10/121011090643.htmhttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aohc/63/2/63_2_181/_articlehttps://theconversation.com/no-overwintering-turtles-dont-breathe-through-their-butts-getting-to-the-bottom-of-a-popular-misconception-224331Microplastics in sand mess with sea turtle sex ratioshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/06/230623210244.htm#:~:text=Warmer%20temperatures%20are%20known%20to,before%20their%20sex%20is%20set.https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/temperature-dependent.html#:~:text=This%20is%20called%20temperature%2Ddependent,the%20hatchlings%20will%20be%20female.[Ask the Science Couch]Turtle communication and vocalizationhttps://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ar.24553https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-14356-3https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-33741-8 https://gizmodo.com/jurassic-parks-dinosaur-sound-effects-were-actually-ani-5994278https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/01/06/turtles-eat-south-america/[Butt One More Thing]Collecting loggerhead sea turtle fecal samples by making them custom swimsuits https://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2015/10/sea-turtles-don-swimsuits-sciencePictures: https://www.flickr.com/photos/37175871@N06/albums/72157659326105212/

A wild teaser appears! This little snippet is the first part of our revisit of Big vs. Small and answering even more questions that we didn't get to in the episode. You can listen to the rest, and also a bunch more bonus content, on our Patreon. It's one of the best ways you can support the show and keep Tangents going and free for everyone. Head over to Patreon.com/scishowtangents and join in all the learning and shenanigans! Thank you so much to all our Patrons - we genuinely would not get to do this without you, and we really like doing this, so it rocks that we can. THANK YOU!

From expressing ourselves through fashion to protecting ourselves from the elements, textiles seem to be self-evidently significant to the human experience. But it's our goal on Tangents to always poke holes in the obvious, tear through distraction, and weave humor with knowledge - and the facts this episode will blow your cotton-poly blend socks off.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! [Truth or Fail Express]Fabric shoe sole tariffhttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/business/economy/columbia-sportswear-trump-trade-war.htmlhttps://www.bbc.com/news/business-45875405https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-is-why-your-converse-sneakers-have-felt-on-the-bottom-6016648/Water-soluble fiber to prove original Finnish textilehttps://www.perniaspopupshop.com/encyclopedia/karnataka/mysore-silkhttps://www.ksicsilk.com/Home/Abouthttps://news.mit.edu/2023/fiber-barcodes-can-make-clothing-labels-that-last-0321Wool Acts: burial shroud requirementshttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/england-wool-burial-shroudshttps://nursingclio.org/2020/05/21/weaving-wool-into-death-burial-in-17th-century-england/https://www.hungerfordvirtualmuseum.co.uk/?view=article&id=961&catid=10[Trivia Question]“Cappers Act” of 1571 in England required males to wear woolen capshttps://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/81552https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/minor-british-institutions-the-flat-cap-1926708.htmlhttps://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O124661/cap/cap-unknown/?print=1[Fact Off]Indigenous Aymara weavers and pediatric cardiologists co-created a medical textile for congenital heart defectshttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2674640https://edhub.ama-assn.org/jn-learning/video-player/16238899https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329454/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3379209/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470160/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cardiac-catheterizationhttps://www.ted.com/talks/franz_freudenthal_a_new_way_to_heal_hearts_without_surgery/transcriptCreating experimental antimicrobial underwear for astronauts or space laundry machineshttps://www.livescience.com/astronauts-shared-underwear-upgrade.htmlhttps://www.cnet.com/science/astronauts-share-spacesuit-underwear-but-keeping-it-clean-is-a-challenge/https://phys.org/news/2021-05-spacesuit-underwear.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2009/07/space_age_underwear_that_can_b.htmlhttps://www.iflscience.com/space-laundry-how-will-astronauts-keep-their-underwear-clean-on-the-moon-70058https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nasa-teams-tide-do-laundry-space-180978067/https://apnews.com/article/laundry-wash-clothes-space-station-nasa-5a7f2795150f7dce81581cfb82cdd1f7[Ask the Science Couch]History of knitting machineshttps://invention.si.edu/knitting-stockings-machinehttp://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/people/frameworkknitters.htmCrochet vs. knit stitcheshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jecATRwHQP8https://akaspar.pages.cba.mit.edu/textiles-recitation/background.htmlCrocheting hyperbolic space modelshttps://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/math-imagery/taiminahttps://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/16/wertheim_henderson_taimina.phphttps://www.theiff.org/oexhibits/oe1e.html[Butt One More Thing]Art project that extracted cellulose from cow manure to make a semi-synthetic fabrichttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014181302300404Xhttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/poop-clothing_n_58e7d6f0e4b058f0a02efa77https://jalilaessaidi.com/cowmanure/While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It may be well-known that hope is the thing with feathers, but how much is known about feathers themselves? Turns out, plenty! From shrub grouses to shuttlecocks and all the pea-babies (diminutive for peacocks, definitely for sure) in between, come soar on the delightfully complex wings of knowledge with us!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail]Dermestid beetles on dino feather in amberhttps://www.science.org/content/article/feathered-dinosaurs-discoveredhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986124https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lice-filled-dinosaur-feathers-found-trapped-100-million-year-old-amber-180973727/https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/dermestid-beetles-feasted-on-dinosaur-feathersBadminton shuttlecock dino-birdie https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dinosaurs-ancient-fossils/liaoning-diorama/a-feathered-tyranthttps://australian.museum/learn/dinosaurs/fact-sheets/dilong-paradoxus/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1030468Roboduck with dino feathershttps://www.audubon.org/news/new-aquatic-dinosaur-find-strange-and-startling-avian-hodgepodgehttps://www.newscientist.com/article/2414147-dinosaurs-evolved-feathers-to-scare-prey-suggests-robot-experiment/https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/02/robo-dinosaur-scares-grasshoppers-to-shed-light-on-why-dinos-evolved-feathers/[Trivia Question]Speed of peacock tail feather shaking to signal interest to mateshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152759https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207247https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/12/peacock-crests-are-vibration-sensors/578656/https://gizmodo.com/the-physics-of-peacock-tail-feathers-is-even-more-dazzl-1772653586[Fact Off]Turning waste chicken feathers into a flavorless, edible meat pastehttps://ourworldindata.org/grapher/animals-slaughtered-for-meat?time=latesthttps://phys.org/news/2017-09-bird-feathers-food.htmlhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9055668&fileOId=9055675https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/lund-team-turns-chicken-feathers-into-food/https://www.rechargenews.com/energy-transition/chicken-feathers-can-help-generate-clean-energy-say-researchers/2-1-1539841?zephr_sso_ott=oZW4DrMale sandgrouse belly feathers soak up water to carry back to their babieshttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2022.0878https://academic.oup.com/condor/article/69/4/323/5229138https://ebird.org/species/namsan1[Ask the Science Couch]Feather growth and development (and altricial vs. precocial baby birds)https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380223/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6917565/[Butt One More Thing]Fright molt: losing tail feathers as an antipredator adaptationhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/17/6/1046/319763

Trash, rubbish, waste, refuse...we have a lot of words for the gunk that goes on the truck, because whether we like it or not, humans make a lot of garbage. Get comfy with some grossness as we root around in garbage's past, present, and future. We're all on a path, you guys!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenGarbage[The Scientific Definition]Neptune ballsLaser broomWishcycling[Trivia Question]Eugene Poubelle garbage can ordinance in Francehttps://www.connexionfrance.com/article/Mag/French-Facts/Dustbins-are-named-after-French-recycling-innovatorhttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poubellehttps://doodles.google/doodle/eugene-poubelles-190th-birthday/[Fact Off]Sulfur-crested cockatoos opening garbage cans because of social learninghttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe7808https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/963482https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01285-4Hermit crabs are using plastic trash as shellshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969723075885https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hermit-crabs-using-trash-as-shells-across-the-world-scientists-find-180983701/[Ask the Science Couch]Waste-to-energy methods: power plants/incineration, gasification, landfill gas, anaerobic digestionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652617317316?via%3Dihubhttps://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/biomass/waste-to-energy-in-depth.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090119500090https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5530419https://www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-information-about-landfill-gashttps://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2804https://www.epa.gov/agstar/how-does-anaerobic-digestion-work[Butt One More Thing]Poop composition of gull flocks that eat garbage from landfillshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541730489X?via%3Dihubhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/558545

Oops, all science this episode! Erstwhile editorial assistant Deboki Chakravarti steps in for erstwhile everyman Sam Schultz as we parse through fundamental puzzles about humanity: what makes us, us, and if it is hormones, does that make us cocktails or cauldrons?SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenHormones[Truth or Fail]https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/trust-hormone-oxytocin-helps-old-muscle-work-new-study-finds[Trivia Question]Hormone-injected Judas goats to kill invasive species in Project Isabellahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092746/https://modernfarmer.com/2013/09/killing-goats-galapagos/[Fact Off]Bones make osteocalcin, which might be a hormone involved in stress reactionshttps://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(19)30441-3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6335246/https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008361https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008714Chrononutrition and breast milk hormones training babies’ circadian rhythms[Ask the Science Couch]Hormones (vs. neurotransmitters) and how they affect emotions Serotoninhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545168/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864293/ Testosteronehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033318213001333?via%3Dihubhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12867 Estrogenhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753111/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210086 Thyroidhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612998/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378512215006064 Puberty in generalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5192018/https://journals.publishing.umich.edu/umurj/article/id/1383/[Butt One More Thing]Golden spiny mice poop hormones show that they've evolved to be nocturnal (even though they can be diurnal)https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023446

It's the long-awaited cheese-stravaganza! And it's every bit as melty, crumbly, stretchy, and stinky as hoped for. We dip into some fetamology, we stretch our nokkeledge of cheese applications, and we unwrap the shocking tartrutho about a cheese we thought we knew!**The real cheese names I butchered into puns: feta, nokkelost, tartuffo. All delicious, go try some!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Scientific Definition]Cornish Yarg’s rindPule animal milkEmmental cheese surroundings[Trivia Question]One of the oldest unopened cans of Cougar Gold cheesehttps://archive.news.wsu.edu/news/2010/08/14/oldest-cougar-gold-cracked-open-still-tasty/https://creamery.wsu.edu/about-us/history/[Fact Off]Using cheese to study the neuroscience of disgust because it’s not dangerous/unethicalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5065955/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/disgusthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4687907/Environmental remediation in Emeryville, CA using cottage cheese whey[Ask the Science Couch]“Addictive” qualities of cheese (contextualizing casomorphin and the endogenous opioid system)https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117959https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/b/bovine-beta-casomorphin-7.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8345738/https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.231rhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10486734/[Butt One More Thing]Cheese mites are pests but also delicacies in Mimolette and Milbenkäsehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030210003644https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10493-016-0040-7https://microbialfoods.org/microbe-guide-cheese-mites/

The question plaguing us this episode is, how dark can it really get? Turns out (according to some), not that dark! Unless you're at the bottom of the ocean or floating in the all too-eerie void of deep space, you're always gonna have some photons hitting your face. (I'm pretty sure I accidentally stole this rhyme right out of Hank's poem, but you'll just have to listen to know for sure...) SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Gauntlet]Next December 23rd winter solsticeSOLAR spacecraft went down Reorientation of sun instrument23.5°S latitude alternate nameTapetum lucidum colorHormone in darknessFamous winter solstice sunlight site[Trivia Question]Last December 23rd winter solsticehttps://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/december-solstice.html[Fact Off]Carrots can help you make rhodopsin but not improve night visionhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-help-you-see-in-the-darkhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/do-carrots-really-help-you-see-in-the-darkhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10484191/https://www.livescience.com/carrots-see-in-the-dark.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fact-or-fiction-carrots-improve-your-vision/Dogs are more likely to steal food disobediently when it’s dark https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-012-0579-6https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130211090840.htmhttps://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/persons/juliane-kaminski/publications/[Butt One More Thing]English words for excrement collectors (gong farmer, night soil men) https://www.oed.com/dictionary/night-soil_n?tab=etymologyhttps://www.oed.com/dictionary/gong-farmer_n?tab=meaning_and_use#992848879https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/when-american-cities-were-full-of-craphttps://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/view/1351/705

In this not-so-chill episode, everybody gets a little unsettled by the concepts around refrigeration. Quantum computers, thermoacoustics, molecular chemistry, elephants, the phantom letter "d" that gets added to the shortening of refrigeration...it's all just. So much.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That: Fridge or Not Fridge]Ballpoint-pen-sized device with twisted nickel-titanium and waterCredit-card-sized device plugged into your phone with lithium bromideTwo large metal balls with ammonia and water[Trivia Question]Frigidaire had an elephant stand on their refrigerator as a strength testhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/75945/15-icy-cool-facts-about-refrigerationhttps://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/cgi-bin/colorado?a=d&d=STP19390511.2.109&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxCO%7ctxTA--------0------[Fact Off]Dilution refrigeration and ultra-cold LEGOshttps://nanoscience.oxinst.com/assets/uploads/NanoScience/Brochures/Principles%20of%20dilution%20refrigeration_Sept15.pdfhttps://twist.phys.virginia.edu/work/Formal_Paper.pdfhttps://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/the-coolest-lego-in-the-universehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55616-7#Fig1https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a30337510/lego-bricks-heat-tolerance-quantum-computer/Thermoacoustic refrigeration and the James Webb Space Telescope[Ask the Science Couch]Freezer smells and dehydration/oxidation affecting food tastehttps://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/science-freezing-foodshttps://extension.psu.edu/understanding-the-process-of-freezinghttps://theconversation.com/heres-why-your-freezer-smells-so-bad-and-what-you-can-do-about-it-203058https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/emergencies/removing-odors-refrigerators-and[Butt One More Thing]USB drive found in volunteer-collected frozen leopard seal poophttps://niwa.co.nz/news/they-were-defrosting-leopard-seal-pooyou-wont-believe-what-happened-nexthttps://www.leopardseals.org/scat-poo-collection/

Do you hear what I hear? Probably not, because in this episode, we're bringing things down several notches to learn about quiet. Does it have a scientific definition? Is it all just relative? Should crickets have podcasts? Join us as we (ok, maybe not so) quietly contemplate quiet.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Larval reef fish bury their heads in the sand to reduce noiseQuieter Bison bulls get more matesDolphins quiet their clicks to ambush each other [Trivia Question]Loudness of lead singer in Billboard Hot 100 from 1946-2020https://pubs.aip.org/asa/jel/article/3/4/043201/2885300/Lead-vocal-level-in-recordings-of-popular-musichttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/986837[Fact Off]Water-based sound suppression systems for rocket launcheshttps://pubs.aip.org/asa/jasa/article/142/4_Supplement/2489/603382/Sixty-years-of-launch-vehicle-acousticshttps://www.nas.nasa.gov/SC15/demos/demo10.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/news-release/space-launch-systems-sound-suppression-system-final-test-at-kennedy/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022460X23003528Small tree crickets use leaves to amplify their chirps[Ask the Science Couch]Quietest period in history of the Earth (of all time & anthropocene)https://www.curtin.edu.au/news/media-release/earths-mid-life-crisis-new-research-backs-lull-geologic-record/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-017-0051-yhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X13000506?via%3Dihubhttps://www.technologyreview.com/2020/07/23/1005574/lockdown-was-the-longest-period-of-quiet-in-human-history/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd2438[Butt One More Thing]Unplanned 9/11 study shows whale poop stress levels associated with ship noise https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/unplanned-911-analysis-links-noise-whale-stress/2012/02/14/gIQAmQnlPR_story.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.2429

Oil: it's a ubiquitous substance humans have been relying on for longer than you might think. We cook with it, we moisturize with it, we run machines with it - it keeps slipping into places we least expect to find it, for good and for ill... SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [The Gauntlet]Original Crisco oil plantCompany that produces CriscoProcess to turn liquid oil into solidFair Packaging and Labeling Act decadeUpton Sinclair bookTwo oils in modern CriscoKream Krisp vs. Crisco[Trivia Question]Value of Spanish extra virgin olive oil stolen in August 2023https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/19/olive-oil-prices-surge-over-100percent-leading-to-cooking-oil-thefts.htmlhttps://www.reuters.com/world/europe/spanish-police-seize-74-tonnes-stolen-olives-amid-soaring-prices-2023-10-06/[Fact Off]Russell Martin Bliss contaminated Times Beach, Missouri with waste oil to stop dustUsing human/animal hair to adsorb oil spillshttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/7/7/52https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343715000330https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/04/980424032349.htmhttps://time.com/6262631/philippines-oil-spill-cleanup-hair/[Ask the Science Couch]Saturated/unsaturated fat chemistry and how they influence bloodstream lipidshttps://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/03%3A_Biological_Macromolecules/3.03%3A_Lipid_Molecules_-_Introduction#https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/how-its-made-cholesterol-production-in-your-bodyhttps://openheart.bmj.com/content/5/2/e000871[Butt One More Thing]Mineral oil used as a lubricant laxativehttps://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/laxative-oral-route/before-using/drg-20070683?p=1https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2804525/

What's that you spy on the horizon, just out of sight? If you have a telescope handy, you can hone your gaze on...more telescopes! From pocket spyglasses to Extremely Large (a real telescope name), join us and special guest Julian Huguet as we set our sights on the far-reaching world of these incredible devices. How we wonder what they are...SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Truth or Fail]Finding llamas with telescope vibrationPredicting weather with telescopes and cloudsTracking bees with LIDAR[Trivia Question]Space Telescope Transporter for Air, Road, and Sea (or STTARS) length https://www.nasa.gov/universe/how-to-ship-the-worlds-largest-space-telescope-5800-miles-across-the-ocean/https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/follow-the-sttars-to-find-nasas-webb-telescope/[Fact Off]Artificial guide stars made from lasers for optical telescopes on Earth https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/811748https://www.llnl.gov/news/guide-star-leads-sharper-astronomical-imageshttps://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aot-2014-0025/htmlhttps://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1953PASP...65..229B&data_type=PDF_HIGHGravitational lensing and turning space itself into a telescope[Ask the Science Couch]The history of radio telescopes (first non-optical telescope)https://massivesci.com/articles/radio-astronomy-sagittarius-karl-jansky/https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2005ASPC..345....3Jhttps://public.nrao.edu/news/silent-as-the-night-why-radio-astronomy-doesnt-listen-to-the-skyhttps://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves/[Butt One More Thing]Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) & Gamma-Ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO)https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...900...35T/abstracthttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-047A

Click here to check out the limited-time-only Tangents t-shirt inspired by this episode! https://store.dftba.com/products/shirt-of-the-month-shrimp-batteryBatteries are all around us, in things we use all the time, and in all different shapes and sizes, so of course we know exactly how they all work, right? Nope! Not even close! The bizarre breadth of our battery banter includes Ben Franklin, tiny computers, and...shrimp? SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]Oxford Electric Bell battery lifespanhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/52147/what%E2%80%99s-world%E2%80%99s-longest-running-science-experimenthttps://archwww.physics.ox.ac.uk/history/Exhibit1.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mystery-continuously-functioning-battery-1840-180954028/https://x.com/UniofOxford/status/1610593348464640001?s=20[Fact Off]Edible battery for sustainability (and maybe child safety)https://academic.oup.com/jimb/article/45/5/313/5996662https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/05/researchers-craft-a-fully-edible-battery/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36919977/https://www.popsci.com/technology/edible-battery-prototype/https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/ear-nose-and-throat/what-to-do-if-your-child-swallows-or-ingests-a-button-battery/#:~:text=Every%20year%2C%20about%202%2C500%20kids,stomach%2C%20it%20can%20be%20fatal.https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/08/31/491947946/how-an-edible-battery-could-power-medical-robots-you-swallowPlatypus electroreception study using batterieshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3945317/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-12-vw-18644-story.htmlhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/56002?typeAccessWorkflow=loginhttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/202/10/1447/8186/Electroreception-in-monotremes[Ask the Science Couch]Grid-scale storage with batterieshttps://www.iea.org/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storagehttps://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/74426.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122001368https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X17304437https://www.science.org/content/article/new-generation-flow-batteries-could-eventually-sustain-grid-powered-sun-and-windhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032113005418?via%3Dihubhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rechargeable-molten-salt-battery-freezes-energy-in-place-for-long-term-storage/[Butt One More Thing]Microbial battery with exoelectrogens and poop waterhttps://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1307327110https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/19/4747532/scientists-use-poop-to-generate-electricity

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!And so we close the ancient, flesh-bound spell book on another Trick or Treat Month... but we're going out on top, baby! Alexis Nikole Nelson has appeared, as if by magic, to lead us into the deep, dark woods and point out all the slimy, sticky, gross stuff on the ground that she says we can eat. I guess I trust her! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That]Round 1 - Blue glowing slimehttps://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/tube-worm-slime-displays-long-lasting-self-powered-glowhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103273/Round 2 - Eating parents’ slimehttps://animalmicrobiome.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42523-023-00243-xhttps://www.wired.co.uk/article/caecilians-limbless-amphibian-skin-feeding-young-cloacahttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101029104603.htmhttps://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pmic.200500591Round 3 - Snottiteshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3246232/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/see-the-ugly-beauty-that-lives-in-a-toxic-caveRound 4 - Mating plughttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/218/9/1410/14572/Size-dependence-in-non-sperm-ejaculate-productionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1005596707591https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1564092/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mrd.22689[Trivia Tiebreaker]Hagfish slime on roadhttps://www.southernfriedscience.com/your-car-has-just-been-crushed-by-hagfish-frequently-asked-questions/[Ask the Science Couch]Slime molds and biocomputershttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/physarum-polycephalumhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55749-9https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755296/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12668-014-0156-3https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23713-slime-mould-could-make-memristors-for-biocomputers/https://techhq.com/2023/04/biocomputers-an-alternative-to-quantum-computing/[Butt One More Thing]Bird nestling fecal sac / mucus membrane https://www.audubon.org/news/what-are-fecal-sacs-bird-diapers-basicallyhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.00353

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!Our yearly cavalcade of terror rolls on with a new Grand Marshall of Terror: podcaster, author, and mad genius Dan Schreiber! And he's here to tell us about the weirdest, creepiest, most otherworldly theories ever devised of! There are lots of science-y ideas out there, and not all of them can be right, after all!  SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]The Classification of Quasithin Groups page numberhttps://www.livescience.com/33628-funny-physics-theorems-names.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/researchers-race-to-rescue-the-enormous-theorem-before-its-giant-proof-vanishes/https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Classification_of_Quasithin_Groups.html?id=KC0ZAQAAIAAJhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20893-prize-awarded-for-largest-mathematical-proof/[Fact Off]Infinite monkey theorem test in a zoohttps://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/PATENTS-IN-AN-ERA-OF-INFINITE-MONKEYS-AND-ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE.pdfhttps://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2013/12/10/249726951/the-infinite-monkey-theorem-comes-to-lifehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3013959.stmhttps://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/may/09/science.artsNostradamus: predictions & jam & benzoic acid[Ask the Science Couch]Theory of mind & false belief testshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629913/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/does-the-chimpanzee-have-a-theory-of-mind/1E96B02CD9850016B7C93BC6D2FEF1D0https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-18540-002https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_91[Butt One More Thing]Freudian developmental theory & the anal stagehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/

Trick or Treat Month returns... and this time it's personal! Join us for another month of spooky themes and special surprise guest apparitions! Try not to get too scared!This year's ghastly Grand Guignol of science and screams begins at the end: the tomb! And we dug up an old friend, Dimension 20's Siobhan Thompson, to guide us deep into the cursed catacombs of knowledge! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Visit HENSONSHAVING.com/TANGENTS to pick the razor for you and use code TANGENTS and you’ll get two years' worth of blades free! A big part of being a human is that you get progressively more gross as the day goes on. Various parts start stinking, hair grows all over your face, you're touching who-knows-what... luckily for all of us, someone a long time ago decided to invent hygiene! Otherwise we'd have to lick ourselves like cats!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition] History of hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542893/ [Trivia Question] Pelagic thresher sharks visit blue-streaked cleaner wrasse stations https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0014755 https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/sharks-rays-and-climate-change-impacts-habitat-prey-distribution-and-health [Fact Off] Bronze Age ivory lice comb with Canaanite language https://jjar.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/jjar/files/jjar2_art4_lachish_p76-119_2022-10-12_01.pdf https://www.sciencefocus.com/news/4000-year-old-head-lice-comb-found-inscribed-with-phrase-using-the-alphabet https://www.sciencenews.org/article/canaanite-comb-lice-israel-alphabet Tampon Task Force & menstrual hygiene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436965/ https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/28788/_9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KYXUQDzSg4o&feature=youtu.be https://srh.bmj.com/content/early/2023/07/03/bmjsrh-2023-201895 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/997629 [Ask the Science Couch] Antiperspirant aluminum compounds - how they work & are they harmful https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i27/Deodorants-Antiperspirants.html https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813027/ https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/features/antiperspirant-facts-safety https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-advertisers-convinced-americans-they-smelled-bad-12552404/ [Butt One More Thing] Mandrills teach their children hygienic behaviors to avoid peri-anal parasites https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.2349 https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/979546

Sam's out this week, but worry not: he found another Sam to replace him! Sam Jones, host of the podcast Tiny Matters that is! Sam and her co-host, our own Deboki Chakravarti, join Ceri and Hank in our first ever team-based episode of Tangents! Two teams enter, one team leaves! What more Tiny Matters? Check out the podcast here: https://www.acs.org/pressroom/tiny-matters.html! And check out Deboki at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki , and Sam at https://twitter.com/samjscienceSciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail Express]Project Gasbuggy https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/22/archives/project-gasbuggy-and-catch85-thats-krypton85-one-of-the-radioactive.htmlhttps://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,899941,00.htmlhttps://books.google.com/books?id=g9QDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22project+gasbuggy%22&pg=PA102#v=onepage&q=%22project%20gasbuggy%22&f=falseOperation Big Itchhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13623699908409460https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/biological/bigitch.pdfOperation North Pole (Project Cirrus)https://www.ge.com/news/reports/cool-science-vonnegut-ge-researchhttps://alachuacounty.us/Depts/epd/EPAC/General%20Electric%20History%20Of%20Project%20Cirrus%20July%201952%20ORIGINAL.pdfBrilliant Pebbleshttps://www.llnl.gov/archives/1980s/brilliant-pebbleshttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/clementine/in-depth/https://highfrontier.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Brilliant-Pebbles-Baucom.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Smallest organisms: ultramicrobacteria and Candidate Phyla Radiationhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9297842/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0026261712040054https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC243725/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsme2/16/2/16_2_67/_articlehttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7372https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/02/27/ultra-small-bacteria/  [Butt One More Thing]Big-bottomed ants (Atta laevigata / hormiga culona) https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/big-bottomed-ants-hormigas-culonashttps://books.google.com/books?id=NebIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT187&lpg=PT187https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/da-tradurreformica-culona/

Head to factormeals.com/tangents50 and use code tangents50 to get 50% off! ----------------------------- Use promo code TANGENTS to get 50% off up to $10 value, when you spend $15 or more at convenience, grocery or retail stores on DoorDash. The universe is dusty AF, frankly. It's on your body, in every nook in cranny of your house, some planets are just made entirely of dust pretty much, and space is full of it! It's everywhere, so I guess we might as well learn something about it...SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Glenn Trewitt for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Apollo 11 moon dust sample at auctionhttps://www.bonhams.com/auction/27937/lot/21/a-unique-opportunity-to-own-a-nasa-verified-piece-of-the-apollo-11-contingency-sample-5-scanning-electron-microscope-sem-aluminum-sample-stubs-each-topped-with-approximately-10-mm-diameter-carbon-tape-containing-apollo-moon-dust/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/apollo-11-lunar-dust-auction[Fact Off]Spiderwebs collecting microplastic dust as sensorshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969722021015https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/spider-webs-record-severity-of-microplastic-pollution-in-cities/4015800.articlehttps://phys.org/news/2022-06-microplastics-spider-webs.htmlhttps://edu.rsc.org/science-research/spiderwebs-used-as-microplastic-pollution-screens/4016071.articlehttps://www.sciencealert.com/microplastics-are-so-pervasive-you-can-even-find-them-stuck-in-spider-websMartian concrete made from dust, blood, and urea (also potato starch and salt)https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/76/3/62/2868070/Building-on-Mars-with-human-blood-andhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006421000442https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EGUGA..20.4453Z/abstracthttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/982978https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/eng-2022-0390/html[Ask the Science Couch]House dust mite allergenshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11845577/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7464922/https://www.jacionline.org/article/0021-8707(67)90045-7/fulltext  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12016-018-8693-0[Butt One More Thing]Fecal dust air pollutant from cow and horse manurehttps://fee.org/articles/the-great-horse-manure-crisis-of-1894/https://99percentinvisible.org/article/cities-paved-dung-urban-design-great-horse-manure-crisis-1894/https://www.texasobserver.org/cafos-panhandle-tceq/

From trustworthy to calming, sad to steadfast, and, of course, jeans - the color blue means a lot of things to a lot of people. Join Team Tangents as we delve into this deceptively complicated primary color!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy some great Tangents merch!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Trivia Question]YInMn blue unnamed element https://chemistry.oregonstate.edu/chemistry-news-events/yinmn-bluehttps://chemistry.oregonstate.edu/impact/2017/09/hello-bluetiful-theres-a-new-yinmn-blue-inspired-crayonhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/first-blue-pigment-discovered-200-years-finally-sale-180976769/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/05/style/blue-pigment-YInMn.htmlhttps://colourlex.com/project/yinmn-blue/[Fact Off]Blue dye blocking ATP for spinal cord injurieshttps://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/blue-dye-may-hold-promise-in-treating-spinal-cord-injuryhttps://www.wired.com/2009/07/bluerats/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/brilliant-blue-spinehttps://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2009-07/good-news-animal-lovers-and-folks-spinal-injuries/Vivianite blue found on bones, shells, and other remainshttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/vivianite-blue-human-remainshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9871987/https://www.kristineballard.com/vivianite-blue/https://www.uaf.edu/museum/press/spotlight/blue-babe/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X21001309https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1%3C1::AID-AJPA1%3E3.0.CO;2-R[Ask the Science Couch]Color psychology: blue and marketing/logoshttps://today.yougov.com/topics/international/articles-reports/2015/05/12/why-blue-worlds-favorite-colorhttps://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/09/20/the-face-of-facebookhttps://www.joehallock.com/?page_id=1281https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11747-010-0245-yhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3151897https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SJME-03-2018-005/full/html[Butt One More Thing]Evidence of blue cheese in Austrian paleofeceshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930931https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)01271-9https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/oct/14/sophisticated-ancient-faeces-shows-humans-enjoyed-beer-and-blue-cheese-2700-years-ago#

Take control of your finances today. Go to https://RocketMoney.com/TANGENTS to get started!It's easy to write off bacteria as no good, nasty, disease causing creeps, but consider this: without bacteria, we wouldn't have yogurt, or delicious sourdough bread, or a gut microbiome to digest those things! There are probably other good examples of ways bacteria are helpful to us, but I'm too hungry to think of them...SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

From eggs to tacos to Ninja Turtles, some of the best things in life come in shells. So cozy on up inside the nearest conch as we regale you with tales of shells from all across the scientific spectrum!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Golden ratio nautilus shellshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-018-0419-3[Fact Off]Batteries made from crab shells https://www.cell.com/matter/fulltext/S2590-2385(22)00414-3https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/09/220901135827.htmhttps://www.thedailybeast.com/the-future-of-renewable-energy-may-be-this-battery-made-from-crab-shellshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/cycle-lifehttps://www.acs.org/pressroom/presspacs/2023/march/crab-shells-could-help-power-the-next-generation-of-rechargeable-batteries.htmlMicroplastics and hermit crab shellshttps://oceanographicmagazine.com/news/hermit-crab-behaviour-affected-by-microplastics/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0030https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32343937/[Ask the Science Couch]Mollusk shell development & secretion into spiral shapeshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-seashells-take-shape/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-are-seashells-created/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10126-005-6029-6https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.0810311106https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/how-a-snails-shell-gets-its-twist[Butt One More Thing]Wood-boring bivalve that creates fecal chimneyshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12526-022-01306-zhttps://www.fieldmuseum.org/blog/down-and-dirty-most-unusual-bivalve

This week we're talking about our old friend, Mr. Distance-Over-Time himself: Speed! From the speediest hedgehog to the slowiest slug, we all have speed, and we can all come together and listen to this podcast to learn more about how and why that is.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Walter Arnold first ever speeding tickethttps://automotivehistory.org/january-28-1896-the-first-speeding-ticket-2/https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Walter-Arnold-Worlds-First-Speeding-Ticket/https://blog.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/2014/01/28/the-first-speeding-fine-for-travelling-at-8-mph/[Fact Off]The Oh-My-God particle (high-energy cosmic ray)https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-particle-that-broke-a-cosmic-speed-limit-20150514/https://www.science.org/content/article/oh-my-god-its-real-particlehttps://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9410067https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/858169  Needlefish jump-hunting of underwater preyhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn28483-the-first-fish-to-leap-out-of-water-and-attack-prey-from-air/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/71727/first-fish-needlefish-attack-prey-airhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12799/abstract;jsessionid=357639AD25AB070E62DAFF95B2DFCE5E.f01t02https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2019-01-03/why-do-fish-jump-and-how/10519986https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfb.12278/abstract;jsessionid=2234B87FDA55C22723B4055F5C220218.f03t01[Ask the Science Couch]Fastest human body speeds & extreme g-forces (aviation, land speed, etc.)https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/shuttlestation/station/microgex.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/missions/science/hyper.htmlhttps://books.google.nl/books?id=9-FXAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=horse+riding+uterus+prolapse+trainhttps://books.google.nl/books?id=Lm03AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA337&dq=train+railways+vibrations+oscillations+-suspenson+-bridge+travellers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXz4el-vfXAhXLKVAKHUz8B64Q6AEIOzADhttps://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/man-behind-high-speed-safety-standardshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/star-wars-science-light-speed/[Butt One More Thing]Skipper caterpillar flinging frass pellets with anal plateshttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/201/1/121/7701/Faecal-Firing-in-a-Skipper-Caterpillar-is-Pressure

Whether you're tracking the orbit of satellites, looking at your phone, or picking out a dozen fresh-baked donuts, the chances are pretty good that right this second, YOU are using numbers! Hate to break it to you, bud, but math is actually pretty important after all!Want more Deboki? Check her out at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki to find info on all of the many projects she works on!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

No new episode this week! Come back next week, June 13, and every other week after that for a new episode. To learn more about Hank's recent cancer diagnosis, check out his video here.Thanks for you patience and we'll talk to you soon!

From the planet Earth to the humble pizza pie, some of the most important things in the whole universe have crusts! Including, most likely, the ears that are listening to this! Twitch streamer and friend of the show Ashley Roboto stops by to pick at the crusty scabs of knowledge with us!Can’t get enough AshleyRoboto? Follow her @AshleyRoboto and check out her Twitch stream here: https://www.twitch.tv/ashleyrobotoSciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

"Oh, glass, big deal" you might be saying. Well guess what: if you're reading this, you're looking through glass right now to read about this episode about glass. You might even be touching glass to make this glass episode play! It's glass's world, you're just living in it! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Click here to check out the limited-time-only Tangents t-shirt inspired by this episode!Color: it's not just for art anymore. From red dwarfs to green algae to... uh... brown squirrels, science is chock full of color, too! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Trivia Question]Longest-lasting rainbowhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/9-hour-rainbow-sets-new-guinness-record-180968527/[Fact Off]Crustacean larvae camouflaged glass eyeshttps://slate.com/technology/2023/02/shrimp-larvae-eye-glitter-nanotechnology.htmlhttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/glassy-eyes-young-crustaceans-predatorsBrainbows (fluorescent cell visualization using lots of colors)https://blog.addgene.org/evolution-of-brainbow-using-cre-lox-for-multicolor-labeling-of-neuronshttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-19-1352-5_6https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/698637https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/619298[Ask the Science Couch]Color psychology and emotional responseshttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00368/fullhttps://isom.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/JOM_1979_08_4_01_Tranquilizing_Effect_of_Color_Reduces_Aggressive-.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831986/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880552/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1612362/pdf/brmedj02002-0030.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/435293a[Butt One More Thing]Caca-dauphin, the fashionable baby poop color https://theconversation.com/fornication-fluids-and-faeces-the-intimate-life-of-the-french-court-71982https://www.vanityfair.fr/actualites/articles/au-temps-de-marie-antoinette-le-caca-dauphin-etait-la-couleur-a-la-mode/54212

Spring is upon us, which means a whoooole bunch of junk is going to start growing, such as flowers, grass, and little baby animals. So this week, Tangents is hacking into that growth mindset being displayed by mother nature to talk all about the science of stuff getting bigger! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Trivia Question]Nishinoshima meters of growth spurt in 2020https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146935/nishinoshima-belches-ash-and-lava[Fact Off]Jackalope myth from Shope papilloma virushttps://gizmodo.com/rabbits-with-horns-meet-the-human-papillomavirus-5795996http://www.medirabbit.com/EN/Skin_diseases/Viral_diseases/Pap/Papilloma.htmElectroculture: lightning strikes helping shiitake mushrooms growhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/ab7627https://phys.org/news/2010-04-lightning-mushrooms.htmlhttps://physicsworld.com/a/artificial-lightning-strikes-encourage-growth-of-shiitake-mushrooms/https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/29_34https://www.jstor.org/stable/2255657[Ask the Science Couch]Measures of growth in kids (bone age or bone plate closure, sugar preference)https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.580314/fullPicture: https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/580314/fped-09-580314-HTML/image_m/fped-09-580314-g001.jpghttps://www.hopkinsallchildrens.org/Patients-Families/Health-Library/HealthDocNew/X-Ray-Exam-Bone-Age-Studyhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4397276/https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/skeletal/growth.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2011/09/26/140753048/kids-sugar-cravings-might-be-biologicalhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764307/pdf/nihms100732.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Bat guano pile growth over 4,300 years https://news.agu.org/press-release/poop-core-records-4300-years-of-bat-diet-and-environment/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JG006026

If you are on the planet Earth right now, there's probably a pretty good chance you're near an ant right now. So spare a thought for those hard working little fellows and unplug your headphones so they can hear this episode about ants (featuring special guest Maddie Sofia) and learn more about themselves! Want more Maddie Sofia in your life? Check them out on Twitter @maddie_sofia, watch the episode of PBS's Deep Look that inspired their poem, or go to Maddie's website to find countless more projects!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]First commercial formicarium https://archive.dartmouthalumnimagazine.com/article/1988/12/1/the-man-who-invented-the-ant-farm-not-to-mention-the-ant-coal-minehttps://www.dartmouth.edu/library/Library_Bulletin/Apr1993/LB-A93-Cramer.html?mswitch-redir=classichttps://www.usinflationcalculator.com/[Fact Off]Ants stealing food from a pitcher plant Ants swimming in pitcher plants: kinematics of aquatic and terrestrial locomotion in Camponotus schmitzihttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/abs/swimming-ants-and-pitcher-plants-a-unique-antplant-interaction-from-borneo/603B9F3C479FF3D2CF369E23B4EF67E0https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01937.xMarauder ants and major worker piggyback rideshttps://content.ucpress.edu/chapters/10359.ch01.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155725/https://sib.illinois.edu/suarez/local/suarez/uploads/2020/01/Wills_etal_2018_ARE.pdfhttps://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_75-1https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043357 [Ask the Science Couch]Ant size/strength https://engineering.osu.edu/news/2014/02/study-ants-remarkable-strength-may-lead-powerful-micro-sized-robotshttps://www.wired.com/video/watch/why-humans-cant-lift-as-much-as-antshttps://askdruniverse.wsu.edu/2017/07/20/how_ants_are_strong/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2113824-coconut-crabs-bone-crushing-grip-is-10-times-stronger-than-ours/https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/allometry-the-study-of-biological-scaling-13228439/[Butt One More Thing]Parasitic beetle disguised as ant butt https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/02/the-beetle-that-pretends-to-be-an-army-ants-butt/516522/https://bmczool.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40850-016-0010-x

Original Airdate: January 26, 2021SciShow Tangents will be back next week with a new season and very special guest! Until then, please enjoy this beloved classic episode about Weather! Because it's spring and the weather is changing, you see!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Every millisecond of every day, you, everyone you know, every rock on the ground, every star in the sky... they're all aging. And podcasts are no exception. In fact, Tangents is hitting a milestone in its aging as we bring season 4 to a close with this episode! You can't hear the dull roar of time lurching ever onward if you're listening to a funny show, so come listen!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Epigenetic clock of dog years vs. human yearshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/theres-new-better-formula-calculating-dog-years-180973575/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32619550/[Fact Off]Brown-Séquard and using testicle injections to reverse aginghttps://archive.org/details/Brown-sequardC.-e.TheEffectProducedOnManBySubcutaneousInjectionsOfAhttps://academic.oup.com/brain/article/140/5/1525/3760152https://www.jci.org/articles/view/57089Sperm aging/senescence in toads and other vertebrateshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050820https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/683429https://support.webb.uu.se/digitalAssets/52/a_52297-f_BeckyTREE.pdfhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21332857/[Ask the Science Couch]Causing/reversing aging in mice through epigenetics (ICE - inducible changes to epigenome)https://hms.harvard.edu/news/loss-epigenetic-information-can-drive-aging-restoration-can-reversehttps://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)01570-7https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230115/The-loss-of-epigenetic-information-accelerates-the-aging-process.aspxhttps://newatlas.com/biology/epigenetic-reboot-reverse-aging-extend-lifespanhttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507v1https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2975-4[Butt One More Thing]C. elegans rapid senescence (kind of lactation)https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930463https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25821-y

Learning is a little like farming, in a way. You sow your brain field with facts seeds, nurture those seeds into thoughts and ideas and voila: you're smart! So slap on your headphones and jump on that tractor: We've got a bumper crop of knowledge to harvest!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Circulation of 1938 Old Farmer’s Almanachttps://www.almanac.com/history-old-farmers-almanachttps://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/11/how-the-old-farmers-almanac-previewed-the-information-age/415836/[Fact Off]Bradford watermelon seeds that people would die forhttps://bradfordwatermelons.com/2014/08/our-story-the-long-version/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/71931/super-sweet-watermelon-has-deadly-historyhttps://www.treehugger.com/bradford-watermelons-were-juicy-delicious-people-literally-die-4862619Hearing loss in farmed salmon because of weird otolith formationhttps://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/farmed-salmon-are-deaf-and-now-we-know-whyhttps://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/220/16/2965/33518/Rapid-growth-causes-abnormal-vaterite-formation-inhttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep25249https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.709850/full[Ask the Science Couch]Animal agriculture (ants, termites, pocket gophers)https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/did-you-know/did-you-know-leafcutter-ants-are-farmers-who-grow-fungihttps://asm.org/Articles/2017/September/the-leaf-cutter-ant-s-50-million-years-of-farminghttps://www.theverge.com/2016/6/25/12024324/termite-farming-25-million-years-ago-before-humanshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156847https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/957505https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)00915-0Video of pocket gopher pulling plant: https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/940458[Butt One More Thing]Pig sty latrineshttps://www.artic.edu/articles/629/pigsty-and-latrineshttps://www.sixthtone.com/news/1001550/seats%2C-squats%2C-and-leaves-a-brief-history-of-chinese-toiletshttps://www.google.com/books/edition/_/N5dN_A29v58C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=fertilizer

In all of science, there are very few things conceptually cooler than lasers. A beam of light you can use to blast aliens? Heck yeah! But are lasers actually as cool in reality as they are in science fiction? Probably not! But I guess you'll have to listen to find out for sure.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Gold-plated bacteriaContact lenses that shoot lasersLead into gold with lasers[Trivia Question]Universal Product Code first scanned in grocery storehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-bar-code-180956704/[Fact Off]Laser cooking of printed chickenhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jct3f92rIOEhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/3-d-printed-chicken-dinner-cooked-by-lasers/Laser lightning rod for deflection/protectionhttps://www.unige.ch/communication/communiques/en/2023/devier-la-foudre-grace-au-paratonnerre-laserhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-022-01139-zhttps://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/lightning/faq/http://www.usfcam.usf.edu/cam/exhibitions/1998_12_mccollum/supplemental_didactics/21.uman2.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Long-distance lasers and masers https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/lasers/hazardshttps://spie.org/news/12-09-laser-ranging?SSO=1http://ccom.unh.edu/theme/lidarhttps://www.icrar.org/megamaser/https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02523  [Butt One More Thing]Low-level laser therapy for butt (or any) tendonshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8886125/https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22960-gluteal-tendinopathyhttp://www.utahorthopediccenters.com/hip/gluteus-medius-tendinopathy-or-dead-butt-syndrome/

The bodily function so universal, there's a kids book all about how everybody does it! But... is that kids book a lie?! Find out the answer to that and way more in this very overdue episode of Tangents!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Penguin poop distance traveledhttps://iposeogsekk.com/penguano.pdfhttps://improbable.com/ig/winners/#ig2005[Fact Off]AI listening to sounds of poop/diarrhea/farthttps://www.newscientist.com/article/2350082-ai-listens-to-toilet-sounds-to-guess-whether-people-have-diarrhoea/https://www.inverse.com/innovation/fart-monitoring-aiDagger made of frozen poop debunked (or, at the very least, not effective in lab conditions)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352409X19305371https://nautil.us/the-problem-with-the-frozen-poop-knife-study-237572/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-friday-edition-1.5282456/why-scientists-tried-and-failed-to-make-a-knife-out-of-frozen-poop-1.5282458[Ask the Science Couch]Period poops (progesterone/estrogen & prostaglandins)https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24411-prostaglandinshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3297513/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3823955https://health.clevelandclinic.org/why-do-you-poop-more-on-your-period/

In honor of Valentine's Day, that most cherished day of beauty and love, the Tangents crew gets real down and dirty by telling you more than you could ever want to know about sex harpoons, cannibalism, living sperm, and some other utterly un-romantic methods of copulation employed by the animal kingdom! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Mike A, and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

You need to clean a smudge of your glasses? Use some spit! Gotta make some food moist so you can swallow it? Why not try spit?  Lips too dry to whistle a tune? My friend, spit is the bodily excretion for you! Spit: don't leave home without it!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Minor salivary glandshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-may-have-discovered-new-organ-set-salivary-glands-hidden-your-head-180976104/[Fact Off]Bowerbird making “paint” out of salivahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3996615/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2005.0908-8857.03549.xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347213001097?via%3Dihubhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0325https://australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/satin-bowerbird/https://australian.museum/learn/animals/birds/satin-bowerbird/Spitting cobras evolved to defend against hominids throwing rockshttps://www.newsweek.com/how-it-feels-acobra-spits-face-revealed-excruciating-detail-1749490https://www.earthtouchnews.com/discoveries/discoveries/spitting-cobras-may-have-evolved-unique-venom-to-defend-from-ancient-humans/https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2021/01/study-did-cobras-first-spit-venom-scare-pre-humans[Ask the Science Couch]Compressing salivary glands aka “gleeking”https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542272/https://www.health.com/mind-body/what-is-gleekinghttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/salivary.html [Butt One More Thing]Dung-spitting competitionshttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/dung-spitting-contest-northern-ireland_n_55ae6aebe4b0a9b9485290c1https://www.ripleys.com/weird-news/bokdrol-spoeg/https://www.sbnation.com/lookit/2014/8/1/5960987/spitting-antelope-poop-is-a-sport-kudu-bokdrol-spoeg

Original Airdate: February 19, 2019It seems like everyone's using Artificial Intelligence these days, so we thought we'd dip back into our archives for a little refresher on just what the heck AI even is. Plus, meet the character find of 2023: President Smartest Dog in the World!

You can bounce it, you can stretch it, heck... some people even chew it! That's right, it's rubber! And at long last, the Tangents team is finally talking about it! You all really wanted an episode about rubber, right? Well, we made it anyway, so you have to listen. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]Mesoamerican rubber recipehttps://news.mit.edu/2010/mayaball-0524[Trivia Question]Koosh ball filamentshttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/73583/12-kooky-facts-about-koosh-balls[Fact Off]Mimicking birdsong with a rubber tubehttps://softmath.seas.harvard.edu/publication/controllable-biomimetic-birdsong/https://seas.harvard.edu/news/2011/01/simple-rubber-devices-mimic-complex-bird-songshttps://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-12093906Mayan dental care & harvesting chicle as gumhttps://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-249X2018000100007https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=fieldandlabhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0008621500827755https://bda.org/museum/collections/teeth-and-dentures/mayan-toothhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X22000980#b0200

From a bunny’s seemingly-useless fluffy li’l puffball to a scorpion’s practical and deadly venom-filled stinger, the world is filled with all sorts of wonderful tails! And heck, some of them aren’t even tails at all, but that’s ok!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Seahorse square tail segments https://today.ucsd.edu/story/why_the_seahorses_tail_is_square_and_how_it_could_be_an_inspiration[Fact Off]Swallowtail butterfly tails protect from attacking damagehttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/butterfly-wing-tail-loss-break-birds-escapehttps://phys.org/news/2022-06-evidence-butterflies-tails-distract-predators.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2022.0562Bird-of-paradise light-absorbing tail feathershttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02088-whttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/new-vogelkop-superb-bird-of-paradise-changes-up-the-old-song-and-dance/https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/20/20813054/vantablack-ultrablack-black-material-surrey-nanosystems-carbon-nanotubes-science-materials[Ask the Science Couch]Evolutionary tail loss in some primates (apes)https://www.science.org/content/article/jumping-gene-may-have-erased-tails-humans-and-other-apes-and-boosted-our-risk-birth-defectshttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.14.460388v1https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263034/https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/why-don-t-humans-have-tails[Butt One More Thing]Ant head mimicry on wasp tail/metasomaImage: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Posterior-metasomal-tergites-and-ovipositor-of-Clistopyga-caramba-sp-nov-holotype_fig2_281632324https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4013.2.9https://phys.org/news/2021-09-segments-scorpion-metasoma.html

From precious oxygen to the lowly fart, every day we’re all wallowing around in an invisible soup of gas! Exciting, isn’t it? Tune in to go into an exciting adventure into the world of gas with Sam, Ceri, and Dr. Tubeboy!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Horace Wells and Nitrous Oxide/Laughing Gashttps://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/119/5/1014/13670/Horace-Wells-Demonstration-of-Nitrous-Oxide-in[Fact Off]History of the storage/transportation of gas (cylinders, gas holders, bamboo)https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/natural_gas_basics.htmlhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0471238961.0701190519160509.a01https://www.apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-natural-gashttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24969284https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_2603https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/349362https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/professional_theses/147/https://www.nortegas.es/en/our-business/distribution-of-natural-gas/history-of-natural-gas/Canaries to detect carbon monoxide in mines & resuscitating them with oxygenhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/story-real-canary-coal-mine-180961570/[Ask the Science Couch]Fart/flatus noises from anal sphincterhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8601379/https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19545944/fart-noises/https://flatology.com/consider-the-sphincter/https://urogynecology.nm.org/anal-incontinence.html[Butt One More Thing]Snake cloacal popping https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/377052

It's the time of year for old acquaintances to be forgot, but SciShow Tangents has never been one to bow to convention! So this week, we're remembering all our dang acquaintances and way more as we dive deep on the concept of Memory! Want more Deboki? Check her out at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki to find info on all of the many projects she works on!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Imprinting in generalhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.736999/fullhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4726915/Pekin duckling different eye, different memorieshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347216302597?via%3Dihubhttps://phys.org/news/2016-11-ducklings-memory-banks-visual.htmlCalifornia condor puppet funeralshttps://www.nature.com/news/2007/070806/full/news070806-3.html#B1https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/zoo.20151Siberian cranes imprint for migrationhttps://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1377&context=nacwgprochttps://savingcranes.org/learn/species-field-guide/siberian-crane/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/2006/apr/01/guardianobituaries.mainsection[Trivia Question]Chaser (Border Collie) remembering unique object nameshttps://webs.wofford.edu/reidak/Pubs/Pilley%20and%20Reid%202011.pdfhttps://www.goupstate.com/story/news/2019/07/26/world-famous-dog-chaser-dies-at-15/4597342007/https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/2021/11/02/spartanburg-community-college-new-mascot-scc-chasers-chaser-the-border-collie-south-carolina/6199107001/[Fact Off]Taking Photos Makes Memory Worse https://www.binghamton.edu/news/story/3079/taking-photos-can-impair-your-memory-of-eventshttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/08/05/1022041431/to-remember-the-moment-try-taking-fewer-photos[Ask the Science Couch]Remembering commercial jingles rather than “important” names and dates https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fxge0001050https://muse.jhu.edu/article/269004https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0086170https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735611406578https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0305735611418553https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-35459-001https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.896285/full[Butt One More Thing]Poop amnesia or vasovagal syncopehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6067056/https://www.iflscience.com/woman-loses-10-years-of-memories-due-to-bad-case-of-constipation-52589https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/constipated-woman-lost-10-years-of-memories-after-straining-too-hard/F5X2BVV6FWFXH7NNZZFG2IGEYA/

There are no two ways about it: winter is a great time to sleep. In fact, the Tangents crew all decided to sleep this entire week, which is what this episode is a rerun! See you next week/year!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Jack frost ain't just nipping at our noses where we live, he's basically biting them off! Ouch! So we thought we'd learn a little about what "cold" even is, and you may not be too surprised to hear that the answer is way, way more complicated than you'd think. Bundle up and take a listen!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Coldest temperature - Bremen drop tower heighthttps://www.livescience.com/coldest-temperature-ever[Fact Off]Freeze dried potato made by the Altiplanohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJrOJg2a-_Yhttps://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210715-chuno-the-andean-secret-to-making-potatoes-last-decadeshttps://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/chunos-potatoes-feetCaloric reflex/vestibular testhttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003429.htmhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/caloric-vestibular-testhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10863/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4325576/

sniff sniff... What is that awful smell? Ah, it's our stinky, old games! I mean, just look at Truth or Fail! It's all covered in mold! Good thing Deboki's here this week to try out some fresh, exciting new games with us!scWant more Deboki? Check her out at https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki to find info on all of the many projects she works on!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It's said that the dose makes the poison, but that doesn't change the fact that some poison is just more poison-y than others. This week, we get a lethal dose of venomous knowledge!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Definition]Toxin vs. poison vs. venomhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12062https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/whats-in-a-name-venoms-vs-poisons-toxinology-101[Dead or Not Dead][Trivia Question]Belgian musicians getting sick from botulismhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133258/#b01https://www.jstor.org/stable/30099331[Fact Off]Ants disinfect using their butt poisonhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)31147-3https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/736123https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982212013784https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/Antintro.htmhttps://elifesciences.org/articles/60287https://www.mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/Researchtaxapages/Formicidaepages/genericpages/Lasius.neglectus.htmBacteriophage that stole spider venom proteinhttps://evolution.berkeley.edu/evo-news/black-widow-virus-results-from-evolution-not-genetic-engineering/https://www.livescience.com/56443-black-widow-spider-dna-found-inside-virus.htmlhttps://news.vanderbilt.edu/2016/10/11/virus-carrying-dna-of-black-widow-spider-toxin-discovered/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2108671-virus-steals-black-widow-poison-gene-to-help-it-attack/[Ask the Science Couch]Effects of ingesting venomhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266834/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230014003419?via%3Dihubhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7985199/https://www.jem-journal.com/article/S0736-4679(15)01377-3/fulltexthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349795/[Butt One More Thing]Goats can deactivate poisonous plant compoundshttps://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.v046n03p4https://agresearchfoundation.oregonstate.edu/sites/agresearchfoundation.oregonstate.edu/files/bionaz_2014-16_final.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938409002510?via%3Dihub

In a universe of chaos, one scrappy form of highly-ordered solid matter dares to be different: crystals! And crystal expert Tyler Thrasher is here to tell us all we need to know about them!Want more Tyler Thrasher (and who wouldn't?!)? Check out https://tylerthrasher.com to learn more about his myriad of other projects!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It's just about Thanksgiving here in the US; a special time during which we count our blessings. And this year, Tangents is giving you an extra thing to be thankful for: Stefan's our special guest! Our long lost co-host returns to talk to us about wings: birds love to use 'em, people love to eat 'em, and planes need them too, I guess. Sit around the table with us, won't you, as we pass out some heaping helpings of science knowledge. Pass the gravy!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Number of bird wings in the Burke Museum https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/ornithologyhttps://www.audubon.org/news/behind-scenes-worlds-largest-bird-wing-collectionhttps://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/ornithology/collections-database/results.php?l=20&o=0&n=40653&m=32557&f=&g=&s=17h%7EIymyNd1yIp&w=PfHdywfPYczv2Y01KbF0&wo=PHdywPYjdyhNdQIY1KbF[Fact Off]Club-winged manakins use wing feathers to chirp/singVideo & audio: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSHjhCN6NC0Audio-only clips: https://ebird.org/species/clwman1Picture of feathers: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PipraWing.jpghttps://news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/07/rare-south-american-bird-sings-its-feathers-attract-mate-cornell-researcher-findshttps://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/singing-with-his-wings-the-club-winged-manakins-display/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3440988/[Ask the Science Couch]Planes flying upside downhttps://www1.grc.nasa.gov/beginners-guide-to-aeronautics/what-is-lift/https://www.popsci.com/flying-upside-down-physics/https://www.flyingmag.com/why-can-airplanes-fly-upside-down/https://howthingsfly.si.edu/ask-an-explainer/how-do-planes-fly-upside-down[Butt One More Thing]Airplane and wing butt lineshttp://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/design/q0289.shtmlhttps://www.aircraftsystemstech.com/p/location-numbering-systems-even-on.htmlhttps://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/72611/what-is-the-difference-between-a-wing-station-and-wing-buttock-linehttp://www.techdrawingtools.com/24/l2402.htm

Before you listen, just take a moment to think about how sight works: Light comes out of the sun, bounces off of a tree (or whatever), goes inside of your head, and hits some nerves which send signals to your brain which turns that into an image of a tree (or whatever)... I wouldn't believe it if I weren't looking at this screen and typing these words right now! Also, what better medium to talk about seeing stuff than a podcast!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Colossal squid eye sizehttps://www.tepapa.govt.nz/discover-collections/read-watch-play/science/anatomy-colossal-squid/eyes-colossal-squidhttps://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/largest-eye-world-giant-squid[Fact Off]Climbing vine can mimic plastic plant leaveshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-02229-8https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-sneaky-life-of-the-worlds-most-mysterious-plantOgre-faced spider eye membrane regeneration https://www.jstor.org/stable/77314https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/how-spiders-see-the-world/https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Creatures/MISC/SPIDERS/ogre_faced_spider_Deinopis_spinosa.htmhttps://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?id=116061[Ask the Science Couch]Human visible spectrum & eye evolutionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093619/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141218210100.htmhttps://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004884https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2013.2995https://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/may/30/medicalscience.research[Butt One More Thing]Tadpole butt eye transplanthttp://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/6/1031https://slate.com/technology/2013/03/tadpole-eye-transplants-reveal-neuroplasticity-in-tufts-lab.html

This week, we investigate one of the more complicated, fraught, mysterious, and downright unpleasant ways we and lots of other living things navigate the world: pain.From headaches to scorpion stings, there's lots of ways to get hurt, but is anything as painful as Hank's Liam Neeson impression? Let's find out!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Walking on LEGOshttps://science.discoveryplace.org/blog/ever-wonder-why-it-hurts-when-you-step-on-a-lego-brickhttps://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/469467-farthest-distance-walking-on-lego-bricks[Fact Off]Bees making motivational trade-off based on pain & sugarhttps://www.science.org/content/article/bees-may-feel-painhttps://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2205821119Grasshopper mice block pain from scorpion venomhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1236451https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3404https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/99/3-4/article-p275_5.xml?language=enhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347205004318https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izizsAodOCk[Ask the Science Couch]Pain modulation & inhibition (with other pain or distraction)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jL9GgdsyHtAhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0987705320301465https://journals.lww.com/pain/Citation/2014/04000/Pain_modulation_profile_and_pain_therapy__Between.5.aspxhttps://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26882/v3https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/Fulltext/2022/06000/Conditioned_pain_modulation_is_associated_with.10.aspxhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7689692/[Butt One More Thing]“Bubble Butt Syndrome” sea turtle injuryhttps://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/-/media/OEH/Corporate-Site/Documents/Animals-and-plants/Native-animals/rescued-sea-turtles-treatment-care-guidelines-210143.pdfhttps://cse.umn.edu/college/feature-stories/shoring-seemore-sea-turtles-shellhttps://www.turtlehospital.org/sea-turtle-injuries/

It's the day after Halloween, which means you might have a surplus of candy in your house. But before you start digging in to those sugary treat, spare a thought for your teeth, won't you? And to help you with that, today we have a classic episode all about your pearly whites! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Tangents' annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars! Trick or Treat Month reaches it's horrific, blood-soaked conclusion! And who better to help us wade through the pools of gore than Dr. Sydnee and Justin McElroy, co-hosts of the medical history podcast Sawbones? No one, that's who!Want more Sydnee and Justin? Check out https://www.blectar.com to find the whole McElroy family of podcasts, including Sawbones!Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[This or That]Round 1 - Bat tonguehttps://www.livescience.com/52305-bat-tongues-move-like-human-bowels.htmlhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1500525Round 2 - Ground finch beakhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-some-darwins-finches-evolved-drink-blood-180976814/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2408396?origin=crossrefhttps://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0555-8https://gizmodo.com/meet-the-worlds-most-amiable-vampire-the-hood-mockingb-1742955703Round 3 - Snail proboscis https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-015-1648-4.pdfhttps://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527497https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/snailradulalarge.htmlhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/1541716Round 4 - Possum tonguehttps://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/env/pages/a117ced5-9a94-4586-afdb-1f333618e1e3/files/33-ind.pdfhttps://www.uwa.edu.au/study/-/media/Faculties/Science/Docs/Features-of-the-honey-possum.pdfhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-011-0632-9https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003600050257https://www.bushheritage.org.au/species/honey-possumRound 5 - Egg Substitutehttps://nordicfoodlab.wordpress.com/2014/01/07/2013-9-blood-and-egg/#_ftn4https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/albuminhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/egg-albumen[Ask the Science Couch]Blood donation, IVs, & venepuncturehttps://www.fi.edu/heart/blood-vesselshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138671/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/median-cubital-veinhttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.res.22.6.737https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/arterial-stickhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138661/https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/clinicalproceduresforsaferpatientcaretrubscn/chapter/8-6-infusing-iv-fluids-by-gravity-or-an-electronic-infusion-device-pump/[Butt One More Thing]Snakes and cloacal autohemorrhaging https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-hog-nosed-snake/https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/3-s2.0-B9780323482530001719/first-page-pdfhttps://www.cresosnake.com/kingsnakes

Tangents' annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars!From out of the pumpkin patch rises author, YouTuber, and podcaster Jackson Bird, here to thrill us with terrifying tales of the scariest produce of all: gourds! From pumpkins to watermelon, this versatile family of fruits nourishes and terrifies in equal measure!Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!Looking for more Jackson Bird? You can buy his book, Sorted, listen to his podcast, Cool Stuff Ride Home, or check him out on YouTube! And if you want to know what this waffle business we were talking about is, check out his series Will It Waffle?!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Squash bees and poison pollenhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7033150/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666515821000147https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33998650/https://lopezuribelab.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SquashBeeBooklet-WEB_VERSION_FINAL.pdfField mice and cool cucumbershttps://horticulture.oregonstate.edu/oregon-vegetables/cucumbers-slicing-fresh-markethttps://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/tn/sfsm_opguide.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC396419/pdf/plntphys00196-0020.pdfCrickets and bottle gourd instrumentshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00606086https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/stridulation/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-are-cricket-gourds[Ask the Science Couch]Gourd cross-pollinationhttps://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/newsletters/hortupdate/hortupdate_archives/2005/apr05/Melons.htmlhttps://extension.sdstate.edu/saving-seed-pumpkins-squash-cucumbers-melons-and-gourdshttps://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/cross-pollination-between-vine-cropshttps://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/faq/will-cucumbers-cross-pollinate-other-vine-crops[Butt One More Thing]Aardvark cucumbers & dung pileshttps://ulovane.co.za/2017/03/16/ulovane-update-aardvark-cucumber/https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00423203_2648

Tangents annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars!This week, we've called upon the spirit of Radiolab and Terrestrials ghost host Lulu Miller to get down in the muck and talk about all the wormy, wriggly, slimy, little creatures that send shivers down our spines: creepy crawlies! Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents/products/scishow-tangents-halloween-logo-stickerLooking for more Lulu Miller? Check out Radiolab or Terrestrials if podcasts are your thing, or Why Fish Don't Exist if you're more of a book person! There's a little something for everyone!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Tangents annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars!And to kick off Trick or Treat Month, we've summoned Simpsons writer, author and food reviewer extraordinaire Bill Oakley to talk about preserved food! How is preserved food spooky? I guess you'll just have to listen to find out! Want more Bill Oakley? You're in luck! You can follow him on Twitter or Instagram to check out his food reviews, get his audiobook, Space: 1969, here, and join his Patreon, The Steamed Hams Society, here! Become a Bill Oakley Superfan... today!Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Are You Gonna Eat That?]Old TwinkieSource:https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/twinkie-maine-40-years/story?id=40076223https://www.thespruceeats.com/the-twinkie-myth-1328772Old Hamhttps://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-28299440Old Fruit Cakehttps://www.worldrecordacademy.org/world-records/food/oldest-fruitcake-143-year-old-fruitcake-sets-world-record-312432Old Picklehttps://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2020/05/20/springfield-pokin-around-man-pickle-family-heirloom-175-years/5212382002/Old WInehttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/worlds-oldest-wine-speyer-bottle[Ask the Science Couch]Chip bag slack fill & nitrogen gas as a preservativehttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/51993/why-are-potato-chip-bags-always-half-emptyhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pts.2770070205

It's almost October, and SciShow Tangents is getting ready for its month-long Halloween blowout! While we make final arrangements, please enjoy this classic, sound-filled journey through Tangents Manor! Try not to get too scared!!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Popular culture makes radiation seem pretty scary, and frequently it is. But we encounter way more radiation in our day-to-day life than you might think, from radio waves to visible light. Come explore the whole spectrum of radiation on this week's Tangents!And we talk a LOT about The Vampire Diaries, too!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Cladosporium sphaerospermum fungus blockadehttps://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Cladosporium_sphaerospermumhttps://www.universetoday.com/153283/fungi-were-able-to-absorb-radiation-on-the-iss-could-astronauts-grow-their-own-radiation-shields-in-space/https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070521/full/news070521-5.html[Fact Off]Atomic energy Boy Scout badge & superfund sitehttps://harpers.org/archive/1998/11/the-radioactive-boy-scout/https://www.dangerouslaboratories.org/radscout.htmlLouise Reiss and the Baby Tooth Surveyhttps://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/bone-seeker.htmlhttps://dhss.delaware.gov/dph/files/strontiumfaq.pdfhttps://www.stltoday.com/lifestyles/health-med-fit/health/decades-later-baby-tooth-survey-legacy-lives-on/article_c5ad9492-fd75-5aed-897f-850fbdba24ee.htmlhttps://www.prismjournal.org/uploads/1/2/5/6/125661607/v11-no1-a1.pdfhttps://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.134.3491.1669https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0721/ML072150423.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Determining biological effects/lethal dose of radiationhttps://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/bio-effects-radiation.htmlhttps://www.science.org/content/article/how-atomic-bomb-survivors-have-transformed-our-understanding-radiation-s-impactshttps://www.rerf.or.jp/en/about/https://dceg.cancer.gov/research/how-we-study/exposure-assessment/nci-dose-estimation-predicted-cancer-risk-residents-marshall-islandshttps://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/genetic-effects-chernobyl-radiation-exposurehttps://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Doses_Classification.htm[Butt One More Thing]Radioactive rabbit poop near Hanfordhttps://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/15/science/earth/15rabbit.html

From mighty lions to postal workers, presidents to pelicans, they all have one thing in common: they were once tiny little babies! And so, too, were all the Tangents panelists, who celebrate their humble, squishy, helpless origins this week by talking all things baby!Witness Hank learn about the "I'm baby" meme, thrill as you find out which Pokemon Yung Gravey most exemplifies, and almost puke at our grossest butt fact yet! Is this our best episode ever? Well, according to Hank it is! And he's the CEO of a company!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Summer is just about over, but we can all cling to those warm, tropical feelings for at least one more week as we strap on our scuba gear and take a dive into the wild world of coral reefs! Scuba!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Coral average sperm per bubblehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4950549/[Fact Off]Deep-sea coral help zooxanthellae photosynthesizehttps://www.scuba.com/blog/explore-the-blue/faascinating-phenomenon-coral-fluorescence/https://elifesciences.org/articles/73521https://www.science.org/content/article/coral-reefs-scatter-light-forestshttps://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-measure-glow-inside-coral-first-timeSnapping shrimp colonies with queenshttps://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/25410/25410.pdfhttps://phys.org/news/2018-03-tradeoffs-weaponry-fecundity-snapping-shrimp.htmlhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193305https://www.jstor.org/stable/1549235https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10937227/https://www.vims.edu/research/units/legacy/marine_biodiversity/resources/Synalpheus%20teaching%20resources.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Artificial reef pros and conshttps://www.doi.gov/blog/artificial-reefs-create-homes-sea-lifehttps://floridakeys.noaa.gov/artificialreefs/effects.htmlhttps://daily.jstor.org/do-artificial-reefs-work/https://hakaimagazine.com/news/for-artificial-coral-reefs-time-is-not-enough/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X2100610Xhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00282/full[Butt One More Thing]Gastrovascular pores aka secret coral buttholeshttps://hmr.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1007/BF02367177.pdf

Did you know that you can go to Patreon.com/SciShowTangents to become a Patron of the show and get cool stuff, like bonus episodes! See what you've been missing this week as we bring you an unlocked bonus episode featuring a devious game by Sam!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Tall buildings, subways, bodegas, rats. These are just some of the things you'll find in cities. Another thing you'll find? Science! From the smelly yet impressive sewers to the smelly yet impressive pigeons, we're covering big city science this week, baby!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Carbon gets a pretty bad rap these days, what with global climate change and, but every living thing on Earth owes their very existence to this multitalented little element! And heck, that's not even all it does! Click play to find out more. SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question] Gigatons of carbon in the atmosphere https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/736161 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336261451_A_Framework_for_Understanding_Whole-Earth_Carbon_Cycling/link/5d99c82da6fdccfd0e7bd8b6/download [Fact Off] Spider/silkworm silk reinforced by carbon https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1806805115 https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/spiders-graphene-silk/ https://newatlas.com/bionic-spider-silk-graphene/50908/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170915165253.htm https://phys.org/news/2016-10-silkworms-fed-carbon-nanotubes-graphene.html https://futurism.com/graphene-fed-silkworms-produce-a-super-strong-silk-that-conducts-electricity https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03597 Carbon foam made from burnt (pyrolyzed) bread https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/foam-material https://www.acsh.org/news/2016/07/08/burnt-bread-makes-an-excellent-carbon-foam https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.6b03985 https://www.fs.usda.gov/features/revolutionary-carbon-foam-wood https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016523701630256X http://www.cfoam.com/wp-content/uploads/Carbon-Foams-amp16111p029-3.pdf [Ask the Science Couch] Eating carbon (pure forms, organic compounds that are/aren’t toxic) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5307002/ ​​https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002817.htm https://www.livescience.com/34190-what-happens-when-you-swallow-a-diamond.html http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMIIA/15.1.1.htm https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/natural-toxins-in-food https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Human_Anatomy_and_Physiology_Preparatory_Course_(Liachovitzky)/03%3A_Molecular_Level-_Biomolecules_the_Organic_Compounds_Associated_With_Living_Organisms/3.01%3A_Organic_Compounds https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750019.html

When it comes to keeping all of your guts and blood inside, skin is second to none! Yet so often is it taken for granted. Today, we fix that by talking about skin for a whole 40 minutes! You're welcome, skin!If you know a kid who loves science, have we go the show for you! It's called SciShow Kids, and it has all the great, rigorously-researched content you expect from SciShow, but for kids! Plus, it has puppets! Check it out at https://www.youtube.com/scishowkids!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Sebaceous gland development https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33354858/https://www.britannica.com/science/sebaceous-gland[Fact Off]Thorny devil lizard skin capillary actionhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.170591https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/219/21/3473/15569/Cutaneous-water-collection-by-a-moisturehttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/this-lizard-can-drink-by-standing-still-in-sand/506288/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/capillary-action-and-waterhttps://organismalbio.biosci.gatech.edu/nutrition-transport-and-homeostasis/plant-transport-processes-i/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00709-014-0715-zDolphins using corals for skincarehttps://ryotanakajima.com/coral-reefs/the-role-of-coral-mucus-101https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/952463https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dolphins-rub-against-mucus-oozing-corals-to-soothe-skin/[Ask the Science Couch]Different regions of skin and skincarehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/#https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482278/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/facial-skinhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732395/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405915/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161018094117.htmhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5849435/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/[Butt One More Thing]Mulesing of merino sheep buttshttps://www.csiro.au/en/research/animals/livestock/managing-flystrike-and-mulesing-in-sheephttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0734975016300167

10....9.... Hey gang, Kids Month is about ready to blast off into space ....8....7....6 but before it does, we have one more topic exploring the childlike wonder of science to cover ....5....4...3 Spaceships! And wouldn't you know it? There's one more seat on our rocket! Climb in!  ....2...1.... Lift off!If you know a kid who loves science, have we go the show for you! It's called SciShow Kids, and it has all the great, rigorously-researched content you expect from SciShow, but for kids! Plus, it has puppets! Check it out at https://www.youtube.com/scishowkids!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]Ariane 5 launcheshttps://www.space.com/39811-bad-coordinates-led-ariane-5-rocket-astray.htmlhttps://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/launch.htmlhttps://jwst.nasa.gov/content/about/faqs/faq.html#whyAriane5https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/01/all-hail-the-ariane-5-rocket-which-doubled-the-webb-telescopes-lifetime/https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESA_history/Ariane_5_the_story_behind_the_100_launches[Fact Off]Cataloging junk around the Moon from Biosphere 2https://news.arizona.edu/story/75m-effort-seeks-prevent-lunar-traffic-jamsArtificial gravity test during Gemini XIhttp://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-exploration/gemini/m-equals-1-all-up-mission-gemini-xi-part-2/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1966-081Ahttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/life-unbounded/watch-the-first-artificial-gravity-experiment/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/capsule-gemini-xi/nasm_A19680260000https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sept-14-1966-gemini-xi-artificial-gravity-experiment[Ask the Science Couch]Gyroscopes in spacecraft (Inertial Navigation Systems)https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2016/03/Gyroscopes_in_spacehttps://science.howstuffworks.com/gyroscope.htmhttp://www.aerostudents.com/courses/avionics/InertialNavigationSystems.pdfhttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100021932https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st6/TECHNOLOGY/mems.htmlhttps://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/propulsion/2-what-is-attitude-control.html[Butt One More Thing]Project Mercury butt moldshttps://www.wired.com/2009/08/astronautbutts/https://www.wired.com/2010/07/nasa-archive-astronaut-butt-mold-inspection/

Kids Month floats on as we talk about possibly our lightest subject ever: bubbles! Pop in to learn what makes a simple soapy membrane so fascinating to kid and adult like! If you know a kid who loves science, have we go the show for you! It's called SciShow Kids, and it has all the great, rigorously-researched content you expect from SciShow, but for kids! Plus, it has puppets! Check it out at https://www.youtube.com/scishowkids!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Deboki: @okidoki_boki[Trivia Question]Perfect bubble wand perimeterhttps://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2018/august/researchers-uncover-the-science-behind-blowing-bubbles.htmlhttps://arstechnica.com/science/2018/09/theres-now-an-even-more-precise-recipe-for-blowing-the-perfect-bubble/[Fact Off]Tadpole bubble-sucking to breathehttps://www.instagram.com/p/B9AO801nrJI/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226130510.htmMicroscopic “rockets” propelled by a bubble and sound waveshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/634184https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aax3084http://brennen.caltech.edu/fluidbook/multiphase/Bubbleordroplettranslation/bjerknesforces.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Air bubbles in needles (unintentional or intentional)https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/air-embolism/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2734897/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542192/https://starship.org.nz/guidelines/agitated-saline-bubble-study-for-the-detection-of-an-intrapulmonary-or/https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/what-is-a-bubble-study[Butt One More Thing]Polymers in laxatives make big soap bubbleshttps://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/physicists-discover-why-this-bubble-solution-makes-monster-bubbles​https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/02/physicists-determine-the-optimal-soap-recipe-for-blowing-gigantic-bubbles/https://journals.aps.org/prfluids/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.013304

Sometimes, when you're making a podcast with 3 hosts, one of those hosts is going to get sick for two weeks and totally mess up Kids Month. So this week, we humbly present a classic episode that happens to be about something kids love: candy! Grab your favorite snack and join us on this sugary journey to the past!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Kids month continues with maybe THE most-beloved-by-children scientific topic of all time: dinosaurs! Come on a journey back in time to learn about the giant guys who used to stomp around and eat each other all over planet Earth!And, as if that's not good enough, we're joined by Tangents editorial assistant Deboki Chakravarti! If you need more Deboki in your life, you can listen to her podcast, Tiny Matter, here: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/tiny-matters.htmlIf you know a kid who loves science, have we go the show for you! It's called SciShow Kids, and it has all the great, rigorously-researched content you expect from SciShow, but for kids! Plus, it has puppets! Check it out at https://www.youtube.com/scishowkids!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Deboki: @okidoki_boki[Trivia Question]Mamenchisaurus pounds of plant life consumed per dayhttps://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/12/science/12dinosaurs.html[Fact Off]Prosthetic tails on chickens to study dinosaur gaitPossible supersonic whip-like tails in sauropods https://daily.jstor.org/apatosaurus-tail-break-sound-barrier/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2401127?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/dinosaurs-in-motionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2830450/http://goriely.com/wp-content/uploads/2002-PRLwhip-1.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Dinosaurs that have changed names (apato/bronto, triceratops/torosaurus)https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-brontosaurus-is-back1/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/571498https://peerj.com/articles/857/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0081608https://gizmodo.com/the-first-scientific-name-ever-given-to-a-dinosaur-foss-5955550https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2018/08/31/why-do-scientific-names-change-kiokio-by-any-other-name/

This month on SciShow Tangents, we're celebrating the sense of childlike wonder present in science by discussing a bunch of stuff kids like! We're calling it Kids Month, naturally, and we're kicking it off by talking about a thing all kids (and lots of animals) love to do: play! And if you know a kid who loves science, have we go the show for you! It's called SciShow Kids, and it has all the great, rigorously-researched content you expect from SciShow, but for kids! Plus, it has puppets! Check it out at https://www.youtube.com/scishowkids!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

We here on SciShow Tangents may have the market cornered on science podcasting, but that doesn't mean we know everything. Put us in a lab, and we're like fish in water! But put us in a library, with all those big tall shelves and the Dewey Decimal System, and we're like a fish not-in-water! So we called in our friend, podcast, theologian, and noted book-reader Vanessa Zoltan to help us learn more about books!Learn more about Vanessa and her myriad of projects at her website, and follow her on Twitter @vanessamzoltan! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Inspired by last week's episode about beaches, we decided to take the week off and catch some rays. Please enjoy this encore presentation of our episode on Waves, and we'll be back next week!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Summer is here, which means it's time to visit everyone's favorite geological feature consisting of a strip of land covered in loose particles, existing exclusively alongside a body of water ! That's right, pack your trunks, cause today we're hitting the beach! SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Goose-scaring droneshttps://www.livescience.com/39146-canada-geese-drone.html[Fact Off]Waterproof chemicals (PFASes) in tides https://www.inverse.com/science/sea-spray-is-toxichttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/937518https://massivesci.com/articles/pfas-chemical-ocean-mammals-fish-dolphins-wildlife/Salish wooly dogshttps://monova.ca/senaqwila-wyss-on-the-salish-woolly-dogs/https://hakaimagazine.com/features/the-dogs-that-grew-wool-and-the-people-who-love-themhttps://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/a-woolly-talehttps://research.library.mun.ca/14680/1/thesis.pdfhttps://www.science.org/content/article/native-american-blankets-made-dog-hair[Ask the Science Couch]Beached cetaceans (and orcas/catfish that intentionally strand themselves)https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/why-do-whales-beach-themselveshttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/whales-mass-stranding-australia/556400/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/774692https://hakaimagazine.com/news/salish-sea-killer-whales-have-a-surprising-new-way-of-hunting/https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/z91-383  https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/the-catfish-that-strands-itself-to-kill-pigeonshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050840[Butt One More Thing]Lugworm casts made of sandhttps://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/lugworm-poos-and-the-secrets-they-hold.htmlhttps://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife-explorer/marine/worms/lugworm

Cars need it, trains need it, and guess what? People need it, too! Can you deduce the answer to my devious riddle? That's right, it's fuel! Fill up your tank, cause we're going on a trip to learn all about the things that keep other things going, from coal to tuna sandwiches and everything in between!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]New York Times rocket fuel correctionhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/95-years-ago-goddard-s-first-liquid-fueled-rockethttps://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/14/news/150th-anniversary-1851-2001-the-facts-that-got-away.html[Fact Off]Nuclear carshttps://www.greencarreports.com/news/1066000_txchnologist-thorium-lasers-thoroughly-plausible-for-nuclear-carshttps://www.thedrive.com/news/41103/heres-why-the-nuclear-powered-1958-ford-nucleon-never-entered-productionhttps://www.autoweek.com/news/a1988761/are-laser-powered-cars-our-future/Fuel cell breathalyzers https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-batteries-store-an/https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cellshttps://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/did-you-know-history/breathalyzer-there-was-drunkometerhttps://blog.history.in.gov/tag/breathalyzer/https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/breathalyzers-of-the-future-today/277249/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857179/[Ask the Science Couch]Chlorophyll in photovoltaic cells/solar powerhttps://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?Lab=NCER&dirEntryId=187266http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chlorophyll_h.htmhttps://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/5-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01673-whttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plants-versus-photovoltaics-at-capturing-sunlight/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/762519[Butt One More Thing]Human waste converted into biomethane fuelhttps://www.npr.org/2016/01/01/461692939/from-poop-to-power-colorado-explores-new-sources-of-renewable-energyhttps://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/fart-powered-vw-beetle-tested-in-uk/

When I was a kid, everything was on paper. Books were on paper, magazines were on paper, newspapers were on, you guessed it, paper. Nowadays, everything's on the internet, but you can still find paper if you know where to look!Note: The podcast ad for the IMPACT app is unscripted and being recorded live. It may contain some slight differences. Please visit https://impact.interactivebrokers.com/ for full details of products and services. Interactive Brokers, LLC member FINRA/SIPC.The projections or other information generated by IMPACT app regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Please note that results may vary with use of the tool over time.The paid ad host experiences and testimonials within the Podcast may not be representative of the experiences of other customers and are not to be considered guarantees of future performance or success. The opinions provided within the ad belong to the host alone.SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]https://www.adelaide.edu.au/library/special/exhibitions/cover-to-cover/papyrus/[Trivia Question]Margaret E. Knight’s paper grocery bagshttps://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/margaret-e-knight-and-charles-b-stilwell-flat-bottomed-paper-bag-1870s-1880s/https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2010/11/03/in-the-bag/https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/margaret-knighthttps://www.invent.org/inductees/margaret-e-knight[Fact Off]Rag paper and mummy linen in the 1800shttps://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2019/12/europes-morbid-mummy-craze-has-been-an-obsession-for-centurieshttps://uh.edu/engines/epi1227.htmhttps://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=3874https://bookpatrol.net/has-this-library-solved-the-mystery-of-the-mummy-paper/Cellulose nanocrystal films from waste paperhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639556/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13369-022-06609-8https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266689392100075Xhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.625878/full#Image of biodegrading film: https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/625878/fpls-12-625878-HTML/image_m/fpls-12-625878-g006.jpghttps://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/glitterhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-021-01135-8[Ask the Science Couch]Smell of new books and paperhttps://www.compoundchem.com/2014/06/01/newoldbooksmell/https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/whats-that-smell-youre-readinghttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/that-old-book-smell-is-a-mix-of-grass-and-vanilla-710038/https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=669&toxid=124#https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1309104220302051https://www.ucop.edu/risk-services/_files/bsas/safetymeetings/ozonefrprinters.pdfhttps://help.brother-usa.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/58097/~/the-printer-produces-a-faint-smell-or-odor-when-printing.-what-can-i-do%3F[Butt One More Thing]Gayetty’s medicated toilet paperhttps://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.13400600https://www.findagrave.com/photos/2013/61/106087826_136230829409.jpghttps://books.google.com/books?id=yXY0yQnvmmUC&pg=PA679#v=onepage&q&f=false

When, in nature, two little guys are benefiting off each other one way or another, we call that symbiosis. But, if you think about it too hard, you start to realize that everything in nature is benefitting off some other thing in nature somehow and come to the conclusion that all of Earth is a giant symbiotic relationship! To that I say: simply try not to think about it too hard!SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Figs and fig wasp cheating prevention https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635526/https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/fig_wasp.shtmlhttps://news.cornell.edu/stories/2010/01/figs-kill-wasp-larvae-when-wasps-do-not-pollinate-figshttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2009.2157Magnetotactic bacteria in tissues of animals with magnetoreception  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/09/200914112224.htm[Ask the Science Couch]Symbioses with more than 2 organismshttps://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/species-interactions-and-competition-102131429/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8331144/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17255511/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/06/27/sea-slugs-use-algaes-bacterial-weapons-factory-three-way-symbiotic-relationshiphttps://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2016/Q3/yeast-emerges-as-hidden-third-partner-in-lichen-symbiosis.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-drives-a-sloths-ritualistic-trek-to-poop-180949419/[Butt One More Thing]Crab that lives in sea urchin rectumPicture: https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/arthropods/crabs/echinoecus-pentagonus.htmhttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/11997https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022098178800070https://askabiologist.asu.edu/sea-urchin-anatomy

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! From big, slimy earthworms to microscopic C. elegans, worms are everywhere... or are they? It turns out, as is often the case on Tangents, that everything you thought you knew about worms is a lie, up to and including their very existence!Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Dave the longest earthwormhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/nov/04/uk-biggest-worm-record-breaking-in-cheshire[Fact Off]Geosmin smells like danger to C. eleganshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220405143530.htmhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35323022/Ice worms in glaciershttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1097-4687(200012)246:3%3C192::AID-JMOR3%3E3.0.CO;2-Bhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10930-020-09889-xhttps://glaciers.nichols.edu/iceworm/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/amazing-ice-worms-threatened-melting-glaciershttps://www.npr.org/2021/07/13/1011376403/its-summer-and-that-means-the-mysterious-return-of-glacier-ice-worms[Ask the Science Couch]Invasive earthworms in North Americahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003807170600527Xhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-006-9019-3http://genesee.cce.cornell.edu/agriculture/natural-resources/invasive-pests/jumping-worm-amynthas-spphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038071720302510https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Invasives/fact/jumpingWorm.htmlInvasive flatworms that prey on earthwormshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5969052/https://eastland.agrilife.org/invasive-hammerhead-flatworms/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3858619[Butt One More Thing]Largest human coprolite has parasitic wormshttps://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lloyds-bank-coprolitehttps://www.theguardian.com/careers/2016/may/12/paleoscatologists-dig-up-stools-as-precious-as-the-crown-jewelshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/51Et55R_RuCmabtTgQllzQ

We're hard at work on a cool new project, but we needed a little extra time to work on it! So this week, please enjoy a rerun of the all-time classic Pee episode!And did you know there's a video version of this episode? You can check it out here!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Last week we talked about boring old rocks on the ground. This week, we're again talking rocks, but these are rocks... from SPACE!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]2020 QG asteroid flybyhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asteroid-makes-the-closest-earth-flyby-a-space-rock-has-ever-survived/[Fact Off]Libyan desert glasshttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5196362.stmhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022309384901777?via%3Dihubhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/7/609/570318/Overestimation-of-threat-from-100-Mt-class?redirectedFrom=fulltexthttps://www.mindat.org/min-39796.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X13004998Hopewell asteroid event https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/did-debris-from-a-comet-airburst-devastate-an-early-native-american-culture-180979523/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-05758-yhttps://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2022/02/did-comets-fiery-destruction-lead-to-downfall-of-ancient-hopewell.html[Ask the Science Couch]Asteroid belt won’t become a planethttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-science-fiction-movies/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2256597V/abstracthttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/asteroids/in-depth/https://lasp.colorado.edu/outerplanets/kbos_dwarfplanets.phphttps://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/origin?show=hs_origin_story_jupiters-influencehttps://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-asteroid-belt-wreckage-of-a-destroyed-planet-or-something-elsehttps://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/k/Kirkwood+Gaps[Butt One More Thing]Meteorism medical condition fartshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430851/https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/meteorism

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic... need I say more? Welcome to SciShow Tangents or, as I like to call it, Rock Talk. Note: The podcast ad for the IMPACT app is unscripted and being recorded live. It may contain some slight differences. Please visit https://impact.interactivebrokers.com/ for full details of products and services. Interactive Brokers, LLC member FINRA/SIPC.The projections or other information generated by IMPACT app regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Please note that results may vary with use of the tool over time.The paid ad host experiences and testimonials within the Podcast may not be representative of the experiences of other customers and are not to be considered guarantees of future performance or success. The opinions provided within the ad belong to the host alone.Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Stonehenge sarsen vs. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnsonhttps://www.livescience.com/22427-stonehenge-facts.html[Fact Off]Microgranite used for curling stoneshttp://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/505002/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91856/ailsa-craighttps://olympics.com/en/news/the-remarkable-properties-and-origins-of-the-olympic-curling-stonehttps://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/getting-to-the-core-of-olympic-curling-stones/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043164813000732Solitary bees drilling into sandstonehttps://eos.org/articles/rock-chomping-bees-burrow-into-sandstonehttps://www.earthmagazine.org/article/busy-bee-new-species-bee-quarries-sandstone/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(16)30902-2[Ask the Science Couch]Licking rocks or bonehttps://www.discovery.com/science/Difference-Between-Rock-Fossilhttps://www.clemson.edu/public/geomuseum/specimen_id/id_tool.htmlhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018WR023233https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/wettabilityhttps://twitter.com/mikamckinnon/status/1030188006966214660?s=20&t=_yJPJKVlGOpjTIMLy4y4mghttps://voices.pomona.edu/2013/11/on-the-merits-of-licking-rocks/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stick-with-it-put-your-duct-tape-to-the-test/[Butt One More Thing]Limestone-eating and sand-pooping shipwormhttps://www.sciencealert.com/a-newly-discovered-genus-of-shipworm-eats-holes-into-rocks-and-poops-out-sandhttps://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/incredible-rock-eating-shipworm-is-first-of-its-kindhttps://seahistory.org/sea-history-for-kids/ship-worm-clam/

Get a jump start on Earth Day by joining us as we discuss garbage's sexy, complicated little brother: recycling! Grab the NordVPN deal ➼ https://nordvpn.com/TANGENTSTry it risk-free now with a 30-day money-back guarantee!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Minnesota paper waste ballhttps://www.pca.state.mn.us/featured/worlds-largest-wad-paper-0[Fact Off]Palimpsests (reusing parchment, but also documenting microbes)https://www.abaa.org/blog/post/the-history-of-vellum-and-parchmenthttps://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/07/how-monks-remixed-technology-in-the-middle-ages/373956/http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/about/imaging/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.170988https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-014-0481-7Pressure-sensitive, reusable tape inspired by housefly feethttps://www.howitworksdaily.com/how-is-adhesive-tape-made/https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/biomechanics/172099/shoe-flyhttps://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i42/Adhesive-Tape.html[Ask the Science Couch]Sevier County (Dollywood and Gatlinburg) composting/waste managementhttps://www.seviersolidwaste.com/http://www.louisianaweekly.com/dollywoods-environmental-solution/https://www.zankerrecycling.com/sites/default/files/biocycle-nov-2010.pdfhttps://www.biocycle.net/mixed-waste-composting-facilities-review-2/https://greenblue.org/reloop-what-is-mixed-waste-processing-or-all-in-onedirty-mrf-recycling/http://compost.css.cornell.edu/MSWFactSheets/msw.fs6.html[Butt One More Thing]Iron nutrient recycling through whale poophttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00356.x/abstracthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16370118

Spring is a soft and fluffy time of year, what with all the baby chicks and bunnies bopping around, so we here at Tangents are seizing the opportunity to talk about the softest, cutest, most huggable science there is!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]MLB baseball yarn yardagehttps://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-woolhttps://bleacherreport.com/articles/1676509-the-evolution-of-the-baseball-from-the-dead-ball-era-through-todayhttps://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/04/09/83408264.html?pageNumber=43[Fact Off]Saturn moon Methone and fluffy icehttps://gizmodo.com/the-weird-ways-nasa-thought-moon-dust-might-kill-apollo-1836459545https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/saturn-moons/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&placeholder=Enter+moon+name&condition_1=38%3Aparent_id&condition_2=moon%3Abody_type%3Ailikehttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23560-astrophile-saturns-egg-moon-methone-is-made-of-fluff/Milk fiber (made from casein)Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyLnKz7uNMQhttps://ecoworldonline.com/what-is-milk-fiber-yarn/http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ajee.20190902.02.htmlhttps://www.milkgenomics.org/?splash=back-to-the-future-milk-fibers-in-the-21st-centuryhttps://www.ijcmas.com/abstractview.php?ID=7406&vol=7-4-2018&SNo=140https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/lanital-milk-dress-qmilch[Ask the Science Couch]Cat fur vs dog furhttps://cdn.citl.illinois.edu/courses/ANSC207/week2/hair_coat/web_data/slides_and_notes.htmhttps://animaldiversity.org/collections/mammal_anatomy/hair/https://www.uakron.edu/im/news/how-biomechanics-research-led-to-a-hairbrush-inspired-by-a-cat-tonguehttps://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1809544115https://texaswolfdogproject.org/resources/phenotyping/what-is-phenotyping/coat-and-color[Butt One More Thing]Moth coremata butt feathershttps://www.wired.com/2013/12/this-is-not-a-penis/https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/leps/bella_moth.htmPicture: https://www.mothidentification.com/creatonotos-gangis.htm

Someone can get on your nerves. You can have nerves of steel. Heck, they can even be frayed! But have you ever wondered what nerves actually are? If so, you've come to the right place! This week, our dear friend and contributor Deboki Chakravarti (@okidoki_boki) stops by to join the fun, and Ceri hosts for the first time ever! Don't miss it!Grab the NordVPN deal ➼ https://nordvpn.com/TANGENTS Try it risk-free now with a 30-day money-back guarantee!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Electric rays/low voltages to treat painful nerveshttps://www.mjrheum.org/assets/files/792/file60_974.pdfhttps://arthritis.ca/living-well/2019/women,-arthritis-and-neuropathic-painhttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/15840-transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tenshttps://www.nhs.uk/conditions/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens/Mouse tail galvanoscope (sciatic nerve)https://books.google.com/books?id=SJNMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/brightfield/mousetail.htmlhttps://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid=p01382Electrically stimulating tastebuds https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307523/http://longevity3.stanford.edu/design-challenge-winners-announced/[Trivia Question]Glaucoma retinal nerve fiber layerhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00417-022-05619-4[Fact Off]C. elegans auditory nerveshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/02/220223103054.htmhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/928925[Ask the Science Couch]Paresthesia aka pins and needles https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=58https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paresthesia-Information-Pagehttps://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/march/paraesthesia-and-peripheral-neuropathyhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735610362950https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5384201/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107385840200800209[Butt One More Thing]Sciatic butt nervehttps://www.scielo.br/j/acb/a/rwFj4BBy4p35XbfKDLNFLkx/?lang=enhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/symptoms-causes/syc-20377435#:~:text=The%20sciatic%20nerves%20branches%20from,one%20side%20of%20your%20body.https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12792-sciatica

It's Spring Breeeaaaak baby, and we're taking the day off! Enjoy this classic episode on Flowers so you'll know all you need to know when they start blooming! See you next week!Note: The podcast ad for the IMPACT app is unscripted and being recorded live. It may contain some slight differences. Please visit https://impact.interactivebrokers.com/ for full details of products and services. Interactive Brokers, LLC member FINRA/SIPC.The projections or other information generated by IMPACT app regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Please note that results may vary with use of the tool over time.The paid ad host experiences and testimonials within the Podcast may not be representative of the experiences of other customers and are not to be considered guarantees of future performance or success. The opinions provided within the ad belong to the host alone.Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

From shells to hives to holes in the ground, most animals have a place to call home. And today, we're paying them all a visit! So open up, cause Science is knocking and it needs to use your bathroom!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Machine learning saving kilowatt-hourshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765259/[Fact Off]Cichlid fish dream houses (for conservation) https://www.mpg.de/14854482/3d-printing-cichlidshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/if-fish-could-build-its-own-home-what-would-it-look-like-180976172/Devil’s garden - lemon ant & rainforest tree symbiosis  https://news.stanford.edu/news/2005/september28/devil-092805.htmlhttps://www.nature.com/articles/437495ahttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/606022?journalCode=anhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2124481/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2459556[Ask the Science Couch]Estimate of how many animals there are​​https://www.nationalgeographic.com/newsletters/animals/article/how-many-species-have-not-found-december-26https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/article/61/5/871/1734723Animals that are parasites https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0324https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/animals-evolution-parasites-ed-yonghttps://www.audubon.org/news/the-brilliant-ways-parasitic-birds-terrorize-their-victimsConstructing homes (natural & artificial)https://www.naturepl.com/pictures/pdfs/NPL_Architecture.pdfhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34269510/  [Butt One More Thing]Snail shell poop + African swine fever virushttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35151121/https://www.carnegiemnh.org/science/mollusks/dietbehavior.html

Grass... money... Ninja Turtles... some of the best things in the world are all the same color: green! This week, we're taking a deeper look at this most verdant of colors. Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Definition]https://www.wired.com/2012/06/the-crayola-fication-of-the-world-how-we-gave-colors-names-and-it-messed-with-our-brains-part-ii/  [Truth or Fail][Trivia Question]Green spaces reduce systolic blood pressurehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969721075914?via%3Dihubhttps://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm#:~:text=The%20second%20number%2C%20called%20diastolic,%E2%80%9C120%2F80%20mmHg.%E2%80%9D[Fact Off]Green glacier mysteryhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/icebergs-can-be-emerald-green-now-we-know-why?loggedin=truehttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/859296Emerald ash borer pest control by biomimicry and electrocutionhttps://ag.umass.edu/landscape/fact-sheets/emerald-ash-borerhttps://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/resources/pests-diseases/hungry-pests/the-threat/emerald-ash-borer/emerald-ash-borer-beetlehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01496-8https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/femme-fatale-emerald-ash-borer-decoy-lures-kills-males/https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1412810111[Ask the Science Couch]U.S. green paper moneyhttps://www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca/2019/02/the-canadian-roots-of-the-greenback/https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/artifact/hr-240-legal-tender-act-february-25-1862https://www.moneyfactory.gov/resources/faqs.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/important-improvement-in-bank-note/https://cite.case.law/barb/56/84/https://cite.case.law/barb/56/96/[Butt One More Thing]Orb weaver buttshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spider_-_Eriophora_nephiloides,_Caves_Branch_Jungle_Lodge,_Belmopan,_Belize.jpghttps://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4263&context=etd

Back in my day, a computer was a computer: It was big, tan, and was plugged into your living room wall. But now we've got computer cars, computer phones, even computer lightbulbs! And that's great! But I think we better keep an eye on them all, just in case...Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

We kick off Season 4 by getting up close and personal with Earth's other, less popular, more mysterious neighbor: Venus!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Venera missionshttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-060Ahttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology_venus.html[Fact Off]Venus tables & Maya Codex of Mexicohttps://www.mesoweb.com/articles/Coe_etal/Fourth_Codex.pdfhttps://www.brown.edu/news/2016-09-07/mayacodexhttps://www.inah.gob.mx/boletines/7497-inah-ratifica-al-codice-maya-de-mexico-antes-llamado-grolier-como-el-manuscrito-autentico-mas-antiguo-de-americahttps://www.news.ucsb.edu/2016/017062/mayan-momentPhosphene/ammonia on Venus (and microbial life possibility)https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/938538https://news.mit.edu/2020/life-venus-phosphine-0914https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/14/science/venus-life-clouds.htmlhttps://news.mit.edu/2021/newer-nimbler-faster-mission-venus-search-signs-life-clouds-sulfuric-acid-1210https://venuscloudlife.com/venus-life-finder-mission-study/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7381915/https://www.pnas.org/content/118/52/e2110889118[Ask the Science Couch]Pictures of the surface of Venushttps://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/v09_lander_proc.htmlhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/venera-13/in-depth/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/sun/parker-solar-probe-captures-its-first-images-of-venus-surface-in-visible-light-confirmedhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ueMGZTezfYhttps://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/exploring-the-planets/online/solar-system/venus/magellan.cfmhttps://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3728https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/parker-solar-probe-instruments[Butt One More Thing]Venus cloacina goddesshttps://drainfast.co.uk/blog/cloacina-goddess-sewers/https://books.google.com/books?id=SYqFBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q&f=false

Season 3 has come to a close, and the Tangents crew is taking a week off. While we scour the World Wide Web for all new, mind-blowing science facts, enjoy this classic episode about the Internet!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

It's all led up to this! We usually relegate our butt facts to the end of episodes, but this week we're giving butts the respect they deserve. It's butts all the way down, baby!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

The Season 3 finale draws ever nearer, but before we get to that big beautiful Butt episode, we need to make a detour to those nifty tools on the ends of our limbs: hands and feet!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Heel-toe or toe-heel runninghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31525171/[Fact Off]Trench foot and (possibly, tenuously) water balloonshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482364/https://www.wemjournal.org/article/S1080-6032(06)70334-9/fulltexthttps://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD0666752https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012821606400017Xhttp://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2049243_2048654_2049039,00.html[Ask the Science Couch]Nail care evolution/historyhttps://www.britannica.com/story/how-do-monkeys-and-apes-trim-their-fingernailshttps://theconversation.com/curious-kids-why-do-we-have-fingernails-and-toenails-110989https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/science/ancient-primates-had-grooming-claws/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248417305134https://tedium.co/2017/02/07/fingernail-trimming-history/[Butt One More Thing]Bidets and poopy handshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29709985/

Season 3 of Tangents is drawing to a close, and we're celebrating by taking a long, top to bottom (literally) look at bodies! To kick us off, we'll be appreciating that brain-holding, eye-having, mouth-possessing orb on top of almost all necks on Earth: the head. Thank you, the head! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Embalming head diameterhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021929009001444?via%3Dihub[Fact Off]Chicken heads for rabies oral vaccineshttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/12/that-time-europe-air-dropped-vaccine-loaded-chicken-heads-to-bait-rabid-foxes/417951/ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1982.tb01237.xhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31927421/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=mUu6o7SiSZ8C&lpg=PA71&ots=SlWS7Vyp4u&dq=getting+rid+of+rabies+switzerland&pg=PA71&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.500.9910&rep=rep1&type=pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614052/Alligator stick hats https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/crocodiles-and-their-ilk-may-be-smarter-than-they-look/2013/12/06/1084cf28-5d2c-11e3-bc56-c6ca94801fac_story.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/what-do-croc-tools-mean-for-dinosaur-innovation?loggedin=truehttps://www.livescience.com/41898-alligators-crocodiles-use-tools.htmlhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/alligators-dont-play-pick-up-sticks-to-lure-lunch/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24750-zoologger-alligators-use-tools-to-lure-in-bird-prey/[Ask the Science Couch] Blood-brain barrierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4292164/https://www.rndsystems.com/research-area/blood--brain-barrier-permeabilityhttps://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-2-the-abcs-of-intoxication/content-getting-alcohol-to-the-brain-crossing-the-blood-brain-barrier/https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-9-S1-S3https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3494002/[Butt One More Thing]Amblyopsidae/cavefish head anushttps://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/scientist-names-blind-fish-with-neck-anus-after-his-favorite-teamhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=3824http://webhome.auburn.edu/~armbrjw/Amblyopsidae.pdf

The pointiest birds in the wild blue yonder finally get their due! Join us to learn all of these lethal birds killer secrets, and to discover their hidden softer sides. Some use teamwork! Some keep pets! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Definition]https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-raptor-research/volume-53/issue-4/0892-1016-53.4.419/Commentary-Defining-Raptors-and-Birds-of-Prey/10.3356/0892-1016-53.4.419.full  [Trivia Question]Alkyl mercury in goshawkshttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-013-1128-zhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4312117?casa_token=3PPQWWTwiYAAAAAA%3A7giiI7DEJGZCee8kh5vBBGP51efUFHyxLFdfDGHESY1plAdhTZLY8F5sua8iP5JMNYzhZaNZRjWpC9gYSiKEeZo5sU_BxcEbUk38ZTwCEA37g9mOpHo&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents[Fact Off]Bald eagle cyanobacteria toxin mysteryhttps://www.livescience.com/eagle-killing-mystery-disease-solved.htmlhttps://www.inverse.com/science/mystery-behind-mass-bald-eagle-deaths-solvedScreech owls & threadsnakeshttps://www.audubon.org/news/what-would-screech-owl-want-blind-snakehttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4218201?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://landscapeipm.tamu.edu/what-is-ipm/ipm-concepts/pest-identification/good-bug-bad-bug/neither/texas-blind-snake/http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Leptotyphlops_dulcis/https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/eastern-screech-owl[Ask the Science Couch]Harris’s hawks (social raptors)https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Harriss_Hawk/overviewhttps://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/harriss-hawkhttps://bioone.org/journals/the-auk/volume-130/issue-3/auk.2013.120063/Reexamining-Cooperative-Hunting-in-Harriss-Hawk-Parabuteo-unicinctus--Large/10.1525/auk.2013.120063.full[Butt One More Thing]Anthrax in raptor cloacashttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17347404/

These little, bubbly guys help us make such perennial favorites as 'bread' and 'beer.' If you're saying to yourself "what is yeast, Alex," I got good news for you: you're right! Come learn about the microscopic fungus amung us on this week's Tangents!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Yeast mitotic arresthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255140/[Fact Off]Stinking hellebore flower and yeast relationshiphttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2871880/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527473-900-stinky-flower-is-kept-warm-by-yeast-partner/#ixzz7HEPFjzKBFruit fly and yeast relationshiphttps://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(14)00777-3https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0196440https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4556146/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0300962983906011https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(12)00075-9https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/fruit-flies-use-alcohol-to-self-medicate-but-feel-bad-about-it-afterwards/[Ask the Science Couch]History of yeasthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/yeastshttp://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Spinoza/Texts/WAW%20Moll%20Antonie%20van%20Leeuwenhoek.htmhttps://books.google.com/books?id=gy_SAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228https://books.google.com/books?id=XILwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&lpg=PA72http://e-malt.com/statistics/ScientificDigest/Beginnings_of_microbiology_and_biochemistry_yeast_research.pdf

We're back, baby! And we're seeing double! Ring in the new-ish year with us as we reflect on mirrors!Deboki is hosting a new podcast called Tiny Matters! It’s a science podcast about “the little stuff that makes the big stuff possible!” You can subscribe here! And be sure to follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_bokiHead to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[The Scientific Definition]Heliographhttps://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2014/04/world-war-i-in-photos-technology/507305/https://www.nps.gov/fobo/learn/historyculture/the-heliograph.htmhttps://books.google.com/books?id=RBC2nY1rp5MC&q=heliograph&pg=PA211#v=snippet&q=heliograph&f=falsePseudoscope http://waywiser.fas.harvard.edu/objects/3538/combination-stereoscope-telestereoscope-and-pseudoscope;jsessionid=ADBDCEF0ECA144094F58FDB5779EB61Bhttps://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/cinematic/3/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_QMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA146&dq=pseudoscope&as_brr=1#v=onepage&q=pseudoscope&f=falseEtalon  http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/fabry.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/etalonshttps://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-5-6-985Reflecting circlehttps://amhistory.si.edu/navigation/type.cfm?typeid=5https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstl.1801.0019Pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting_instrument#Reflecting_circles[Trivia Question]James Webb Space Telescope mirrorshttps://webb.nasa.gov/content/observatory/ote/mirrors/index.htmlhttps://spaceplace.nasa.gov/telescopes/en/[Fact Off]Enantiomers (mirror versions of chemical compounds)https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2004/ch_4.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/space/must-all-molecules-life-be-left-handed-or-right-handed-180959956/https://www.diabetes.co.uk/blog/2015/06/the-version-of-sugar-that-wont-affect-your-blood-glucose-levels-and-why-you-cant-have-it/https://www.wired.com/2003/11/newsugar/The Venus Effect (mirror sight-lines) https://www.bertamini.org/lab/venus.htmlhttps://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Venus-effect-in-real-life-and-in-photographs-Bertamini-Lawson/c6d67537323365e8fdae3c7e1b02635c7b1901aa/figure/3[Ask the Science Couch]Super efficient mirrors https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-physical-proc/https://news.mit.edu/1998/mirrorhttp://www.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/12/19/laser.surgery/index.htmlhttps://physicsworld.com/a/crystalline-supermirrors-cut-optical-losses/https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=14069[Butt One More Thing]Mirror test IBShttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3617051/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16258235/

SciShow Tangents is off again this week, but since it's a new year and all, we thought this was the perfect opportunity to rerun our episode all about ways humans have devised to measure time! See you for a new episode next week!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

SciShow Tangents is taking a couple weeks off for the holidays, but we aren't gonna leave you hanging! This week, we present an unlocked Patreon patron bonus episode in which we try to stump Ceri with a barrage of science and pop culture questions!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

The Tangents crew gets lightly festive as they talk about the increasingly-less-cold tippity-top and bippity-bottom of good old planet Earth!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Plant species in Arctichttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21988606/[Fact Off]Old Seeds!https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/120221-oldest-seeds-regenerated-plants-science?loggedin=truehttps://www.pnas.org/content/109/10/4008Camel ancestors living in Arctichttps://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/the-camel-an-arctic-animalhttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/camel-ancestors-lived-arctichttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2516https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379111001661#https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/fun-facts-about-reindeer-and-caribou[Ask the Science Couch]Animals/plants in polar night https://www.popsci.com/how-do-animals-survive-polar-night/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/03/arctic-marine-life-polar-night/474870/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110526064627.htmhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-are-reindeer-eyes-golden-in-summer-but-blue-in-winterhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215014323Animals/plants in midnight sunhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2921307/https://www.livescience.com/62870-summer-solstice-animals.htmlhttps://uphere.ca/articles/what-does-24-hours-light-do-animalshttps://www.alaskacenters.gov/explore/attractions/midnight-sun/effectshttps://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/polar-plants/plants-of-the-arctic-and-antarctic[Butt One More Thing]Poop bacteria in Antarcticahttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25451839/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4908950/

We’ve talked about all sorts of living things. Bugs, for instance. And plants… elephants… the list goes on. But what we haven’t discussed is the thing that all of those animals are made of: cells! What are they? Why are they? Answers to half those questions await you!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]B. natans number of geneshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24502779/https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/Completion-FAQhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6085824/[Fact Off]Streptococcus disguises itself as red blood cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801066/https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/886535https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/harmful-bacteria-masquerade-red-blood-cells-evade-immune-system-180973678/Ciliate nuclei + genetics (O. trifallax/S. histriomuscorum)https://www.wired.com/2014/09/oxytricha-encrypted-genome/http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=427777https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(14)00984-2https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001473https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2647009/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3558436/[Ask the Science Couch]Cell movement & motor proteinshttps://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/microtubules-and-filaments-14052932/https://www.pnas.org/content/108/51/20275https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4812444/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893118/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/comments/S0960-9822(98)70264-7https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26867/[Butt One More Thing]Buttock cellshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2787452/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12308-013-0175-yhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6888610/

Snakes get a bad rap. Sure they’re slithery, venomous, silent killers… but they have some nice qualities, too! We don’t talk about many of those nice qualities in this episode, but they do exist. Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Gliding snakes jumping or nothttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21816808/https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Kukuri snakes disembowelhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/639331https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/881934https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-mvmk_PDzKwhttps://snakesarelong.blogspot.com/2012/06/snakes-that-chew-their-food.htmlPython heart growing and shrinkinghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16002308/https://www.nature.com/articles/434037a?proof=thttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/python-heart-food-news-animalshttps://cob.silverchair-cdn.com/cob/content_public/journal/jeb/211/24/10.1242_jeb.023754/3/3767.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383835/https://www.livescience.com/16764-python-hearts-treat-human-cardiac-disease.html[Ask the Science Couch]Snake locomotionVideos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDDha9MxIDob8lOcy8UMC1g/videoshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7391877/https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/221/4/jeb166199/33944/Crawling-without-wiggling-muscular-mechanisms-andhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180112132922.htm  https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/invasive-brown-tree-snakes-stun-scientists-amazing-new-climbing-tactic-180976728/[Butt One More Thing]Snake cloaca “farting”https://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2006/20063121845.pdfhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1565572.pdf?casa_token=hasRmCpaVigAAAAA:PfR7INW6TS-UeKo3iImOG4qx-AI1nj82C6GvjKI0k8TRFtFv7VhADtbPnZZWEkU47AlmGJrFMF8b5Mk8P8MaAhfg6vdE6w5NqDhgil_8fyqYwzIDZA

Between now and the end of the year, people all over the world will be enjoying all sorts of holiday feasts, eating lots of cookies, and maybe even enjoying a sugar plum or two. In other words: it's food season, baby! And we've got a piping hot bowl of science stew for you! Don't forget to save room for desert: a big slice of butt pie! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Apple sweetnesshttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950[Fact Off]Yeast & vitamins advertising https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9105273/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/12/28/675280193/how-a-little-science-and-a-lot-of-shady-advertising-boosted-yeasts-popularityhttps://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeasthttps://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=falsehttps://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069802166&view=1up&seq=352https://www.seriouseats.com/what-is-nutritional-yeast-noochEvolution of gourdshttps://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1516109112https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/517382https://insider.si.edu/2015/11/dull-mastadon-taste-buds-once-helped-pumpkins-wild-ancestor-thrive/[Ask the Science Couch]Shark digestive systemshttps://german.bio.uci.edu/images/PDF/Leigh%20et%20al.%20(2017)%20RFBF_online.pdfhttps://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/anatomy/the-shark-inside/http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=567https://www.himb.hawaii.edu/ReefPredator/pH.htmVulture digestive systems https://www.wintuaudubon.org/tag/turkey-vulture/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30216294https://www.audubon.org/news/how-vultures-can-eat-rotten-meat-without-getting-sickhttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.16345Crocodile digestive systemshttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/524150https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1Hgcr4VrDNgG0RFdVYtH0H3/wonder-facts-crocodileshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13285-super-size-me-alligators-reveal-digestive-trick/https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/55/6/986/2363554[Butt One More Thing]Cow butt meathttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526619/

Since the beginning of recorded history, people have been putting on lipstick, applying perfume, wearing fake nails, and just generally making themselves look nice for all sorts of reasons. Heck, there are even some animals in on it!  Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker! A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen [Definition]https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/it-cosmetic-drug-or-both-or-it-soap[Trivia Question]Carthamus tinctorius Lhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8126054/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263051/[Fact Off]Vultures painting themselves redhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19076-zoologger-vultures-use-twigs-to-gather-wool-for-nests/https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.1840https://www.newscientist.com/article/2130980-vultures-smear-their-faces-in-red-mud-which-they-use-as-makeup/https://www.audubon.org/news/these-birds-wear-makeupWWII nylon-replacing liquid leg makeuphttps://books.google.com/books?id=OygDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_765873https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/nylon-a-revolution-in-textileshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-nylon-stockings-changed-world-180955219/http://www.cosmeticsandskin.com/ded/liquid-powder.php  [Ask the Science Couch]Dangerous cosmetics (lead, radium, atropine) https://books.google.com/books?id=A3C_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT26#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=LpplCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT67&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/03/how-we-realized-putting-radium-in-everything-was-not-the-answer/273780/https://cosmeticsandskin.com/aba/glowing-complexion.phphttps://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/ethnobotany/Mind_and_Spirit/belladonna.shtmlhttps://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8614-99/atropine-ophthalmic-eye/atropine-sulfate-ophthalmic/details[Butt One More Thing]Butt hair forensicshttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/AY/D0AY01068Ehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128119082/coronary-artery-diseasehttps://archives.fbi.gov/archives/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/april2009/review/2009_04_review02.htm#racebodyid

Please enjoy this version of Ceri's smash hit Cnidarian Song, with musical accompaniment by our own maestro Joseph "Tuna" Metesh!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

Jellyfish, corals, anemones… they have a couple things in common. They’re all cnidarians, and they all seem like they don’t really have a whole lot going on. They just sort of float around! But looks can be deceiving: this mysterious, blobby phylum holds many secrets!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Jellyfish with or against currenthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6937341/[Fact Off]Moon jelly vortexhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/626033https://www.newscientist.com/article/2264056-jellyfish-push-off-a-pocket-of-water-under-their-bell-to-swim-faster/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/jan-9-covid-19-and-fighting-viral-evolution-ice-age-wolf-pup-and-more-1.5865449/jellyfish-are-the-ocean-s-most-efficient-swimmers-here-s-how-they-do-it-1.5865457Boxer crabs and sea anemones https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289105/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274037895_Bonsai_anemones_Growth_suppression_of_sea_anemones_by_their_associated_kleptoparasitic_boxer_crab^ pictures in both these links[Ask the Science Couch]Peeing on jellyfish stingClip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjTKKFSb9h8https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/3/105/htm?xid=PS_smithsonianhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/how-fix-jellyfish-sting-180963582/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/whats-behind-that-jellyfish-sting-2844876/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728541/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773479/[Butt One More Thing]Coral - good poop (clam) bad poop (surgeonfish)https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33841351/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33326418/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.621111/full

Turns out we needed a week off to recuperate from all the Halloween festivities, so please enjoy this very old episode about Flightless Birds in the meantime! Thanks for listening, and we'll see you next week!Don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, you might be starting to notice a chill in the air. Let's all fondly reminisce about those warm, summer days that feel so long ago as we learn about heat! And don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Trivia Question]Hot flasheshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/495671/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612529/https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)30947-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2211124718309471%3Fshowall%3Dtrue[Fact Off]Thermogenic plantshttps://www.natureinstitute.org/article/craig-holdrege/skunk-cabbagehttps://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ849536.pdfhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205176/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2634508/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.186.4165.746https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781904/Superionic icehttps://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-create-extraordinary-alien-form-of-super-hot-ice/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1114-6https://www.quantamagazine.org/black-hot-superionic-ice-may-be-natures-most-common-form-of-water-20190508/[Ask the Science Couch]Breath temperature changinghttps://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/7868/why-does-the-air-we-blow-exhale-out-from-our-mouths-change-from-hot-to-cold-depehttps://www.aa.washington.edu/sites/aa/files/faculty/breidenthal/pubs/Brazil.book_REB.pdfhttp://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=5530http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/turbulent_flow.html[Butt One More Thing]Butt weldinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780857095107/welding-processes-handbookhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080965338/comprehensive-materials-processinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780815515814/handbook-of-plastics-joininghttps://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/27516/9/Turrell_Ultra-fast%20collisional_NC.pdf

Ceri and Sam headed on down to the cemetery to dig Hank up for one more bone-chilling edition of It Was a Dark and Stormy Month! We hope you enjoy and have a happy and safe Halloween!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen [Trivia Question]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969716324202?via%3Dihubhttps://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lam.12345https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics[Fact Off]Spaceship debris graveyardhttps://www.greenmatters.com/p/what-happens-to-rocket-boosters-after-launchhttps://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/in-russias-space-graveyard-locals-scavenge-fallen-spacecraft-for-profit#.w0egudhkhbwhttps://www.nature.com/articles/433095a.pdf?origin=ppubhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19127713Oleic acid as a death cuehttps://web.stanford.edu/~dmgordon/previous/Gordon1983Dependence.pdfhttps://www.pnas.org/content/106/20/8251https://www.npr.org/sections/krulwich/2009/04/01/102601823/hey-im-dead-the-story-of-the-very-lively-anthttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-24054-2https://www.ijbs.com/v09p0313.htmhttp://www.researchtrends.net/tia/article_pdf.asp?in=0&vn=9&tid=20&aid=5289[Ask the Science Couch]Eco-friendly burial options https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/is-cremation-environmentally-friendly-heres-the-sciencehttps://www.cremationassociation.org/page/alkalinehydrolysishttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4895712/New-type-cremation-DISSOLVES-bodies-LIQUID.htmlhttps://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/conl.12421https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWo2-LHwGMM[Butt One More Thing]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30111659/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17091303/

“It Was A Dark & Stormy Month" rises from its grave once more to deliver knowledge so good... it's scary!Hank accidentally buried himself alive again, so we are once again joined by Deboki Chakravarti to learn about Earth's little buddy, the Moon! This one's guaranteed to have you howling!Need more Deboki in your life? Follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_boki! There you can find links to the myriad of projects she's involved in!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Coral reef spawning by moonlighthttps://www.sciencealert.com/the-full-moon-just-triggered-one-of-the-largest-mass-spawning-events-of-2016https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071019093814.htmhttps://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1145432https://www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8674(03)00647-0https://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/the-reef/corals/coral-reproductionEarthshine on the Moon is less than beforehttps://gizmodo.com/earth-is-getting-dimmer-1847782399https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/04/weather/earth-dimming-climate/index.htmlhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/930069[Ask the Science Couch]Moon drifting away from the Earthhttps://public.nrao.edu/ask/why-is-the-moon-moving-away-from-the-earth-when-orbiting-black-holes-ultimately-collide/https://public.nrao.edu/ask/what-happens-as-the-moon-moves-away-from-the-earth/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/marvelMoon/background/moon-influence/http://www.iea.usp.br/en/news/when-a-day-lasted-only-four-hourshttps://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/11/28/3642932.htmhttps://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/index.php[Butt One More Thing]Defecation collection devices on the Moonhttps://history.nasa.gov/FINAL%20Catalogue%20of%20Manmade%20Material%20on%20the%20Moon.pdfhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/

Thanks to Basepaws for sponsoring this episode. Check out Basepaws here: https://basepaws.com/?rfsn=6159575.bff641“It Was A Dark & Stormy Month" lumbers along with more frightful topics and frightfully bad poetry!This week, an oft-requested and much anticipated topic: cats! These weird little goblins can steal our hearts even while infesting us with behavior-altering, poop-dwelling parasites! We must really love 'em! Need more Deboki in your life? Follow her on Twitter: @okidoki_boki! There you can find links to the myriad of projects she's involved in!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen[Truth or Fail]Fact 1:https://phys.org/news/2021-07-dogs-people-lying.htmlFact 2:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347296903206https://theaggie.org/2021/09/14/study-finds-domestic-cats-prefer-freeloading-to-working-for-food/Fact 3:https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/923830https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/07/cat-genomes/619587/[Fact Off]Cats in development of cochlear implantshttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/1688121https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1931-04076-001https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000348947208100514?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmedhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/000348947308200407https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4921065/https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3220685.pdfhttps://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cochlear-implants/about/pac-20385021[Ask the Science Couch]Cat tail movementshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/pages/article/animals-behavior-cats-tail-body-languagehttps://brill.com/view/journals/beh/56/1-2/article-p69_3.xml  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7696400/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2074215/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166432897001010http://www.architalbiol.org/index.php/aib/article/view/138271/[Butt One More Thing]Cats sitting and not flipping over litter boxeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159114002366?via%3Dihub

It’s October, so you know what that means: SciShow Tangents is about to get a little spooky! This year, we’re celebrating the Halloween season by talking about traditionally eerie subjects and writing bad collaborative poems! Welcome to “It Was A Dark & Stormy Tangents” month!And to kick it off, we’re talking about the number one most scary of all types of weather: storms!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Project Ice Storm - possible effects of stress on pregnancyhttps://www.thoughtco.com/canadian-ice-storm-in-1998-508705https://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/publicationshttps://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/icestormhttps://www.mcgill.ca/projetverglas/files/projetverglas/Laplante2007FunctionalPlay.pdfhttps://www.child-encyclopedia.com/stress-and-pregnancy-prenatal-and-perinatal/according-experts/prenatalperinatal-stress-and-itsBlood/red rain mystery in Spainhttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/882233https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20028490https://www.livescience.com/62999-siberian-blood-rain-iron-oxide.html[Ask the Science Couch]Aches before stormshttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/50/18/50_18_1923/_pdfhttps://health.clevelandclinic.org/do-you-get-a-migraine-headache-when-it-rains/https://theconversation.com/can-bad-weather-really-cause-headaches-158258https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00484-014-0859-8https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7659442/[Butt One More Thing]Lightning in plumbinghttps://www.cdc.gov/disasters/lightning/faq.htmlhttp://lightningsafety.com/nlsi_lls/lightning-caused-deaths.pdf (table 3)https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/how-hurricanes-form.html

Summer's over, which is a bummer, but now's the perfect time to remember that summer isn't all perfect. It brings sunburns, too-hot car seats, and, worst of all, blood-sucking mosquitos! So let's embrace the beginning of fall by talking some smack about those nasty, itchy, little guys!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Millipede toxins as mosquito repellent https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026489826714https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00114-003-0427-2https://www.springer.com/gp/about-springer/media/research-news/all-english-research-news/madagascar-s-lemurs-use-millipedes-for-their-tummy-troubles/15982512https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/science/for-monkeys-a-millipede-a-day-keeps-mosquitoes-away.htmlhttps://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/198138/wounds/whats-eating-you-millipede-burnshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7504811/Vampire jumping spiders eating mosquitoeshttps://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/04/17/601896991/what-you-learn-when-you-put-smelly-socks-in-front-of-mosquitoeshttps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/aug/05/mosquito-eating-vampire-spider-could-be-recruited-for-war-on-malariahttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/53382/meet-vampire-spiderhttps://www.livescience.com/5818-spiders-attracted-blood-perfume.htmlhttps://www.livescience.com/1214-killer-spiders-prefer-malaria-mosquitoes.htmlhttps://www.livescience.com/20800-vampire-spiders-blood-meal.html[Ask the Science Couch]Attracting mosquitoeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286741400155Xhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-015-0587-5https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)30215-5https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/how-mosquitoes-smell-human-sweathttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/229127147_A_Review_of_Mosquito_Attraction_Studies_Important_Parameters_and_Techniqueshttp://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=547&doi=10.11648/j.aje.20190302.13https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/41/4/796/885285https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5949359/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219306943[Butt One More Thing]Mosquito anus blood pre-urinehttps://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/science/how-hungry-mosquitoes-cool-themselves.html

This episode is brought to you by Gates Notes, the blog of Bill Gates. Go to gatesnotes.com to learn about the future of Alzheimer's research.I don’t want to alarm you, but you’ve got a big ol’ glob of pink goop in between your ears right now, and it pretty much controls everything you do. In fact, it might BE you... But try not to think about that too much while you enjoy this episode!Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Cetacean brains staying warmhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-84762-0https://phys.org/news/2021-03-whale-dolphin-brains-specialfor-production.htmlhttps://phys.org/news/2021-04-whale-dolphin-brains-lots.htmlBrain blood flow measuring devicehttps://www.npr.org/2014/08/17/340906546/the-machine-that-tried-to-scan-the-brain-in-1882https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/137/2/634/284537?login=truehttps://www.umassmed.edu/strokestop/modules/module-3-the-blood-supply-of-the-brain/brain-circulation/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5536794/https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/divisions/fmrib/what-is-fmri/introduction-to-fmri[Ask the Science Couch]Brain evolutionhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21128311-800-a-brief-history-of-the-brain/https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/320218https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3873165/https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-540-29678-2_3154https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2614228/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/worm-discovery-brain-evolution/[Butt One More Thing]Bony-eared assfish smallest vertebrate brainhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/20270929_Acanthonus_armatus_a_Deep-Sea_Teleost_Fish_with_a_Minute_Brain_and_Large_Earshttps://www.fishbase.se/summary/Acanthonus-armatus.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.1987.0018

The days are getting shorter, the sweaters are coming out of the closet and the leaves are starting to take on just a hint of yellow... Fall is officially on its way. And speaking of trees, we spoke of trees at length last year! Please enjoy this encore presentation.Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

The power required to get this podcast into your ears was brought to you in part by wind, water, coal, gas, and a generous contribution from the old sky guy himself: The Sun! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Power from cheese & mayo (biogas)https://epa.gov/anaerobic-digestion/basic-information-about-anaerobic-digestion-adhttps://www.eesi.org/papers/view/fact-sheet-biogasconverting-waste-to-energyhttps://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5021214#:~:text=It%20is%20wellknown%20that%20the,well%20%5B5%2D7%5Dhttps://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/https://statenews.com/article/2017/04/msu-uses-mayonnaise-anaerobic-digesterhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a18700/french-power-plant-runs-on-cheese/Sensorfish for damshttps://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a7459/the-robot-fish-that-led-to-better-dam-designs/https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a26135053/robotic-sensor-fish/https://www.pnnl.gov/news/release.aspx?id=1046https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/827634[Ask the Science Couch]Micro hydro powerhttps://www.energy.gov/energysaver/microhydropower-systemshttps://www.energy.gov/eere/water/types-hydropower-plantshttps://energypedia.info/wiki/Micro_Hydro_Power_(MHP)_-_Pros_and_Conshttps://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/16/business/global/16iht-renmicro.htmlhttps://sswm.info/water-nutrient-cycle/water-distribution/hardwares/water-network-distribution/hydropower-%28small-scale%29[Butt One More Thing]Pig poop pondshttps://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/11/22/781565978/big-companies-bet-on-cleaner-power-from-pig-poop-ponds

This week we pay tribute to our big, wrinkly, grey friends with funky trunks: elephants!  Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to see some great pictures from Ceri’s Fact Off fact, and to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Elephants and beeshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/893601https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/632820https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2015/12/beehive-fences/https://www.livescience.com/33261-elephants-afraid-of-mice-.htmlElephant skin wrinkleshttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/607368https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06257-3Computer simulation image: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06257-3/figures/4https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010JF001842https://elephantconservation.org/elephants/just-for-kids/[Ask the Science Couch]Elephant communication/grief/etc.https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/animal-grief/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/do-animals-experience-grief-180970124/https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/11/04/1497634.htmhttps://www.audubon.org/news/how-do-elephants-talk-each-otherhttps://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/unforgettable-elephants-crack-the-code-of-elephant-communication/5885/https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-internet-appears-to-believe-elephants-worship-the-moon/https://confluence.gallatin.nyu.edu/context/interdisciplinary-seminar/the-elephant-before-darwin[Butt One More Thing]Elephant gold enemahttps://muse.jhu.edu/article/442189/pdfhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/a-16th-century-pope-buried-his-pet-elephant-under-the-vatican

Time to take a big ol’ sip of science knowledge as we dive deep on that good, wet stuff we call water! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to see some great pictures from Ceri’s Fact Off fact, and to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Wet water (to fight fires)https://www.biolinscientific.com/blog/what-is-a-wetting-agent-and-where-are-they-usedhttps://www.fireengineering.com/leadership/fighting-fires-with-wet-water/#grefhttps://childrensmuseumatlanta.org/blog/how-does-water-put-out-a-fire/http://fcfsd.com/wetting-agents.htmlhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-016-0640-0Water to air communicationhttps://news.mit.edu/2018/wireless-communication-through-water-air-0822https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/489210[Ask the Science Couch]Water conducting electricityhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/conductivity-electrical-conductance-and-waterhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-universal-solventhttps://www.sciencealert.com/after-centuries-scientists-have-finally-figured-out-how-water-conducts-electricityhttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6316/1131[Butt One More Thing]Hippo poop waterhttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/hippos-poop-so-much-that-sometimes-all-the-fish-die/560486/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04391-6

This week, we're sharing one of our Patreon bonus episodes with all of our listeners! Join us as we answer some questions from our audience, and be sure to check out Patreon.com/SciShowTangents if you want more content like this! Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

In this truly explosive episode that will have you erupting with laughter, we share our lava of volcanoes! This is a hot one, folks! Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to see a great video on the subject of Ceri’s Fact Off fact, and to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Hear Ye]Round 1 AudioSource: NOAA Ocean Explorationhttps://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06fire/logs/april29/media/movies/spectragram.htmlRound 2 AudioAudio Credit: Robin MatozaCitation: Matoza, R.S., D. Fee, M.A. Garces, J.M. Seiner, P.A. Ramon, and M.A.H. Hedlin (2009), Infrasonic jet noise from volcanic eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08303, doi:10.1029/2008GL036486Round 3 Audio Audio Credit: Robin MatoozaCitation: Matoza, R.S., D. Fee, M.A. Garces, J.M. Seiner, P.A. Ramon, and M.A.H. Hedlin (2009), Infrasonic jet noise from volcanic eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08303, doi:10.1029/2008GL036486Round 3 Audio - AirplaneCredit: PDX AviationPDX Aviation - https://www.youtube.com/user/buybygb[Fact Off]Elephant salt mining in extinct volcanohttp://faculty.jsd.claremont.edu/dmcfarlane/MtElgon/index.htmhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/240675138_Formation_of_cave_salts_and_utilization_by_elephants_in_the_Mount_Elgon_region_Kenyahttps://eawildlife.org/east-african-wildlife-societys-mount-elgon-elephant-project-eawls-meep/https://volcano.oregonstate.edu/faq/how-volcano-defined-being-active-dormant-or-extincthttps://theconversation.com/how-volcanoes-recycle-the-earths-crust-to-uncover-rare-metals-that-are-vital-to-green-technology-125159https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/africa/mount-elgon-ugandaParícutin volcanohttp://www.unmuseum.org/7wonders/mob/paricutin.htmhttp://sci.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Paricutin.html[Ask the Science Couch]Preventing volcano eruptionshttps://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-can-we-tell-when-a-volcano-will-erupthttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/865376  https://theconversation.com/explainer-why-volcanoes-erupt-44732https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/can-we-drill-yellowstone-stop-it-erupting?qt-news_science_products=0https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinandrews/2018/05/28/why-cant-we-artificially-drain-magma-chambers-to-stop-volcanic-eruptions/​​https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02600367https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-did-aerial-bombing-stop-1935-mauna-loa-lava-flow[Butt One More Thing]Ardley island penguin poop ​​https://www.audubon.org/news/how-millennia-old-penguin-poo-led-scientists-volcanic-discovery

This episode was brought to you by Gates Notes, the blog of Bill Gates. Go to https://www.gatesnotes.com to learn more about the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, which is celebrating its 10th Anniversary this year!Just because you poop and pee in them doesn’t mean that toilets don’t deserve your utmost respect! From the International Space Station to the comfort of your own home, these waste-disposing scientific wonders help make our lives cleaner and safer. So next time you see a toilet, say “thank you!”Can’t get enough Deboki? You can follow her on Twitter @okidoki_boki, and find her on Scientific American’s Science Talk Podcast starting August 6th!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Fact Off]Lemur Toilet Treehttp://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150513-these-animals-use-public-toiletshttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00265-014-1810-z.pdfhttps://www.dpz.eu/en/home/single-view/news/informativer-toilettengang.htmlhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26392-zoologger-shy-lemurs-communicate-using-toilet-trees/Super Slippery Toilethttps://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/739396https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlYc8RfqA3I&t=10shttps://ceramics.org/ceramic-tech-today/materials-innovations/slip-and-slide-spray-on-polymer-coating-keeps-porcelain-toilet-bowls-cleaner[Ask the Science Couch]https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/question314.htmhttps://iwaponline.com/wpt/article/13/1/157/38690/Vacuum-sewerage-systems-a-solution-for-fasthttps://www.courtesyplumbers.com/blog/2016/december/three-types-of-flush-systems-the-pros-and-cons/[Butt One More Thing]https://patents.google.com/patent/US4320756A/enhttps://www.adventip.com/blog/wackypatent/freshair-breathing-device

This week, the Science Couch is more like the Science Operating Table. Get ready to have 33 minutes of pure, surgery-inspired science implanted directly into your brain, stat!A note about this week’s episode: Ceri is moving, and the room she normally records in is completely empty. That’s why she sounds like she’s lost in space. Sorry about that!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Fact Off]Burn healing surgerieshttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/burnshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3408118https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(35)90119-2/fulltexthttps://www.nature.com/articles/125058a0.pdfhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591574003400104https://parjournal.net/article/view/1881/1348https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/sir-archibald-mcindoeVideo Game Surgeons https://www.medtechdive.com/news/robotic-surgeries-surge-to-15-of-all-procedures-despite-limited-evidence/570370/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/uoo-hfa040121.php[Ask the Science Couch]Organ transplant DNAhttps://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/does-the-dna-of-a-transplanted-organ-change-to-that-of-the-recipient/https://www.genome.gov/27544325/using-dna-sequencing-to-detect-early-organ-transplant-rejectionhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cyclosporin-Ahttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18290564/https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/organ-transplants-without-life-long-drugs[Butt One More Thing]Louis XIV’s anal fistula https://tidsskriftet.no/2016/08/sun-kings-anal-fistulahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043148914000566

Whether you're surfing, listening to the radio, getting an x-ray, or just looking at something, take a moment and thank waves for making it all possible!Plus learn yet another shocking truth: all of reality is probably maybe waves! Uh oh!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Truth or Fail][Fact Off]Ruffed grouse sonic boomVideo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVfiIp3QGs4https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ruffed_Grouse/soundshttps://www.nps.gov/articles/netn-species-spotlight-ruffed-grouse.htmhttps://northernwoodlands.org/outside_story/article/bird-sound-barrierhttps://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-016-DFRC.htmlMeta-mirrorhttps://pratt.duke.edu/about/news/meta-mirrorhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-03/du-rs030719.php[Ask the Science Couch]Underwater waveshttps://news.mit.edu/2013/the-oceans-hidden-waves-show-their-power-0108https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14399#affil-authhttps://research.cornell.edu/research/understanding-formation-underwater-waveshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0025322791900445https://www.hydro-international.com/content/article/mysterious-underwater-waves[Butt One More Thing]Toilet waveshttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/27377/why-does-toilet-water-move-when-its-windy-outside

It feels like this allergy season is never gonna end, so we decided to dig into the archives to learn a little more about the pollen, dander, and other tiny things currently making our lives a living heck! Achoo!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

Get ready to take a big old bite of science (and fun)! This week, we’re sinking our teeth… into teeth! Ouch! Plus, Hank comes up with yet another Million Dollar Idea! You can’t afford to miss this episode!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenSources:[Tooth or Fail]Chiton Teethhttps://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2021/05/rare-mineral-from-rocks-found-in-chiton-teeth/Pink Sea Urchin Teethhttps://www.cell.com/matter/fulltext/S2590-2385(19)30173-0https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/09/rock-munching-sea-urchins-have-self-sharpening-teeth[Fact Off]Piranha teethpicture: https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/uw-s3-cdn/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/10/15085831/Piranha-replacement-teeth-750x422.jpghttps://www.washington.edu/news/2019/10/15/piranha-fish-swap-old-teeth-for-new-simultaneously/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ede.12306https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670376/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmor.20380https://theconversation.com/how-sharks-could-help-us-regrow-our-own-human-teeth-63531Baby Dino Teethhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(16)31269-6.pdfhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-12/gwu-ntn121516.phphttps://gwtoday.gwu.edu/newly-discovered-dinosaur-species-lost-teeth-adultsBraceshttps://www.healthline.com/health/how-do-braces-workhttps://orthodonticassoc.com/braces/how-do-braces-work/https://www.healthline.com/health/retainers-after-braces[Butt One More Thing]Fecal bacteria on toothbrusheshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150602130650.htm

This week, Twitch streamer and science enthusiast AshleyRoboto joins us to talk about cyborgs! Get ready to radically broaden your definition of cyborgs all the way down to “person with glasses!”Can’t get enough AshleyRoboto? Follow her @AshleyRoboto and check out her Twitch stream here: https://www.twitch.tv/ashleyrobotoHead to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

The Tangents team tackles one of the greatest controversies in science history: are tomatoes fruits? Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen[Fact Off]Thumping watermelonshttps://www.ksre.k-state.edu/news/stories/2020/07/how-to-pick-a-ripe-melon.htmlhttps://www.almanac.com/how-tell-if-watermelon-ripehttps://www.bksv.com/en/knowledge/blog/perspectives/ripe-watermelonhttps://www.wsj.com/articles/the-science-of-a-ripe-watermelon-1498828907https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4325046/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00779-013-0706-7Animals eating moldy fruithttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05643-z[Ask the Science Couch]Ripening fruit biochemistryhttps://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2018.00016https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/all-fruit-and-vegetables-are-not-created-equal-when-it-comes-to-proper-storage-conditionshttps://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/63/13/4741/484722https://www.actahort.org/books/463/463_42.htm[Butt One More Thing]Medlar fruithttps://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210325-the-strange-medieval-fruit-the-world-forgothttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/medlar-fruit-forgotten-butt-shape

Frankie Jonas stops by to chat with us about your best friend and mine, the humble dog! You'd think that in this, of all episodes, we'd be able to have a nice, simple definition of the topic. But guess what, no one even knows what a dog is apparently! Science!If you want more Frankie Jonas, check out his TikTok! He's got a cute dog!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

Danger! High voltage episode! This week, we're zapping your earholes with electrifying knowledge that's sure to illuminate you!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Space tethers to generate electricity https://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wtether.htmlhttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-75.htmlhttps://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/2.3563?journalCode=jsrhttps://edisontechcenter.org/generators.htmlhttps://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/2.3563?journalCode=jsrhttps://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://en.wikipedia.org/&httpsredir=1&article=2532&context=smallsatElectric fish with dramatic pausesttps://www.fishbase.se/summary/5208https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/05/electric-fish-pause/618993/https://www.pennlive.com/life/2021/05/new-research-shows-that-electric-fish-pause-before-sharing-something-meaningful.htmlhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-05/wuis-ef-051921.php[Ask the Science Couch]Static electricityhttps://www.utm.edu/staff/cerkal/electricity.htmhttps://www.livescience.com/51656-static-electricity.htmlhttps://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/hr/documents/public/hsu/information/electrical/staticelectricity.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Manure electricityhttps://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-sports-science-technology-business-3ad8a6b9b1cb4100a9db1b2e406ad14dhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-equestrian-manure-energy/poo-power-horse-manure-from-world-cup-powers-helsinki-homes-idUSKBN1X70QX

It’s too nice outside to make a podcast this week, so instead, we’ve got a classic episode for you! Learn basically everything you need to know about cars before you set out on your epic summer road trip. Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

This week, we’re joined by scientist and podcaster Amanda Wacker to talk about DNA, the building blocks of life! A blueprint for building a living thing, even!Webster’s dictionary defines DNA as “any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds.” I define it as the little wiggly guys inside us that make our cells and stuff. We’re both right, in our own way.If you want more Amanda Wacker, check out her podcast, Triplicates! And check her out on Twitter: @AstroAma!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Ask the Science Couch]Gene expression & cell typehttps://www.cirm.ca.gov/our-progress/advanced-how-does-stem-cell-%E2%80%9Cknow%E2%80%9D-what-becomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26885/https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(20)30059-3https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/our-cells-are-filled-with-junk-dna-heres-why-we-need-ithttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05462-w[Butt One More Thing]Pooprintshttps://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/19/pooprints-brings-in-millions-testing-dog-poop-dna-to-snag-non-scoopers.html

If SciShow Tangents had a smell what would it be? It’s full of knowledge, so maybe a dusty old book? We talk a lot, so maybe all of our nasty breath?  We talk about butts a lot… you know what? Podcasts don’t smell, and maybe that’s for the best. Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Rats smelling conceptshttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-11/uog-tso112520.phphttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/11/201125164455.htmhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.2327https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3000628Big cats and perfumeshttps://www.thecut.com/2020/01/big-cats-love-calvin-kleins-obsession-for-men.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/100624-big-cats-cologne-vin-videohttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/thoughtful-animal/youe28099ll-never-guess-how-biologists-lure-jaguars-to-camera-traps/https://www.rsc.org/Merck-Index/monograph/m3604/civetone?q=unauthorizehttps://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Viverricula_indica/[Ask the Science Couch]Smells & memoryhttps://www.livescience.com/why-smells-trigger-memories.htmlhttps://www.discovery.com/science/Why-Smells-Trigger-Such-Vivid-Memorieshttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23147501/[Butt One More Thing]Indole smellhttps://io9.gizmodo.com/why-is-a-compound-that-smells-like-feces-put-in-perfume-1717903411

Sticky seems easy, right? You step on gum, it sticks to your shoe, You put glue on paper, it sticks to other paper. It just works! But it turns out stickiness is one of those sneaky, impossible-to-explain science things that involves physics and atoms and stuff!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Exploding ant butts with toxic goohttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1A_nAQosWmC5o_jepXNJ0oc3RacjLK5qe1groWg34bL4/edit?usp=sharinghttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/animals-ants-borneo-exploding-defense?loggedin=truehttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/23/science/exploding-ants.htmlhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=22661Sticky rice mortarhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9001944https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11431-008-0317-0https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2010/may/revealing-the-ancient-chinese-secret-of-sticky-rice-mortar.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/amylopectin[Ask the Science Couch]Frog tongueshttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/01/special-spit-is-the-secret-of-uniquely-sticky-frog-tongues-study-revealshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332565/Picture of finger: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332565/figure/RSIF20160764F1/[Butt One More Thing]Sucker-bum squidhttps://australian.museum/blog-archive/science/sucker-bum-squid-and-other-intriguing-molluscs

A wiser man than me once said “worms make the dirt and the first makes the Earth.” And that’s true. Join us as we learn about the stuff everything on earth walks, sits, and poops on all day, every day! Thanks, dirt!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Desert of Mainehttps://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/22/travel/escapes/22down.htmlhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-desert-of-maine-freeport-mainehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/why-desert-middle-maine-180951555/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/maine/articles/the-true-story-of-how-maine-got-its-desert/Panic grass in geothermal dirthttps://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2009/10/all-for-one-and-one-for-all.htmlhttps://www.montana.edu/news/629/yellowstone-plant-reveals-secret-for-tolerating-high-temperatureshttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5811/513https://science.sciencemag.org/content/316/5822/201.1https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10583964/https://www.nps.gov/grte/learn/historyculture/upload/JFMeadow_Dissertation-red.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Rubbing dirt in woundhttps://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-05/antibacterial-clays-can-kill-antibiotic-resistant-e-coli-and-mrsa/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/asu-amw051713.php/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0064068https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200427125205.htmhttps://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2016/07/16/sports-rub-some-dirt-on-it/87184302/[Butt One More Thing]Pink fairy armadillohttps://www.wired.com/2014/01/absurd-creature-of-the-week-pink-fairy-armadillo-crawls-out-of-the-desert-and-into-our-hearts/

Humans use tools to do work! It’s what separates us from the animals! Except for crows… and honeybees… and dolphins… octopuses… well, regardless, tools are great and so is this episode!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:Chatelaineshttps://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/the-killer-mobile-device-for-victorian-women/https://toolbelts.com/tool-belt-history/https://www.swissarmy.com/us/en/History/cms/historyNew Caledonian crowshttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-12/uosa-cck120417.phphttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2015.0278https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-12/uosa-cck120417.php[Ask the Science Couch]Oldest stone toolshttps://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32804177https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14464https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/04/world-s-oldest-stone-tools-discovered-kenyahttps://anthromuseum.missouri.edu/exhibit/oldowan-and-acheulean-stone-tools

Comedian, streamer, and YouTuber Kurtis Conner (@kurtisconner) stops by to talk to us about fish! Don’t be koi… give it a listen!This episode has everything you could want: multiple poop facts, mind-blowing revalations, and a celebrity guest! It's the total package!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsIf you can’t get enough Kurtis Conner, check out his YouTube page: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7zsxKqd5MicTf4VhS9Y74gA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Definition]Fish evolutionhttps://www.npr.org/2010/07/05/127937070/the-human-edge-finding-our-inner-fishhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210205210627.htm[Ask the Science Couch]Smelly fishhttps://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/23/science/q-a-rotten-fish.htmlhttps://nutrition.org/is-fish-smelly/https://www.jstor.org/stable/24086628?seq=1https://www.pnas.org/content/111/12/4461https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/web/2013/09/Source-Fishy-Odors-Identified.htmlhttps://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/trimethylaminuria/[Butt One More Thing]White sand beacheshttps://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sand.html

We're taking a break this week to rest up and work on some exciting things! In the meantime, join us as we talk about fungus and Praise the Drungus! Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Fungal Pesticides:https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/12/522068205/fungal-pesticides-offer-a-growing-alternative-to-traditional-chemicalshttps://agrochemicals.iupac.org/index.php?option=com_sobi2&sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=3&sobi2Id=31https://phys.org/news/2019-02-virus-infested-fungus-chemical-pesticides.htmlTinder Fungi:https://www.uab.cat/web/newsroom/news-detail-1345668003610.html?noticiaid=1345754508535Egyptian Medicine:https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/nyregion/secrets-of-the-mummys-medicine-chest.html[Fact Off]Whiskey mold:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18065010https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5315285/https://www.wired.com/2011/05/ff-angelsshare/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/78dyqb/kentuckys-whiskey-fungus-problem-is-out-of-controlPlastic-digesting fungus:https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/fungi-research-lifts-lid-shy-organisms-break-down-plastichttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0202047https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117300295http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2017/09/12/scientists-find-fungus-appetite-plastic-rubbish-dump/[Ask the Science Couch]“Zombie” ants:https://www.pnas.org/content/114/47/12590https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187170https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204140/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/11/how-the-zombie-fungus-takes-over-ants-bodies-to-control-their-minds/545864/

It’s been said that April showers bring May flowers, but here’s the thing, gang: we couldn’t wait a whole month to talk about the darn things! Stop and smell the roses with us as we sniff out some of the finest flower facts!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Bubble gun pollinationhttps://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(20)30373-4https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/06/drone-delivered-soap-bubbles-could-help-pollinate-flowershttps://www.sciencenews.org/article/bubble-blowing-drones-may-one-day-aid-artificial-pollinationFungus mimicking flowersImage: https://static.scientificamerican.com/sciam/cache/file/1BF8FBA2-1A97-4962-BDF7425878CF9454_source.jpghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087184520301572https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399434?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab21f9013c26e11394d09411860873d9f&seq=1https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-flower-is-really-a-fungus-in-disguise/https://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/insect-color-vision.php[Ask the Science Couch]Carnivorous plants floweringPicture of pitcher plant: http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-3639Picture of venus fly trap: https://theconversation.com/friend-or-food-why-venus-flytraps-dont-eat-their-pollinators-91620http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20161010-how-insect-eating-plants-persuade-insects-to-pollinate-themhttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep21065[Butt One More Thing]Dead horse lilyPicture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicodiceros#/media/File:Dracunculus_muscivorus.jpghttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00802.xhttps://theconversation.com/the-secret-of-the-worlds-smelliest-flower-44439

G'day, mate! This week, we’re taking a trip Down Under (and to South, Central, and North America) to meet our weird mammalian cousins with built-in cargo pockets, the marsupials! Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsA big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:Antechinus matinghttps://www.wired.com/story/antechinus-climate-change/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-a-little-mammal-has-so-much-sex-that-it-disintegrateshttps://www.livescience.com/51083-photos-antechinus-new-species.htmlhttps://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-17/search-for-endangered-antechinus-after-bushfires-on-gold-coast/12564958Alaskan marsupial fossilhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/uoaf-ndm021819.phphttps://phys.org/news/2019-02-ancient-night-marsupial-months-winter.htmlhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2018.1560369https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app52-217.html  https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/documents/files/PublicRoom_AK_Dinosaurs-on-NorthSlope_booklet_2018.pdfhttps://www.npca.org/articles/1822-the-only-marsupial-in-u-s-national-parks[Ask the Science Couch]Pouch cleaning https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/science/how-do-female-kangaroos-keep-their-pouches-clean.htmlhttps://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2004/08/05/1168902.htmhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5339227/[Butt One More Thing]Opossums and smelling deadhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/544902/facts-about-opossumshttps://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/opossums-so-darn-ugly-theyre-adorable.htm

Strap on your greaves and grab your gauntlets: It's time for the weekly science/comedy deathmatch that is SciShow Tangents!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsThank you to Patreon Patron Eclectic Bunny for helping make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Sugar bacteriahttps://newsroom.uvahealth.com/2019/06/27/found-a-sweet-way-to-make-things-almost-indestructible/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-06/uovh-fas062719.phphttps://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/news/shedding-light-almost-indestructible-archaeal-piliChiton armor (with embedded eyes)https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(11)00305-8.pdfhttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/350/6263/952?related-urls=yes&legid=sci;350/6263/952Figure of their vision: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/350/6263/952/F3.large.jpghttp://web.mit.edu/cortiz/www/ChitonEyeCommentary.pdfhttps://news.mit.edu/2015/sea-creature-armor-plating-transparent-ceramic-eyes-1119https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/89839/890127373-MIT.pdf?sequence=2[Ask the Science Couch]Tail armor/weaponryhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2017.2299https://eartharchives.org/articles/why-don-t-we-see-more-animals-with-tail-weapons-like-stegosaurus-or-ankylosaurus/index.htmlhttps://news.ncsu.edu/2018/01/arbour-zanno-tail[Butt One More Thing]Snail shellhttps://massivesci.com/articles/butt-escape-beetles-elegans-slugs-land-snails/Hank mentions brahminy blind snakes being eaten and pooped out by frogs, but they are actually being eaten by toads. You can read more about that here:http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170424-there-are-animals-that-can-survive-being-eaten

Get ready for the podcasting event of the year, and it's only March! This week, we're talking urine in all sizes, colors, and consistencies! Better yet, you can watch us talk about pee over on SciShow Pee!  Follow that link to see the full, uncut, hour-long recording session we did for this episode! Witness what a mess we are before I edit us down into something listenable! Thrill to Hank drinking a big old soda! Scream at my disgustingly long hair!Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsThank you to Patreon Patron Eclectic Bunny for helping make the show possible!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Astronaut urine in concretehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/f-sf-aut032720.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619340478https://www.technologyreview.com/2008/12/19/217244/purified-urine-in-space/https://www.cement.org/cement-concrete/cement-and-concrete-basics-faqshttps://web.archive.org/web/20080316071908/http://www.admixtures.org.uk/publications.aspSugar ants eating pee, fighting climate changehttps://cosmosmagazine.com/sugar-ants-love-pee-and-it-might-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-02/uosa-sap020620.phphttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200206102706.htmhttps://cosmosmagazine.com/sugar-ants-love-pee-and-it-might-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions/[Ask the Science Couch]Pee across the animal kingdomhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/569521/do-insects-peehttps://www.welcomewildlife.com/spider-basics/https://cdn.ymaws.com/arav.site-ym.com/resource/resmgr/Files/Proceedings_2000/2000_35.pdfhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/when-should-i-be-concerned-about-the-color-of-my-urinehttps://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-the-color-of-your-urine-says-about-you-infographic/https://jeb.biologists.org/content/221/6/jeb151894[Butt One More Thing]Dinosaur cloacahttps://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/19/science/dinosaur-cloaca-fossil.htmlhttps://slate.com/technology/2020/10/dinosaur-butt-fossil-discovery-cloaca.html

The Tangents crew blasts off beyond the Sun’s familiar orbit to check out all the weird, wild, possibly-inhabited exoplanets circling distant stars! Who needs our boring old solar system anyway? Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsFollow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Definition]https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/commissions/F2/info/documents/[Fact Off]Not-quite-sunscreen snow exoplanethttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aa899bhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-10/ps-ads102617.phphttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Titanium-dioxidehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/61685https://tdma.info/how-your-uv-protective-sunscreen-works/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/120529-global-warming-titanium-dioxide-balloons-earth-environment-scienceMessages to Gliese-581chttps://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/gliese_581_feature.htmlhttps://phys.org/news/2012-07-potential-habitable-exoplanets.htmlhttps://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4515https://www.universetoday.com/19335/messages-from-earth-beamed-to-alien-world/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7660449.stmhttps://www.nature.com/news/2007/071102/full/news.2007.212.html[Ask the Science Couch]Exoplanets arthttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/the-art-of-exoplanetshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-artists-portray-exoplanets-never-seen/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/02/exoplanet-trappist-nasa/517590/https://www.wired.com/2014/05/artist-rendering-exoplanets/[Butt One More Thing]Space poop challengehttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/space-poop-challengehttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/winners-of-space-poop-challenge-receive-30000

This week, we talk about the ol’ tippy top of the food pyramid: Candy! When you get done with this tasty episode, you’ll be saying “how sweet it is!” And we’ve got some big news! SciShow Tangents has a Patreon now! Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, such as bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsWe love making this show, and with your help we can make it even better!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Cotton candy blood vesselshttps://www.designnews.com/stub/synthetic-capillary-networks-artificial-organs-developed-using-cotton-candy-machinehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/vu-ccm020816.phpCordite (forbidden gum)Picture: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cordite_Filled_Cartridge.JPGhttps://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3281990https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/cordite/1010201.articlehttps://www.britannica.com/science/nitroglycerinhttp://www.gumassociation.org/index.cfm/science-technology/ingredients-technology/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6954562.stmhttp://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/85/8532sci2.html[Ask the Science Couch]Candy preferences with agehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764307/https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(17)30214-0https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.418.6https://now.tufts.edu/articles/craving-brain[Butt One More Thing]Sugar alcohol fartshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093271/#

This episode of SciShow Tangents was created in partnership with Bill Gates, inspired by his new book “How To Avoid A Climate Disaster,” available now. To learn more, visit http://gatesnot.es/3qNsH4kFrom roaring fires to air conditioners to fuzzy slippers, humans have a knack for inventing things to keep them at just the right temperature. Unfortunately, they also have a knack for messing up the temperature of the planet… Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Skinner Air Cribhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1037/1089-2680.3.3.155https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/skinner-air-cribhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/history-cribs-other-brilliant-bizarre-inventions-getting-babies-to-sleep-180972138/https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/b-f-skinnerMountain goat coolinghttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0225456https://www.vice.com/en/article/epggvp/americas-iconic-mountain-goats-are-being-threatened-by-melting-ice-and-snowhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/wcs-mga121019.php[Ask the Science Couch]Varied climates on planetshttps://climate.nasa.gov/news/2948/milankovitch-orbital-cycles-and-their-role-in-earths-climate/https://www.universetoday.com/35796/atmosphere-of-the-planets/[Butt One More Thing]Racecar butt air conditioning https://jalopnik.com/the-nismo-gt-r-gt3-has-air-conditioning-for-your-butt-1682925080

We're cracking open the mailbag once again to answer some dusty old questions you sent us a long time ago! Ew, they're all rotten and goopy... well, we'll answer them anyway, because we care.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:Peat bogshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/peatlandhttps://www.britannica.com/technology/peathttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/europe-bog-bodies-reveal-secrets-180962770/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440320300881?dgcid=rss_sd_allhttps://www.culture24.org.uk/places-to-go/south-west/bristol/art20488Spidershttps://www.livescience.com/24054-why-spiders-have-eight-eyes.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/6/110603-spiders-spare-legs-webs-science-animals/Laser eye surgeryhttps://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6249164https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22496438/https://www.aao.org/munnerlyn-laser-surgery-center/laser-in-situ-keratomileusis-lasik-3https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8586-corneal-diseasehttps://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/shows.php?shows=0_yrklfds0Disease eradicationhttps://asm.org/Articles/2020/March/Disease-Eradication-What-Does-It-Take-to-Wipe-outhttps://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.htmlhttps://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/press-releases/detail/article/eradication-isnt-the-end-of-the-rinderpest-story/#Miner's egghttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591572201501935

True immortality may be a scientific impossibility, but podcasts last forever. Whether you listen to this the day it comes out or 1,000 years from now when your brain’s been uploaded to a computer, SciShow Tangents will be here for you!This week: Hank and Deboki are finally on an episode together! And Hank has yet another chaos-fuled game to present to us!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Deboki: @okidoki_boki Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Irradiating canned meatWIll update ASAP!Dermestid beetle larvaehttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/178/4066/1210.full.pdfhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-abstract/64/1/149/28541?redirectedFrom=fulltexthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/002219108090027Xhttps://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/warehouse-beetle-and-cabinet-beetleElectron decayhttps://gizmodo.com/electron-lifespan-is-at-least-5-quintillion-times-the-1747606990https://physicsworld.com/a/electron-lifetime-is-at-least-66000-yottayears/[Ask the Science Couch]Cryonicshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/2095072-a-visual-tour-of-the-weird-world-of-the-cryogenically-frozen/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729856/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2249453/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/30/egg-freezing-self-care-pregnancy-fertilityhttps://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130293211

No, you didn't wake up back in March 12, 2019, this is just a rerun of the classic Giant Rodent episode in honor of Groundhog Day. Be back with something exciting next week!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/02/making-teeth-tough-beavers-show-way-to-improve-our-enamel-http://www.sci-news.com/biology/science-biswamoyopterus-laoensis-new-species-flying-squirrel-laos-01361.htmlhttps://www.apopo.info/en/tuberculosis-detection/projectshttp://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/tb/backgroundhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/23/rats-who-sniff-out-tubersulosishttps://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/08/140816-rats-tuberculosis-smell-disease-health-animals-world/[Fact Off]Hippos & biggest rodent:Beavers & carbon emissions:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/uoh-bha082918.phphttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/07/what-role-do-beavers-play-climate-changehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13280-014-0575-y[Ask the Science Couch]Gigantism:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-king-kong-should-have-been-blue-whale-180962603/https://www.nature.com/articles/482008dhttps://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120521-killer-mice-birds-gough-island-endangered-animals-science/https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00534.xhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358651/[Butt One More Thing]Capybara anal pouches:https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb05087.x

Our very own Josef 'Tuna' Metesh took Ceri's already exceptional sea shanty and turned it into a masterpiece!

Weather is an evergreen small talk topic, and after this episode of Tangents you will be fully equipped to blow the socks off every grocery store clerk, dental technician, and next door neighbor you meet with your in-depth knowledge of wind, precipitation, and more! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Brain Storm]Falling animalshttps://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/can-it-rain-frogs-fish-and-other-objectshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/strange-rain-why-fish-frogs-and-golf-balls-fall-skies-180956527/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/lluvia-de-peces-the-rain-of-fishhttps://www.thelocal.no/20150416/earthworms-rain-from-sky-over-southern-norwayAutomated Weather Observing Systemshttps://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Automated_Weather_Observing_System_(AWOS)https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_150_5220-16E.pdfCloud seedinghttps://www.technologyreview.com/2008/03/25/270084/weather-engineering-in-china/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7899086.stmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111123025420/http://www.ceawmt.in/indian_history.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809515000484https://www.ncm.ae/en/details.html?id=825&lid=575https://www.popsci.com/smog-cloud-seeding-thailand/https://web.archive.org/web/20161105045733/http://thainews.prd.go.th/website_en/news/news_detail/WNEVN5903040010016https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-01/ncfa-wcs012606.phphttps://journalofweathermodification.org/index.php/JWM/article/view/474https://www.weathermod-bg.eu/index_en.phphttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-fires-siberia/russia-seeds-clouds-in-siberia-to-douse-raging-wildfires-idUSKBN24B1JT[Fact Off]Tempest PrognosticatorPic here: https://www.amusingplanet.com/2019/07/tempest-prognosticator-predicting.htmlhttps://blogs.slv.vic.gov.au/our-stories/cloud-watching-understanding-weather/https://www.smithjournal.com.au/blogs/science/3898-can-you-predict-the-weather-with-leecheshttps://www.theguardian.com/news/2015/apr/19/weatherwatch-forecasting-tempest-prognosticator-storm-leechhttps://interestingengineering.com/scientists-used-leaches-to-predict-the-weatherhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/leeches-predict-weather-tempest-prognosticatorAMDARhttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020GL088613https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02198-4https://community.wmo.int/activity-areas/aircraft-based-observations/amdar/about-amdarhttps://amdar.noaa.gov/docs/bams/[Ask the Science Couch]Acid rainhttps://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rainhttp://butane.chem.uiuc.edu/pshapley/GenChem1/L26/3.htmlhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/acid-rain-and-water?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objectshttps://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/ocean-acidification

In the world of podcasting, one organ reigns supreme: the ear. This week, we give thanks to the orifice that allows us to enjoy SciShow Tangents and that also helps us balance for some reason!Also this week, the world premier of Sam's new game! It's a real corker! Also you will be required to visualize an entire cob of corn, so you better start practicing now.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Hear Ye Hear Ye]Toadfish Calls courtesy of the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology: https://www.birds.cornell.edu/homehttps://www.chesapeakebay.net/S=0/fieldguide/critter/oyster_toadfishSun Sonificationhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/sounds-of-the-sunWhistler-waveshttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-listens-in-as-electrons-whistle-while-they-workJupiter Bowshockhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasas-juno-spacecraft-enters-jupiters-magnetic-field[Fact Off]19th Century hearing devices Pictures here: http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/did/19thcent/index.htmhttps://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/26/technology/hearing-aids-smaller-and-smarter.htmlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/773357/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582694/Cheetah ears & vestibular organhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/cheetah-inner-ear-speed-hunting-spd/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-20198-3[Ask the Science Couch]Hearing losshttps://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hearing_loss/how_does_loud_noise_cause_hearing_loss.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11122/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hearing-loss/symptoms-causes/syc-20373072https://stanmed.stanford.edu/listening/scientists-hope-cure-hearing-loss-studying-birds.htmlhttps://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych289/Biotutorials/17/cochlea.shtmlhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/Content%20Images/presbycusis.pdfhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQEaiZ2j9oc

Tangents is back for a 3rd season, and things are going to get weird! So we’re embracing the weirdness by talking about some of the weirdest animals around: cephalopods! In this episode: new games of dubious scientific value and quality! Classic Ceri music ignorance! Big Suckers! And, most importantly, laughs galore! We missed you guys![Rhyme Time]I mean… what citation could there possibly be for this?I guess ask Hank if you want to know more about Squid Ink and Big Suckers?[Fact Off]Bacteria RNA Edithttps://www.hawaii.edu/news/2020/11/20/bacteria-direct-hawaiian-squid/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-11/uoha-bct111820.phphttps://www.quantamagazine.org/new-squid-genome-shines-light-on-symbiotic-evolution-20190219/The SciShow Video https://youtu.be/_XvgdNQsmVE?t=525Octopus Apartment Buildinghttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10236244.2012.727617https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/09/why-octopuses-are-building-small-cities-off-the-coast-of-australia/[Stump the Science Couch]https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/octopus-chronicles/why-don-t-octopuses-get-stuck-to-themselves/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-dont-octopus-suckers-stick-their-own-skin-180951465/

SciShow Tangents is still on a break, but we have another Enhanced Classics for you! This week, a rerun of Experiments in Space with a brand new Ask the Science Couch and Butt Fact!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Chicken Fathttps://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/aafex_biofuels.htmlBone losshttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=187Perfumehttps://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/spacescents_feature.htmlhttps://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2002/ch_1.html[Fact Off]Wake Shield Facilityhttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920014405https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/pg46s95.htmlhttps://uwaterloo.ca/molecular-beam-epitaxy/about/what-epitaxyhttps://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/03jan_bioniceyeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0042207X01003839https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009457650000148XImage: https://archive.org/details/STS069-724-095 Mouse sperm experimenthttps://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5988http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/theme/second/pmlatter/spacepup/[Ask the Science Couch]Rocket thrusthttps://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/UEET/StudentSite/engines.htmlhttps://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/390-rockets-and-thrusthttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/228785798_The_merits_of_cold_gas_micropropulsion_in_state-of-the-art_space_missionshttps://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/rocket/rktth1.html[Butt One More Thing]ISS Toilet

SciShow Tangents is taking a short break, but we didn't want to totally leave you hanging! You're about to listen to a rerun of the Light episode, but with a special twist: we recorded a new Ask the Science Couch and Butt Fact! Next week we'll be posting another of these Enhanced Classics, then we'll start releasing regular, full-length episodes again. Thanks for hanging with us!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]EROShttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334MOZEhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0FReSHhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html[Fact Off]Eidophorhttps://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.htmlhttps://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.htmlhttp://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.htmlCentennial lighthttp://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htmhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracyhttps://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel[Ask the Science Couch]Incandescence: http://edisontechcenter.org/incandescent.htmlhttps://physlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Planck_ref8.pdfhttps://www.fi.edu/history-resources/edisons-lightbulbLEDs:https://www.circuitbasics.com/what-is-a-diode/http://needtoknow.nas.edu/www7.nationalacademies.org/led-lighting/index-2.htmlhttps://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip/lightinganswers/led/color.asphttps://www.mrsec.psu.edu/content/light-emitting-diodes[Butt One More Thing]Fluorescent E.coli for colitishttps://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/msb.20167416

Join us as we send Stefan off in grand style by talking a lot about the things that bring him great joy in life: getting yolked, going to the store, and dice. He’s a complicated fellow!Stefan, it has been a great joy to co-host this silly show with you for the last two years! I know I speak for everyone when I say we will miss hearing your voice every week. Thank you for everything!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Spiders in carshttps://slate.com/news-and-politics/2014/04/mazda-issues-recall-because-spiders-invade-fuel-tank-causing-fire-risk.htmlhttps://www.popsci.com/blog-network/eek-squad/why-do-spiders-apparently-cars-so-much/http://delusion.ucdavis.edu/yellowsac.htmlhttps://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/10/toyota-is-recalling-more-than-800-000-cars-because-of-spiders/280694/Artificial Christmas trees made from car scrapshttps://www.aluminum.org/product-markets/automotivehttps://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/digital/collection/imlsmohai/id/14565/https://books.google.com/books?id=OlmGjEU7qU4C&pg=PA178&https://abcnews.go.com/US/ChristmasCountdown/story?id=1414607Mailing heavy car pieceshttps://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-history/bank-of-vernal.pdfhttps://www.deseret.com/2014/11/24/20553427/legend-of-vernal-bank-built-by-bricks-sent-through-post-office-partly-truehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_car[Fact Off]Wheaties jinglehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJpeR6GvpC8Workout clothing that regulates temperaturehttps://news.mit.edu/2017/moisture-responsive-workout-suit-0519http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/DiGRA_2020_paper_88.pdf[Ask the Science Stefan Couch]Random dice rollsHow random is dice rolling? http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8738/f63758598ca711c49817f9187f13c22a9893.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Farting gameshttp://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/DiGRA_2020_paper_88.pdf

This week, we celebrate the brains of this whole operation: Ceri! This episode starts out incredibly wholesome! There are beagles, Pokemon, gardening… but, per usual, Ceri has to make it all about body horror in the end. Find out what terrible modifications she’d make to the human body!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Fact Off]Pokemon memory studyArticles:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/su-abr050219.phphttps://www.theverge.com/2019/5/6/18531287/pokemon-neuroscience-visual-cortex-brain-informationhttps://massivesci.com/articles/pokemon-detective-pikachu-brains-video-games/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7567-why-your-brain-has-a-jennifer-aniston-cell/https://www.sciencealert.com/if-you-were-a-pokemon-whizz-as-a-kid-it-might-be-etched-in-your-brainPaper:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332900464_Extensive_childhood_experience_with_Pokemon_suggests_eccentricity_drives_organization_of_visual_cortexStanford Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEIuQRHElcQ&ab_channel=StanfordSciShow Video:https://youtu.be/UWEZiOZZ0uABeagle & polar bear poophttp://cincinnatizoo.org/news-releases/can-a-canine-detect-polar-bear-pregnancy/https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/11/12/elvis-the-dog-sniffs-out-pregnant-polar-bears/?utm_source=reddit.comhttps://www.wvxu.org/post/no-cubs-anana-zoos-polar-bear-not-pregnant#stream/0http://blog.cincinnatizoo.org/2014/09/01/how-can-you-tell-if-a-polar-bear-is-pregnant/[Ask the Science Ceri Couch]Oxygen tank organ https://www.nature.com/news/making-the-most-of-muscle-oxygen-1.13202https://jeb.biologists.org/content/218/14/2180https://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/15/2455https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23160832/https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/112428/12953_2004_Article_18.pdf;jsessionid=BF3DFABDCA9CECAFF34406DB7BF9BE50?sequence=1Electrogenic organhttps://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiologyopenstax/chapter/skeletal-muscle/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-electric-eels-genehttps://jeb.biologists.org/content/212/9/1351https://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/13/2451https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2005/24jun_electrostatics[Butt One More Thing]Pigeon poop hair bleachhttps://www.hji.co.uk/blonde/brief-history-of-blondes-hair-historian/https://books.google.com/books?id=Yw_0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT48&lpg=PT48

The Tangents team faces their most complicated, multi-faceted, and mysterious topic yet: Sam. Who is he? Can anyone ever really know? Find out in this very special episode. [Truth or Fail]Mini terrariumshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-X4g_fCmKwhttps://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/Experiment/exper/429https://history.nasa.gov/SP-400/contents.htmBaking powder submarineshttp://torgo.org/bpsubs/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2ApK7QnbPUC&pg=PA35#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://marinebio.org/creatures/tools/submarines/Bo'sun whistlehttps://telephone-museum.org/telephone-collections/capn-crunch-bosun-whistle/https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/capn-crunch-whistlehttps://garydrobson.com/2014/06/03/the-origins-of-phreaking/[Fact Off]Oxytocin in art class vs. board gamesArticle: https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/bu-cca021219.phpThe paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jomf.125563D print your own hermit crab[Ask the Science Sam Couch]D&D monsterRoving Mauler!https://1d4chan.org/images/0/01/Roving_Mauler.jpg[Butt One More Thing]Beetle coming out of frog’s butthttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/after-being-swallowed-alive-water-beetle-stages-backdoor-escape-from-frogs-gut/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(20)30842-3?_returnURL

Season 2 of SciShow Tangents is coming to a close, and to celebrate, we’re honoring each of our panelists with episodes about their favorite things! We’re starting, of course, with our fearless leader and professional liker-of-strange-and-amazing-things: Hank!  At the end of the month, we'll be naming the winner of this season and announcing the new name of the Tangents currency, so stay tuned!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Pressure-sensitive Adhesiveshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_adhesiveMalaria Detectorhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181029102828.htmUrine-Powered Transmitterhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151211130103.htmhttps://uwe-repository.worktribe.com/preview/844724/Wearable-MFC%2010-7-15_unedited.pdf[Fact Off]Cats eating grasshttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/08/mystery-solved-why-cats-eat-grassMetal whiskershttp://thor.inemi.org/webdownload/newsroom/Presentations/SMTAI-04_tin_whiskers.pdfhttps://nepp.nasa.gov/whisker/background/index.htmhttps://phys.org/news/2012-12-doctoral-student-unravels-tin-whisker.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359646218300319https://www.sharrettsplating.com/blog/alternatives-to-cadmium-for-plating-connectors/[Ask the Science Hank Couch]Wombat buttshttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/10/06/wombats-have-buns-of-steel-and-they-might-literally-be-deadly/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/11/wombat-poop-cube-why-is-it-square-shaped/Caterpillar poophttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/03/frass-fliesHydra butthttps://www.livescience.com/53980-terrifying-mouth-of-a-hydra.html[Butt One More Thing]Peru guanohttps://www.audubon.org/news/holy-crap-trip-worlds-largest-guano-producing-islandshttps://www.bbc.com/news/business-11153967

In the immortal words of Brian Wilson: "I'm gonna be round my vegetables, I'm gonna chow down my vegetables, I love you most of all... my favorite vegetable"And he's right, too. In this episode we get down in the dirt with our favorite veggies. Carrots... broccoli... and all the rest. All that, and Ceri tries out a fun new pun![Truth or Fail]Sponge gourdshttps://www.lewisginter.org/luffa-plant-exfoliate/Grasspeahttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6422318/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514116300629https://www.cwrdiversity.org/the-curious-case-of-the-grasspea/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20510335/https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/grasspea.htmlWild carrotshttp://www.carrotmuseum.co.uk/wild.htmlhttps://www.canr.msu.edu/news/poison-hemlock-identification-and-controlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6150177/[Fact Off]Spinach and growing organs https://www.wpi.edu/news/wpi-team-grows-heart-tissue-spinach-leaveshttps://api.nationalgeographic.com/distribution/public/amp/news/2017/03/human-heart-spinach-leaf-medicine-science?utm_source=reddit.comhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/03/27/scientists-convert-spinach-leaves-into-human-heart-tissue-that-beats/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a63bdefdc2b4ac54c102232/t/5a90cfc0ec212d945185b364/1519439811042/CYSJLabWinter2017.pdf#page=6Beet smell geosmin[Ask the Science Couch]Asparagus peehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1379935/pdf/brjclinpharm00087-0116.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1715705/pdf/brmedj00052-0020.pdfhttps://academic.oup.com/chemse/article/36/1/9/442551https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140818-mystery-of-asparagus-and-urinehttps://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i6071https://www.livescience.com/57199-why-some-people-cant-smell-asparagus-pee.htmlhttps://theconversation.com/that-distinctive-springtime-smell-asparagus-pee-94696[Butt One More Thing]Beeturiahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537012/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319447#Beetroot-pigments

If you look out a window right now, you're probably going to see a tree. And that tree? Why, it's made out of wood, friend. And that's where things start to get interesting... Get ready to meet Hank's newest alter-ego: Mr. Wood. He's basically Hank, but he just can't stop talking about wood! I had to cut like 3 different, very long stories he told about wood! The man LOVES wood!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Shipwormshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShipwormsDynamitehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/tunneling-clam-bedeviled-humans-sank-ships-conquered-oceans-180961288/Bounty Gaminghttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hanoi-rat-massacre-1902[Fact Off]Super WoodArticle: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180207151829.htmPaper: https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2018/fpl_2018_song001.pdfScrewdriver test: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BStJLI7WQ8g&ab_channel=VOANewsBallistic test: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVbczXDFe1Q&ab_channel=MarylandNanoCenterMetallic Woodhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-01/uop-pe012819.php[Ask the Science Couch]Splintershttp://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0615/p2557.htmlhttp://www.aafp.org/afp/2007/0901/p683.htmlhttp://www.the-dermatologist.com/content/treating-rare-fungal-infections-sporotrichosishttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082545/[Butt One More Thing]Toilet paper https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/622513/reason-toilet-paper-always-white

When you think architecture, you’re probably thinking blueprints, slide rules, maybe a compass or something, I don’t know. But it turns out some of our animal brethren can hold their own when it comes to building stuff, and they don’t have any of those fancy tools! They have, like, their mouths!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Blinds: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171130122759.htmhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201703653Algae: https://earthbuddies.net/algae-curtain/Electric Bacteria: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/electric-bacteria-create-currents-out-thin-and-thick-air#:~:text=Generating%20electricity%20from%20thin%20air,there's%20moisture%20in%20the%20air.[Fact Off]Crystal in hornet nestshttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2001/06/mystery-hornets-nest https://geology.com/minerals/ilmenite.shtml https://www.nature.com/articles/35079679 https://books.google.com/books?id=If229i4wRQEC&pg=PA25 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jemt.20168 Neolamprologus obscurus burrowshttps://www.popsci.com/fish-teamwork-snare-shrimp/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00265-018-2566-7https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180306101713.htm[Ask the Science Couch]Concrete & environmental impactshttps://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46455844https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/25/concrete-the-most-destructive-material-on-earthhttps://constructionclimatechallenge.com/2016/07/07/green-building-materials-that-are-alternatives-to-concrete/https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/mar/04/making-concrete-green-reinventing-the-worlds-most-used-synthetic-materialhttps://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/how-can-concrete-construction-be-greener [Butt One More Thing]Japanese transparent public toilethttps://www.dezeen.com/2020/08/17/shigeru-ban-transparent-toyko-toilet-shibuya https://tokyotoilet.jp/en/

It’s our 100th episode! And to celebrate our migration from double- to triple-digits, we’re talking about… animal migration... Ok, we forgot it was our 100th episode. But this is still a great episode!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Arrow Storkhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/76208/how-stork-solved-scientific-mysteryhttps://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2018/02/19/the_weirdest_ideas_about_bird_migration.htmlhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/places/zoological-collection-of-the-university-of-rostockhttps://labandfield.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/bird_migration/[Fact Off]American and European eel migrationhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2449503?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contentshttps://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37563100https://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/7/1329https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9705https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/mystery-of-the-vanishing-eelshttps://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/10/e1501694https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sargassosea.htmlArmy ant bivouac [Ask the Science Couch]Forest migrationhttps://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/BorealMigrationhttps://www.npr.org/2020/07/28/896030567/believe-it-or-not-forests-migrate-but-not-fast-enough-for-climate-changehttps://daily.jstor.org/the-incredible-moving-forest/[Butt One More Thing]Starling poop https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-05/rome-is-drowning-in-the-droppings-of-a-million-migrating-starlings

Monster Month bursts from the grave with one last shocking surprise! Enjoy this audio adventure through a haunted house, as Scary Ceri guides you through some of the spookiest sounds around! Be sure to wear your… deadphones! Ha ha ha ha ha!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Definition]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181681/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00761/full[Natural Sounds]https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/out-the-ooze/201511/what-makes-house-feel-hauntedhttps://www.businessinsider.com/why-horror-films-scary-fear-neuroscience-psychology-2016-10https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-wolf-howling-effect-used-in-horror-movieshttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/07/why-screams-are-so-scaryhttps://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2015/july/researchers-find-the-acoustic-signature-of-screams.htmlhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00737-X[Music]https://slate.com/culture/2012/06/in-scientific-studies-of-music-whats-missing-is-the-culture.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0374https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/07/the-jaws-theme-might-not-be-scary-for-tsimane-people/https://mcgovern.mit.edu/2020/06/16/universal-musical-harmony/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16448-6https://qz.com/quartzy/1429949/devils-interval-what-makes-music-sound-scary/[Extreme Highs & Lows]https://www.newscientist.com/article/2123018-the-feeling-you-get-when-nails-scratch-a-blackboard-has-a-name/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00131/fullhttps://scienceline.org/2011/10/why-do-we-hate-the-sound-of-nails-on-a-chalkboard/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/infrasound.htmlhttp://www.nbcnews.com/id/3077192#.X2kUu5NKhxwhttp://www.richardwiseman.com/resources/ghost-in-machine.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20110929142806/http://www.psy.herts.ac.uk/ghost/Something-in-the-Cellar.pdf[Butt One More Thing]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-018-9673-7#Sec14https://www.livescience.com/62165-how-to-overcome-embarrassment-fart-study.html

Monster Month meets its ghoulish end, and we’re throwing it a swinging wake! This week, all the monsters we didn’t talk about during the rest of October come together for a great big Monster Mash!Halloween is my favorite time of year, and this one has been more than a little weird. But working on Monster Month helped make up for some of the creepy fun I'm missing out on, and I hope it did the same for you!RIP Monster Month! For now...Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]King Kong suit experimentshttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00946-Xhttps://www.livescience.com/52209-apes-remember-ancitipate-scary-movie-scenes.html Thieving puppet experimenthttps://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/research-with-thieving-puppets-demonstrates-toddlers-caring-sides/Parrots wasting foodhttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/science/why-parrots-waste-food.htmlSocial interaction puppet experimenthttps://munewsarchives.missouri.edu/news-releases/2015/0210-babies-can-identify-complex-social-situations-and-react-accordingly-2/ [Fact Off] Birdcatcher treehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/dispersal-and-germination-of-seeds-of-pisonia-grandis-an-indopacific-tropical-tree-associated-with-insular-seabird-colonies/60178D05BB8FFDED4565F2EB72E9061Dhttps://www.sciencealert.com/this-tree-seems-to-kill-birds-just-for-the-heck-of-ithttps://www.academia.edu/16969627/_Birdlime_Sticky_Entrapments_in_Renaissance_Literature_https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/this-tree-lures-birds-with-a-free-lunch-and-then-kills-them/2017/03/31/27aa04c0-1309-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.htmlhttps://www.theargus.co.uk/news/16882829.birds-killed-illegal-glue-traps-horsham-nature-reserve/ Bloodsucking (Capri Son) anthttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/uoia-dap120618.phphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9dsINb64Q0&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=AntLabhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dracula-ants-snapping-jaws-are-fastest-known-appendage-any-animal-180971061/#:~:text=According%20to%20Hannah%20Devlin%20of,them%20%E2%80%9Cfull%20of%20holes.%E2%80%9Dhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/shadow-labyrinth-mirror-new-species-of-child-eating-dracula-ants-get-cool-ninja-names/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/pp-snd032814.php [Ask the Science Couch] Organ transplantshttps://www.cedars-sinai.org/programs/transplant-center/programs/kidney-pancreas/abo-incompatibility.htmlhttps://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/transplant/programs/reconstructive_transplant/hand_transplant.htmlhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-019-0215-3https://jbioleng.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13036-017-0089-9 Blood compatibility https://www.rch.org.au/bloodtrans/about_blood_products/Blood_Groups_and_Compatibilities/https://www.cedars-sinai.org/programs/transplant-center/programs/kidney-pancreas/abo-incompatibility.html [Butt One More Thing] Yeti poop actually bearshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/11/yeti-legends-real-animals-dna-bears-himalaya-science/

Monster Month turns up the spooky sex appeal as we talk about the hunkiest monster in Monster Town: vampires!  What monster do you think is the hunkiest? Or how about least-hunkiest (sort of tricky! They can all be hunks in their own way)? Send us a tweet and let us know!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail] Wirewormshttps://extension.entm.purdue.edu/fieldcropsipm/insects/corn-wireworms.phphttps://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119566-overview Vampire Ground Finchhttp://blog.discoveringgalapagos.org.uk/vampire-finch/ Japanese Wild Boarshttps://www.nal.usda.gov/fsrio/research-projects/silver-nanoparticles-pesticide-agricultural-applications#:~:text=Silver%20nanoparticles%20have%20received%20significant,resistance%20to%20existing%20chemical%20pesticides.https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2136652/wild-boars-are-taking-over-japans-small-towns-and-residents-are [Fact Off] Blood batteryhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160429095849.htmhttps://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Scientists-create-bio-batteries-which-can-be-charged-with-human-sweat/articleshow/40198217.cmshttps://futurism.com/blood-is-helping-us-make-the-next-generation-of-batteries Tick traumatic insemination https://www.pnas.org/content/116/29/14682https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/08/immune-system-protects-female-bedbugs-traumatic-sexhttps://phys.org/news/2019-07-female-bed-bugs-immune-stis.html [Ask the Science Couch] Teeth/beak/etc puncturehttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/common-vampire-bat/https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7242.htmlhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/11/2/154/204658https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00583.x Specialized mouthpiece strawhttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-bloodhttps://web.natur.cuni.cz/parasitology/vyuka/LekEnt_CV/The%20Biology%20of%20Blood-Sucking%20in%20Insects.pdf [Butt One More Thing] Vampire bat poophttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/science/vampire-bats-blood.htmlhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0476-8

Monster Month shambles on! This week: the living dead! We’re talking zombies, we’re talking Frankensteins, we’re talking skeletons. And by the end, things get downright poignant!Also in this episode, an all time Hank hot take about ghosts. I’d love to hash that one out more, so be sure to hit him up on Twitter so we can all figure out why he thinks ghosts are alive… Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Brazilian Treehoppershttps://io9.gizmodo.com/the-brazilian-treehopper-may-be-the-strangest-creature-5975761https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/what-is-a-brazilian-treehopper/Cicada Wing Flickinghttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoc-iot022218.phpProtective Ant Fungushttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-05/ps-tzf050212.php[Fact Off]Neochromosomes (Frankenstein’s monster chromosomes) & cancerhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/giom-ssm110514.phphttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905327/https://www.nature.com/articles/515314bhttps://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/S1535-6108(14)00373-0https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14493https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574218300322https://www.nature.com/articles/4401161Glass knifefish brain transplanthttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/njio-sb032420.phphttps://news.njit.edu/simulated-frankenfish-brain-swaps-reveal-senses-control-body-movement[Ask the Science Couch]Trying to reanimate animal corpseshttps://www.livescience.com/65542-zombies-real-resurrection-experiments.htmlhttps://io9.gizmodo.com/real-life-scientists-who-meddled-with-life-and-death-5949176https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15595271/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003497500010912Animal brainshttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01216-4https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0006899374904788https://science.sciencemag.org/content/168/3929/375 [Butt One More Thing] Dead butt syndromehttps://www.healthline.com/health/dead-butt-syndrome

It’s ba-ack! Fear Month is back from the dead in a hideous new form: Monster Month! This week we’re busting out the Ouija board and summoning forth some Ghostly science knowledge from beyond this earthly plane! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Bioluminescent/reflective animalshttps://www.owlpages.com/owls/articles.php?a=18https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2014.0206https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/07/150724-fireflies-glow-bugs-summer-nation-science/Marsh gaseshttps://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i38/George-Washington-Scientist.htmlhttps://www.popsci.com/jack-o-lanterns-marsh-lights/https://discovernjhistory.org/magical-mud-microbes-and-methane/https://www.nj.gov/state/historical/it-happened-here/ihhnj-er-first-science-ex.pdfhttps://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/rocky-hill-experiment/Pepper's ghost illusionhttps://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/the-science-behind-the-pepper-s-ghost-illusion/http://www.theatrecrafts.com/pages/home/glossary-of-technical-theatre-terms/more-about-peppers-ghost/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aekye5/the-science-behind-the-worlds-most-convincing-ghost-effect[Fact Off]Feeling of presence ghost robothttps://www.wired.com/2014/11/robot-ghost/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-robot-messes-with-your-brain-until-you-feel-a-ghostly-presence/Ghost fleas and mercuryhttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/ghost-fleas-bring-toxic-mercury-depths-prairie-lakeshttps://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/26294/20200701/ghost-fleas-act-mercury-elevators-bring-toxin-up-depths-lake.htm[Ask the Science Couch]EMF readershttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-broken-technology-of-ghost-hunting/506627/https://www.livescience.com/4261-shady-science-ghost-hunting.htmlhttps://io9.gizmodo.com/meet-the-emf-meter-the-little-tool-that-ghost-hunters-5875212

We're taking a short dirt nap this week in preparation for October's frightening festivities! Enjoy this classic, slightly spooky episode and join us next week as we kick off Monster Month!It'll be worth the wait, I promise!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Poem]https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-pitcher-plants-call-bats-get-their-poo-180956014/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1141[Truth or Fail]Bats that spend time on the ground:http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/03/vampire-bats-keep-out-trouble-running-study-showshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16621953https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/creatura-blog/2018/01/why-fly-when-you-can-shuffle-the-lesser-short-tailed-bat-prefers-the-ground/Diurnal bats:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/11/daytime-bats-help-explain-nocturnal-evolution/https://blogs.plos.org/ecology/2017/06/29/bat-species-found-only-on-islands-in-trouble-worldwide/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.ahead-of-print/mammalia-2017-0128/mammalia-2017-0128.xmlSuction cup bats:https://www.wired.com/2010/04/how-sucker-winged-bats-hang-on/[Fact Off]Bat & dolphin echolocation:https://evolutionnews.org/2012/05/tangling_the_tr/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/hear-bats-and-whales-share-sonar-proteinhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)02073-9https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12511https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/refined-fine-tuned-placental-mammal-family-tree/Moth echolocation blocker:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/07/moths-block-bats-sonarhttp://science.sciencemag.org/content/325/5938/325?keytype=ref&siteid=sci&ijkey=GbDjRlkoHfRnYhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2009/07/17/tiger-moths-jam-the-sonar-of-bats/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/14/2416[Ask the Science Couch]White-nose syndrome:https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/bat_crisis_white-nose_syndrome/Q_and_A.htmlhttps://www.whitenosesyndrome.org/static-page/what-is-white-nose-syndromehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-bats-could-bounce-back-devastating-white-nose-syndrome-180969378/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02441-zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/2/48[Butt One More Thing]Bat guano gunpowder:https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dkc09

What would a podcast be without language? Perhaps a series of soothing tones? Maybe frog sounds? Wait… that sounds nice… Need more sweet language knowledge? Crash Course Linguistics: https://youtu.be/eDop3FDoUzkWant more Deboki? Journey to the Microcosmos: https://youtu.be/17tug6T-4jcCrash Course Organic Chemistry: https://youtu.be/bSMx0NS0XfYAnd follow her on Twitter: https://twitter.com/okidoki_bokiAnd every other Tangents episode! She does a ton of behind the scenes work and we’d, frankly, be screwed without her! Thank you, Deboki!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Mustached bat sounds and syntaxhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962992/  Heaps Lawhttps://www.johndcook.com/blog/2019/08/27/heaps-law/ Jackass penguin honkshttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0589https://www.livescience.com/jackass-penguin-linguistic-rules.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/jackass-penguin-calls-follow-similar-rules-human-speech-180974139/https://youtu.be/oTOcJj_NNUg  Speed dating communicationhttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/04/30/151550273/to-predict-dating-success-the-secrets-in-the-pronouns Prairie dog chatterhttps://www.prairiedoghoogland.com/vocalizationshttps://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/79/3/887/859259[Fact Off]Facebook machine learning of language https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/uops-fuc030620.phpHypothetical spaceship languagehttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200706145433.htmhttps://zenodo.org/record/3747353#.X1j66nlKiJc[Ask the Science Couch]Human language efficiency https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/06/complex-languages/489389/https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/9/eaaw2594http://www.ithkuil.net/00_intro.htmlComputer languages https://thenewstack.io/which-programming-languages-use-the-least-electricity/https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/compiled-versus-interpreted-languages/[Butt One More Thing]Pumpernickelhttps://www.visualthesaurus.com/cm/wordroutes/the-devilish-origins-of-pumpernickel/

Jeepers creepers, today we’re talking about peepers!  I can't come up with anything that would really add to the above description of the episode, but I also feel like I owe you guys more than that... so hey, what's up? Excited for Halloween? Watching any good shows? I'm sort of out of shows...  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail] Bat Eyeshttps://www.vice.com/en_us/article/78kwdz/bats-crash-into-each-other-all-the-time-high-speed-cameras-reveal Guitarfish Eyeshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/instead-eyelids-fish-has-special-muscles-retract-its-eyeball-180957005/ https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/sharks#:~:text=Sharks%20have%20eyelids%2C%20but%20they,damage%20when%20fighting%20or%20feeding.&text=In%20addition%2C%20some%20species%20have,the%20eye%20in%20dicey%20situations. Goat Eyeshttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/07/430149677/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles [Fact Off] Glowing Contactshttps://www.caltech.edu/about/news/glowing-contact-lens-could-prevent-leading-cause-blindness-82050https://orionvisiongroup.com/blog/glow-in-the-dark-contact-treatment-diabetic-retinopathy/#:~:text=Diabetic%20Retinopathy%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Facts,the%20precursor%20to%20nerve%20death. Cockeyed squidshttps://today.duke.edu/2017/02/mismatched-eyes-help-squid-survive-ocean%E2%80%99s-twilight-zonehttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0069https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/this-squid-gives-better-side-eye-than-youhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-someone-get-two/ [Ask the Science Couch] Eye shapeshttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/90509/13-furry-facts-about-pallass-cathttps://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/7/e1500391https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/07/430149677/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles [Butt One More Thing] Cow butt eyehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/painting-eyes-cow-butts-could-save-cow-and-lion-lives-180975601/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/627983/save-cow-from-predators-paint-eyes-on-its-butt

Beep beep, toot toot, etc. Cars are definitely one of the more common-place things we’ve talked about on Tangents… yet to some, including many on our panel, they are even more mysterious and confusing than the human body or the fundamental forces of nature! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Freeze-dryinghttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/nuos-nit031820.phpReplacing human tissueshttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/cuot-nrm031320.phphttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b01924Batterieshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827151654.htmhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/RA/C4RA03888F#!divAbstract [Fact Off]Added engine noisehttps://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15117726/faking-it-engine-sound-enhancement-explained-tech-dept/https://www.carthrottle.com/post/5-ways-that-manufacturers-enhance-the-sound-of-their-cars/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/americas-best-selling-cars-and-trucks-are-built-on-lies-the-rise-of-fake-engine-noise/2015/01/21/6db09a10-a0ba-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.htmlhttps://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a7923/the-rise-of-the-fake-engine-roar-11291754/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15107374/this-is-why-various-engine-types-sound-so-different-feature/ [Ask the Science Couch]Wheels vs. trackshttps://litetrax.com/wheels-vs-tracks-advantages-disadvantages/https://www.macallisterrentals.com/track-vs-wheeled-equipment-type-machine-rent/3 vs. 4 wheelshttps://thenewswheel.com/why-do-cars-have-four-wheels/https://jalopnik.com/why-three-wheels-are-better-than-four-5950307 [Butt One More Thing]https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(07)01404-5/pdf

Does the Tangents crew know anything about black holes? Not really. But when has that ever stopped us? Let’s get theoretical! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Gravastarhttps://www.universetoday.com/24299/types-of-stars/https://web.archive.org/web/20061213095149/http://www.lanl.gov/news/releases/archive/02-035.shtmlBlanethttps://www.sciencealert.com/we-have-ploonets-we-have-moonmoons-now-hold-onto-your-hats-for-blanetshttps://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15198Massteroidhttps://www.space.com/51-asteroids-formation-discovery-and-exploration.htmlhttps://solarsystem.nasa.gov/basics/primer/ [Fact Off]Stealing energy from black holehttp://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/nagasawa2/https://www.sciencealert.com/an-experiment-has-just-demonstrated-how-energy-could-be-extracted-from-a-black-holehttps://www.gla.ac.uk/news/headline_727690_en.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=73&v=ES2VxhRAkUM&feature=emb_titlehttps://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/black-hole.htm#:~:text=The%20Schwarzschild%20black%20hole%20is,singularity%20and%20an%20event%20horizon.&text=The%20Kerr%20black%20hole%2C%20which,it%20was%20formed%20was%20rotating.https://www.quora.com/What-is-an-ergospherehttps://www.howmusicworks.org/103/Sound-and-Music/Amplitude-and-Frequency#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20main%20properties,how%20loud%20the%20sound%20is.&text=A%20frequency%20of%201%20Hz%20means%20one%20wave%20cycle%20per%20second.[Ask the Science Couch]White holeshttps://www.space.com/white-holes.htmlhttps://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/white-holes-do-black-holes-have-mirror-imageshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1HqOEbq2L4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4aqGI1mSqo [Butt One More Thing]Carl Sagan BHAhttps://www.engadget.com/2014-02-26-when-carl-sagan-sued-apple-twice.html#:~:text=In%20the%20wake%20of%20Sagan's,first%20place%20is%20beyond%20comical.

Milk is pretty normal, right? Boring even! But have you ever thought about it? Like, really thought about it? We have! And I gotta say, it led us to some challenging places. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

We get A LOT of questions from our listeners! So this week we decided to put the competition on hold, open up the old Tangents Mailbag, and answer a few of them!  Get ready to learn some of our deepest secrets, like what Ceri thinks about yogurt and Stefan's milk conundrum! There are other, less dairy related things in this episode, too. Once again, thank you all for your support and for all of the amazing questions you ask us every week. We couldn't do it without you! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:Artificial sugarshttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.htmlhttps://sucralose.org/sucralose-facts/#:~:text=Sucralose%20is%20made%20by%20a,%2C%20but%20is%20calorie%2Dfree.https://www.stevia.com/2016/10/03/how-is-stevia-leaf-extract-made/https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/artificial-sweetener8.htmhttp://www.yalescientific.org/2010/09/mythbusters-does-sugar-really-make-children-hyper/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/391812https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7963081/Photic sneezinghttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-bright-light-cau/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03012675https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1042271/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41551-0Milk and bonesWhale hearinghttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118582https://dosits.org/animals/sound-reception/marine-mammals-hear/hearing-in-cetaceans/https://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/how-to-see-what-whales-hear/https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/marine-mammals/keeping-ear-out-whale-evolutionhttp://repository.ias.ac.in/4651/1/321.pdfDuck swimming https://www.audubon.org/news/webbed-feet-are-evolutionary-hithttps://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/110/3/543/2415604https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/uropygial-glandhttps://academy.allaboutbirds.org/feathers-article/Multivitamins[Butt One More Thing]Anal poucheshttps://books.google.com/books?id=IETMd3-lSlkC&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99https://www.wired.com/2015/01/creature-feature-10-fun-facts-fossa/

Glowing Things: is that a scientific topic? Yes, but not by much. In fact, we spend a lot of the episode figuring out of there even is a scientific definition of 'glow!' Very exciting! Here's a little fun fact for all you Sam-heads out there: my favorite color is 'glow-in-the-dark green." That's right, I finally admit that I'm the one writing all these descriptions! I guess Ceri doesn't do everything after all, huh?!  Peace, Sam Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org!   [Truth or Fail] Foxfire https://allthatsinteresting.com/foxfire-bioluminescence#:~:text=Foxfire%20is%20the%20informal%20term,together%20to%20form%20a%20glow. Submarine https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/david-bushnells-turtle-of-1776.html https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/s/submarine-turtle-naval-documents.html There is a LOT about this submarine, and a lot of it is contradictory! A very fun Google rabbit hole to fall down.  [Fact Off] Death fluorescence  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/blue-death-in-worms/ https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001613 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735983/ Picture: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735983/figure/F1/ Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6S3D8Fy8N4 Millipede glowing genitals https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/187/1/117/5475011?searchresult=1 The Brain Scoop video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjNQUOYtZC0 [Ask the Science Couch] Freezing glow sticks https://www.compoundchem.com/2014/10/14/glowsticks/ https://www.thoughtco.com/how-do-lightsticks-work-607878 https://www2.chem.uic.edu/marek/apintropage/ap_notes/chapter18/rateseffectstempconcats.htm [Butt One More Thing] Glow Woims  https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/16/science/glow-worms-new-zealand.html

What do proteins do? Heck, an easier question to answer would be 'what don't they do?" No, seriously... I think they do, like, everything. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Protein gamehttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/victory-for-crowdsourced-biomolecule2/Protein musichttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190626125052.htmWhey fabrichttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-01/ded-ssa012317.php[Fact Off]Prions in wine yeasthttps://phys.org/news/2014-08-prions-trigger-stuck-wine-fermentations.html#:~:text=Working%20through%20a%20prion%E2%80%94an,without%20altering%20the%20yeast's%20DNA.Spider silk in vaccineshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180612185155.htmhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/udg-ank061218.phphttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961218302473?via%3Dihubhttp://news.mit.edu/2019/spider-silk-humidity-robotic-muscle-0301[Ask the Science Couch]Complete proteinshttps://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/complete-and-incomplete-proteins-grains-and-vegetableshttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002467.htmhttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002222.htmhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-03/cfgr-utr031119.phphttps://academic.oup.com/jn/article/134/6/1558S/4688841[Butt One More Thing]Sonic hedgehog anorectal malformationhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1850556/

What’s a frog? Well, it’s not quite a fish, and it’s not quite a lizard, but put them together and you have a stout, slimy little pal that everyone can agree on! Especially Ceri! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links! [Truth or Fail]GlueImage of crucifix frog: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Holy_Cross_Frog.jpghttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05473-zhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6492-frog-glue-repairs-damaged-cartilage/SandImage of tadpoles: https://www.thehindu.com/migration_catalog/article14128847.ece/ALTERNATES/LANDSCAPE_1200/31th-frog2.jpghttp://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160330-these-newly-discovered-frogs-have-really-weird-tadpoleshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0151781SuctionImage of paradox frog tadpole: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NHM_London_Paradoxical_frog_(Pseudis_paradoxa)_model.jpghttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/31509/what-big-baby-life-and-times-paradox-froghttps://www.mtpr.org/post/field-notes-tale-montanas-strangest-frog[Fact Off]Foam-nest frogshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1D8b4e9nGwEhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0934Frog cell robotshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200113175653.htmhttps://www.pnas.org/content/117/4/1853Video: https://movie-usa.glencoesoftware.com/video/10.1073/pnas.1910837117/video-1[Ask the Science Couch]Sticky frog tongueshttps://theconversation.com/the-frog-tongue-is-a-high-speed-adhesive-72064https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0764https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/watch-frog-s-tongue-ultrasoft-shock-absorber[Butt One More Thing]Frog skin buttock grafthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2355278/?page=1

The Tangents crew needed to get out and enjoy some summer sun, so this week we're reposting our classic Bees episode! Tune in next week for a new episode!Do you ever just wonder, “are the bees doing okay?” They’re so important to our food industry and native ecosystems, and every couple of years it seems like something horribly bad is happening to them. So this week, we’re taking a look at the fascinating lives and deaths of bees! Can they recognize human faces or understand the concept of zero? Why are blister beetles mimicking sexy bee pheromones? And what do nightclubs and honeybee hives have in common? Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org![Poem]https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120316-hot-bee-balls-hornets-insects-brains-animals-science/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/206/2/353.full.pdf[Truth or Fail]Handedness in beesBees understanding zeroBees recognize faces[Fact Off]Blister beetles: Drunk bees:[Ask the Science Couch]CCD: https://www.epa.gov/pollinator-protection/colony-collapse-disorderGlyphosate:http://jeb.biologists.org/content/218/17/2799https://www.glyphosate.eu/glyphosate-mechanism-actionhttps://www.pnas.org/content/115/41/10305Native bees:https://www.wired.com/2015/04/youre-worrying-wrong-bees/http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Xerces_policy_statement_HB_Final.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5722319/[Butt One More Thing]Isopentyl acetate:https://www.extension.entm.purdue.edu/beehive/pdf/Breed_et_al.pdfhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/isoamyl_acetate#section=Top

From toenails to T-cells, human bodies have a whole lot of moving parts, which means there’s ample opportunity for things to go not-quite-according-to-plan!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]Salmonellahttps://www.technologyreview.com/2007/09/25/223729/deadly-bacteria-from-outer-space/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/in-space-infectious-diseases-reveal-their-true-nature-19761956/)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515522/UTIhttps://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/science/germs-in-space-tougher-and-deadlier/article694273/#:~:text=In%201970%2C%20Fred%20Haise%2C%20part,2006%20mission%2C%20including%20Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa.https://history.nasa.gov/SP-350/ch-13-5.htmlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23658630/Green Musclehttps://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/_docs/programs/poultry/IS1976%20Deep%20Pectoral%20Myopathy.pdfSupplemental https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/547736/what-happens-when-astronaut-gets-sick-space#:~:text=Astronauts%20floating%20around%20in%20zero,can%20sometimes%20cause%20an%20injury.&text=That%20happened%20with%20spaceflight%2Dassociated,their%20eyes%20during%20space%20missions.[Fact Off]Fake Typhus epidemichttps://archive.org/stream/NavyMedicine198004/Navy%20Medicine%201980-04#page/n27/mode/2uphttps://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.htmlhttps://www.dshs.texas.gov/lab/serology_agg.shtmhttps://amednews.com/article/20040705/profession/307059953/6/https://academic.oup.com/trstmh/article-abstract/37/5/321/1898852?redirectedFrom=fulltextGlaucoma T-cellshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180810091530.htmhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05681-9

The sea is filled with giant, super-smart aquatic mammals communicating across vast distances and using the stars to navigate. No jokes in this description! Whales are amazing!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org[Truth or Fail]Dogs sniffing out poophttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703337/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-dogs-sniffing-out-whale-poop-science-180958050/https://conservationbiology.uw.edu/research-programs/killer-whales/https://www.biology.washington.edu/news/news/1504634400/tucker-orca-poop-detection-dog-seattlemetRobots scooping poophttp://dcs.whoi.edu/https://www.newsdeeply.com/oceans/articles/2018/02/22/whale-of-a-journey-robot-searches-for-elusive-humpbacks-on-high-seashttps://money.cnn.com/2016/09/30/technology/mit-robots-sewers/index.htmlWhale litter boxhttps://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/faking-out-whales[Fact Off]Whale heartbeathttps://www.pnas.org/content/116/50/25329https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-11/su-rrf112219.phphttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-measure-blue-whales-heart-rate-first-time-180973662/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/11/diving-blue-whales-heart-beats-very-very-slowly/602557/Lunge feedinghttps://www.nature.com/articles/nature11135https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-05/uobc-gwh042815.phphttps://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whaleshttps://www.popsci.com/whale-nerve-cells-can-stretchhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982215002845[Ask the Science Couch]Whale navigationhttps://www.wired.com/2011/04/humpback-whale-migration/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0279https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/solar-storms-might-throw-migrating-whales-course-180974278/https://meridian.allenpress.com/jcr/article-abstract/doi/10.2112/SI75-111.1/29667/Coastal-Fronts-Utilized-by-Migrating-Humpback?redirectedFrom=PDFhttps://www.livescience.com/63791-underwater-volcanoes-tasmania.html[Butt One More Thing]Anal syruphttp://whitelab.biology.dal.ca/rwb/kogiastat.pdfhttps://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/pygmy-sperm-whalehttps://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/slimy-saliva-sticky-tongues-and-anal-syrup-3-of-the-slimiest-creatures-in-the-animal-kingdom/

Humanity’s quest for flight has been, all things considered, extremely successful! Sure, we aren’t all zipping around in jetpacks yet… but honestly I don’t think we’re ready for jetpacks. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org![Truth or Fail]Donut-shaped aircrafthttps://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=US&NR=2014319274A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=20141030&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EPhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/flying-saucer-patents-alexander-weygershttps://patents.google.com/patent/US2377835A/enWilliams X-Jethttps://patents.google.com/patent/US4447024https://www.theguardian.com/science/2000/sep/14/technology2More pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_X-Jet#/media/File:Williams_X-Jet_-_side_view.jpgFlying magic carpet https://books.google.com/books?id=biYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&https://www.theverge.com/2011/11/3/2504531/jetpack-history-future-passed[Fact Off]First aerial photographhttps://www.geriwalton.com/felix-nadars-giant-balloon-le-geant/#:~:text=Felix%20Nadar's%20giant%20balloon%2C%20or,known%20by%20the%20pseudonym%20Nadar.&text=Caricature%20of%20Nadar%20as%20a%20ballooning%20photographer.https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/dec/23/books-felix-nadar-france-photography-flighthttp://www.artinsociety.com/the-adventures-of-nadar-photography-ballooning-invention--the-impressionists.htmlhttps://papa.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=808138&module_id=158950Drone organ transporthttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/uomm-uom042619.phphttps://www.jems.com/2020/01/29/new-partnership-in-drone-delivery-system-for-human-organs/https://weare.techohio.ohio.gov/2019/10/30/vyrtx-pioneers-air-corridor-for-drone-delivery-of-organs/[Ask the Science Couch]Alberto Santos-Dumonthttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Alberto-Santos-Dumonthttps://www.cnet.com/news/were-the-wright-brothers-really-first-not-in-brazil/https://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/ptech/12/10/brazil.santosdumont.reut/http://www.wright-brothers.org/History_Wing/History_of_the_Airplane/Who_Was_First/Santos_Dumont/Santos_Dumont.htm[Butt One More Thing]Airplane stinky poophttp://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/31908620/ba-flight-forced-to-land-early-because-of-smelly-poo

From the joyful to the hateful to the extremely weird, the Internet is all of the complexity of human thought given shape! And boy do humans think about cats and sex a lot! I hope you're all doing well!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangnets.org!

From itchy and annoying to potentially deadly, allergies seem to make our lives worse for pretty much no discernible reason! [Truth or Fail]Hot Dog Allergy https://spoonuniversity.com/lifestyle/hot-dog-allergiehttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1994783/Cat-Porkhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594363/Parent Spithttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/05/06/180817114/parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies[Fact Off]Thunderstorm asthmahttps://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/106/3/207/1565254https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cea.12709https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/thunderstorm-asthma-the-night-a-deadly-storm-took-melbournes-breath-away-20170308-gut8ur.htmlhttps://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/nov/27/thunderstorm-asthma-oure-talking-an-event-equivalent-to-a-terrorist-attackLangerhans cellshttps://www.popsci.com/allergy-immunotherapy-toothpaste/https://allovate.com/how-allerdent-works/[Ask the Science Couch]Allergies & public horticulturehttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/seasonal-allergies-blame-male-treeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016920461100137Xhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-08/asoa-hpc082615.php[Butt One More Thing]Milk allergy fecal transplanthttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-018-0324-z

Are you suffering from mild boredom, a grumpy frown, and a general lack of extremely niche scientific knowledge? Well, SciShow Tangents has the cure for what ails you!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Cleaner Shrimphttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180823092057.htmhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-018-3379-yDolphin letterhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111205105601/http://explore.georgetown.edu/news/?ID=57991&PageTemplateID=295Stressed Micehttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/07/050729063608.htmhttps://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-dont-be-misled[Fact Off]Ant Medicshttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajp.1350160407https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/02/matabele-ants-rescue-heal-injured-soldiers/https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-paramedic-ants-20180216-story.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2017.2457Two-Headed Flatwormshttps://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(17)30427-7https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002481https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005273612000855[Ask the Science Couch]Scar tissue vs. normal tissuehttps://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07430-whttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3840475/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4352699/https://medicine.yale.edu/dermatology/dermsurg/Chapter%2018%20Time%20and%20Care%20Heals%20All%20Wounds_36907_284_5_v1.pdfReducing scarringhttps://medschool.cuanschutz.edu/surgery/specialties/endocrine/patient-care/adrenalectomy/scar-managementhttps://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/everyday-cuts-and-scrapes-how-to-prevent-scarringhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842869/Fetal wound healinghttps://hsci.harvard.edu/skin-regeneration-and-rejuvenationhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4229131/[Butt One More Thing]Cow poop poulticehttps://books.google.com/books?id=0y6gAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=In+dung#v=onepage&q=In%20dung&f=falsehttps://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/poultice

Kicking the ball, passing another type of ball, running around the big arena and making a point! SciShow Tangents knows one thing and that one thing is SPORTS! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Crowd Noisehttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/45821302_Crowd_Noise_as_a_Cue_in_Referee_Decisions_Contributes_to_the_Home_Advantagehttps://www.earq.com/hearing-health/articles/going-to-a-football-gamehttps://www.hear-the-world.com/en/media/media-releases/world-cup-fans-warned-about-risk-of-hearing-damage-from-vuvuzelaRoboCuphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=350&v=H8xc6LpiNVs&feature=emb_titlehttps://www.forbes.com/sites/annatobin/2019/06/25/what-to-expect-from-robocup-2019-the-robotics-soccer-world-cup-kicks-off-july-2/#484935147485https://www.robocup.org/leagues/3HudGlasseshttps://newatlas.com/form-ar-swim-goggles/60985/https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2018/04/everysight-cycling-display.html[Fact Off]Rats playing hide-and-seekhttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/09/why-scientists-taught-rats-play-hide-and-seek/597799/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/09/lab-rats-play-hide-and-seek-fun-it-new-study-showshttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/so-you-think-you-know-why-animals-play/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/07/science/animals-play-games.htmlhttps://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aax4705 Empathy video gamehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/uow-avg080918.phphttps://news.wisc.edu/a-video-game-can-change-the-brain-may-improve-empathy-in-middle-schoolers/[Ask the Science Couch]Getting competitive about gameswww.nbcnews.com/better/pop-culture/why-board-games-bring-out-worst-us-ncna828726www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/uoc--yga061314.phpwww.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/ucl-ddm053116.phpwww.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/s-tsh062818.phpParasocial relationships & sports fanshttps://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1963&context=thesesdissertationshttps://surface.syr.edu/thesis/358/https://www.units.miamioh.edu/psybersite/fans/sit.shtmlhttps://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2368&context=thesesdissertations[Butt One More Thing]Butt controllerhttps://phys.org/news/2013-12-valve-mouth-mouse-butt-gadgets-video.html

Mammals pretty much have the market cornered on hair, and you know all the other types of animals are jealous of us. Imagine a little lizard with bangs or something? It just wouldn’t be right. Sorry!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]Camarillo white horsehttps://books.google.com/books?id=WyYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA216&lpg=RA1-PA216&dq=%22telescopic+sight%22+spider+silk#v=onepage&q=%22telescopic%20sight%22%20spider%20silk&f=falsehttps://vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/horse/CamarilloWhite.phphttps://www.camarillowhitehorses.org/history_camarillo_white_horses.htmlAfrican crested rathttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1169https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/08/case-poisonous-rathttps://www.livescience.com/15360-crested-rat-poison-hairs-kills.htmlMalabar giant squirrelhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/04/indian-giant-squirrels-colors-camouflage/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/shortcuts/2017/jan/08/colour-changing-cats-warn-radioactive-waste-nuclear-plants-distant-descendants[Fact Off]Hyena poop hair preservationGraphene hair dyehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-03/nu-gfn031218.phphttps://www.cell.com/chem/fulltext/S2451-9294(18)30082-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2451929418300822%3Fshowall%3Dtrue[Ask the Science Couch]Grey hairwww.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-hair-turn-gray/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/307/5710/720https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(05)00293-X?https://www.fasebj.org/doi/full/10.1096/fj.08-125435Stresswww.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/22/stress-speeds-up-hair-greying-process-science-confirmshttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-1935-3https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/hair-turn-gray-2017091812226[Butt One More Thing]Trichobezoar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083501/

Salt: a mineral so nice that much of early human civilization was based on its procurement! Now we put big chunks of it on tasty pretzels at the mall! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Lake Peigneurhttps://www.damninteresting.com/lake-peigneur-the-swirling-vortex-of-doom/https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/08/sinkhole-swallowed-11-barges/Brinacleshttps://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/underwater-brinicles.htmSalt Hotelhttps://theculturetrip.com/south-america/bolivia/articles/welcome-to-the-hotel-thats-made-entirely-from-salt/[Fact Off]Coconut water IVhttp://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/14/12/5144https://podcasts.ufhealth.org/can-coconut-water-mimic-human-plasma/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735675700900627https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2011/08/15/139638930/saved-by-the-coconut-water-parsing-coconut-waters-medical-claimshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK154437/Salt flats for satellite calibrationhttps://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Characterization-of-the-Salar-de-Uyuni-for-in-orbit-Lamparelli-Ponzoni/6b6a5037f838a2342d5681b642944fd68c775551https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/172/1/31/2081107https://www.nature.com/news/2007/071130/full/news.2007.315.html[Ask the Science Couch]Salt in a wound historyhttps://books.google.com/books?id=29gV_kCmZrIC&pg=PA141https://www.abc.net.au/life/will-sea-water-help-heal-open-sores/11279036http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abestwa8t.htmlSaline solutionhttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/03/31/597666140/why-did-sterile-salt-water-become-the-iv-fluid-of-choicehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794509/Nociceptionhttps://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroscience/m/s2/chapter06.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK32659/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903433/[Butt One More Thing]Rectal salt glandshttps://www.jstor.org/stable/1541076?seq=1https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216465/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00364827.1963.10410275?journalCode=ssar20

Humans have been digging deep holes for fun and profit since time began, and some animals have been doing it for way longer than that! And all of those holes can't hold a candle to some of the natural holes the Earth's got going on. And those are nothing compared to space, which some (Sam) would argue is the biggest hole of all!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Termite mounds: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)31287-9?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982218312879%3Fshowall%3DtrueBand of holes: https://www.sciencealert.com/is-this-mile-long-strip-of-holes-an-ancient-inca-tax-systemMolecular drills: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.9b22595#Roman skin cream: http://cenblog.org/artful-science/2013/01/14/ancient-roman-cosmetics-skin-cream-from-the-2nd-century-a-d/[Fact Off]Ant colony fallen through holePictures in this paper: https://jhr.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=9096&display_type=element&element_type=4&element_id=43&element_name=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s000400050022https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/09/bizarre-ant-colony-discovered-in-an-abandoned-polish-nuclear-weapons-bunker/https://www.popsci.com/story/science/ant-colony-escape/https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/38972/Star-nosed mole nose holesThe video!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMz0Q7VbT9whttps://news.vanderbilt.edu/2006/12/20/scientist-discovers-some-mammals-can-smell-objects-under-water-58788/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/26/science/26bubble.htmlhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10834-star-nosed-mole-can-sniff-underwater-videos-reveal/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171120090051.htmhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170424084028.htm[Ask the Science Couch]Sinkholes / blue holeshttps://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/blue-holes-and-hurricanes/http://geology.wlu.edu/intro3d/sinkhole/sinkhole.htmlhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/sinkholes?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objectshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/explore-worlds-deepest-blue-holes-180959977/Flooded pit caveshttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/30/worlds-deepest-underwater-cave-found-czech-republic-hranice-abysshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/destinations/europe/czech-republic/deepest-underwater-cave-discovered/Mariana trenchhttps://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/mariana-trench-deepest-place-earth/Kola Superdeep Boreholehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/ask-smithsonian-whats-deepest-hole-ever-dug-180954349/[Butt One More Thing]Scorpion anushttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/01/when-attacked-some-scorpions-discard-their-stinger-and-their-anus

This Arbor Day, give your favorite tree the gift they really want: this tree-themed episode of SciShow Tangents. Just put the headphones around its trunk or in a knothole! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Dragon’s Blood Treehttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/11/socotra-yemen-biodiversity-photography/Dynamite Treehttps://youtu.be/lNlk2V9yFhMhttps://rare.us/rare-news/science-and-nature/sandbox-tree-hura-crepitans/Coconut Fatalitieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_by_coconut [Fact Off]Vampire stumphttps://www.cell.com/iscience/fulltext/S2589-0042(19)30146-4https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-07/cp-ats071819.phphttps://www.livescience.com/66025-kauri-tree-superorganism-root-grafting.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/science/tree-stump-alive.htmlGhost redwoodshttps://www.mercurynews.com/2010/11/28/albino-redwoods-hold-scientific-mystery/https://sempervirens.org/discover-redwoods/ghost-redwoods-solving-the-albino-redwoods-mystery/https://ucanr.edu/sites/Redwood2016/files/250645.pdfhttps://ucanr.edu/sites/Redwood2016/files/243400.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Tree definitionhttps://www.americanforests.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/AF-Tree-Measuring-Guidelines_LR.pdfWillowshttps://oregonstate.edu/trees/broadleaf_genera/willow.htmlhttps://www.thoughtco.com/worlds-smallest-tree-species-1343503Bonsai / Pygmy Forestshttps://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/dam/pubs_ext_vt_edu/426/426-601/426-601_pdf.pdfOther treeshttps://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=C944&title=Crape%20Myrtle%20Culturehttp://www.pnwplants.wsu.edu/PlantDisplay.aspx?PlantID=169[Butt One More Thing]Butt rothttps://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/2007/7-11/root_butt_rot.htmlhttps://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb5347109.pdf

Real robots have more and more in common with science fiction robots every day. Not enough that you need to worry about them rising up against humans, but you should maybe consider being nicer to your smartphone...Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Plesiosaur Swimminghttps://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/odd-swimming-style-plesiosaurs-decoded-robothttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.0951RangerBothttps://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/rangerbot-programmed-to-kill/https://www.sciencealert.com/rangerbot-great-barrier-reef-conservation-crown-of-thorns-starfishhttps://www.qut.edu.au/news?id=137688https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zjKTvj0lB4Firefighting Robothttps://www.theverge.com/2015/2/5/7986345/firefighting-robot-saffir-prototype-us-navyLifeguard Robothttps://mentitude.com/ocean-alpha-dolphin-1-unmanned-usrv/[Fact Off]Clothing robothttp://www.news.gatech.edu/2018/05/14/robot-teaches-itself-how-dress-peoplehttps://futurism.com/pr2-ai-robot-dressing-gownhttps://robots.ieee.org/robots/pr2/Video of the dressing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYj7gHQ_fwYParasitic turtle robotshttps://www.newscientist.com/article/2130292-parasitic-robot-controls-turtle-its-riding-by-giving-it-snacks/https://phys.org/news/2017-05-parasitic-robot-waypoint-turtle.html[Ask the Science Couch]Synthetic skinhttps://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid=P01336https://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/4/32/eaax2198https://www.tum.de/nc/en/about-tum/news/press-releases/details/35732/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8812712OmniSkinhttps://robotics.sciencemag.org/content/3/22/eaat1853https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/24/17895328/robotic-skin-flexible-soft-robotics-yale-nasa-spacehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/these-robotic-skins-turn-everyday-objects-into-robots-180970328/[Butt One More Thing]https://www.sciencealert.com/this-robotic-rectum-lets-doctors-get-a-feel-for-prostate-examshttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/07/04/robotic-rectum-developed-to-help-doctors-get-to-bottom-of-prosta/

It's Spring here in the Northern Hemisphere, and the rivers swell with crystal clear snowmelt from tall mountain peaks... and we're all stuck inside and can't really look at it! Dang it! So I guess close your eyes and imagine floating down a beautiful river with your favorite podcast hosts as they drone on and on about bridges and salmon and stuff.  Again, a big thanks for choosing us as the thing to spend your time with! Be well, everyone! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Kiteshttp://www.kitehistory.com/Miscellaneous/Homan_Walsh.htmhttps://www.uu.edu/dept/physics/scienceguys/2004Apr.cfmhttps://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kite_that_Bridged_Two_Nations.html?id=7tukmQEACAAJStone-carvinghttps://www.asce.org/project/five-stone-arch-bridges/Explosionshttp://www.bbc.com/travel/sponsored/story/20160815-the-buddha-that-calmed-the-seashttps://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2011/02/why-is-ottawa-blowing-up-its-river/338889/https://www.nap.edu/read/6289/chapter/3#16[Fact Off]Salmon & sea lionshttps://wildlife.org/sea-lions-to-be-culled-to-protect-salmon/https://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/2018/03/battle_of_species_pits_protect.htmlhttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/killing-sea-lions-save-salmon/581740/https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/west-coast/endangered-species-conservation/adult-upstream-passage-west-coasthttps://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/fish-ladder.htmlWildebeest boneshttps://www.pnas.org/content/114/29/7647https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.00031/full#h6https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352249618300429?via%3Dihubhttps://news.uga.edu/animal-carcasses-source-river-nutrients/[Ask the Science Couch]Rivers on Titanhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-mysterious-lakes-on-saturns-moon-titanhttps://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/cassini-explores-a-methane-sea-on-titanhttps://www.space.com/36904-titan-evolution-more-like-mars-than-earth.html[Butt One More Thing]The Great Stinkhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/social_conditions/victorian_urban_planning_04.shtmlhttps://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/engineering-technology/how-london-got-its-victorian-sewers

Ducks! Basically a joke of an animal, if we're being perfectly honest. They make silly noises, they waddle around, they are extremely cute and goofy looking, and they love to swim around in big piles of money! And look, you might see the title and think 'a duck isn't science.' Well i've learned a thing or two from those eggheads on the science couch and I can definitely say that you are wrong! It turns out, everything is science! Seems like a cop out, but it's true.Anyway, we sincerely hope everyone out there is doing well and staying safe! Love you guys! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Definition] Duck matinghttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2009.2139https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000418https://www.nature.com/articles/news.2009.1159[Truth or Fail]Spermhttps://www.livescience.com/1279-rival-sperm-hook-cooperate.htmlMallard Billshttps://www.livescience.com/13681-duck-ejaculate-sperm-antibiotic-beaks-110412.html[Fact Off]Duck Imprintinghttp://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/getting-ducklings-row-look-inside-animal-mind-2/http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/getting-ducklings-row-look-inside-animal-mind-2/Duck hearinghttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-09/uod-wdd092518.phphttps://www.udel.edu/udaily/2018/august/graduate-student-works-on-training-ducks-hearing-fishing-nets/https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc/science/air-and-underwater-hearing-abilities-seabirds?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects[Ask the Science Couch]Quackssounds: https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Mallard/soundshttps://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/2019/03/04/ask-scientist-ducks-quack-several-different-reasons/3009779002/https://www.ducks.org/conservation/waterfowl-research-science/waterfowl-vocalizationsSyrinxhttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/10/bird-voice-box-one-kind-animal-kingdomhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/12/oldest-fossil-of-birds-voicebox-gives-new-hint-at-soundscape-of-the-cretaceous-syrinxDuck quack echoessounds: http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/acoustics_info/duck/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3086890.stm[Butt One More Thing]Fly that only breeds in duck poophttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-species-fly-found-breeding-central-park-duck-droppings-180965118/https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/13411/element/2/12/

This episode has a little bit of everything: the French Revolution, haunted amulets, mummies (maybe??)... why, it's like a regular Night at the Museum! Have fun! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Da Vinci’s Faceshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100715090917.htmFirst Museum:https://theconversation.com/hidden-women-of-history-ennigaldi-nanna-curator-of-the-worlds-first-museum-116431https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-story-behind-the-worlds-oldest-museum-built-by-a-b-5805358Woman Hit By Meteoritehttp://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2015/06/02/the_hodges_meteorite_is_one_of_the_few_space_to_ever_strike_a_human.html?wpisrc=obnetworkhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1995LPI....26.1133P/0001133.000.html?high=484678bbd531063[Fact Off]Blaschka glass scientific modelshttp://www.cmog.org/article/blaschkas-glass-models-invertebrate-animals-1863-1890https://web.archive.org/web/20160411221330/http://www.journalofantiques.com/Feb04/featurefeb04.htmThese three links include info + pictures:https://digital.library.cornell.edu/collections/blaschkahttp://hmnh.harvard.edu/glass-flowershttps://hmnh.harvard.edu/fruits-decay[Ask the Science Couch]Painting restorationhttps://www.si.edu/mci/english/learn_more/taking_care/conservation_meaning.htmlhttps://www.invaluable.com/blog/the-science-behind-art-restoration/Sculptureshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/modern-chemistry-techniques-save-ancient-art/https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/the-art-of-conservation/3009092.articleBacteriahttps://www.wired.com/2011/11/st-artrestoremicro/[Butt One More Thing]Coprolite inside another fossilhttps://peerj.com/articles/1191/https://www.forbes.com/sites/shaenamontanari/2015/08/21/spectacular-flying-reptile-fossil-discovered-along-with-its-last-meal-and-something-surprising/#7ca22283bf22

Space… it’s big, it’s confusing, and there isn’t any gravity! That’s why we have a dedicated team of people up in the International Space Station running all kinds of experiments to try and figure out just what the heck is even going on up there. You truly have no idea how much of us ordering Popeye’s I had to cut out of this. This was definitely our longest recording session ever and I was livid!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Chicken Fathttps://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/aafex_biofuels.htmlBone losshttps://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=187Perfumehttps://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/spacescents_feature.htmlhttps://spinoff.nasa.gov/spinoff2002/ch_1.html[Fact Off]Wake Shield Facilityhttps://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920014405https://er.jsc.nasa.gov/seh/pg46s95.htmlhttps://uwaterloo.ca/molecular-beam-epitaxy/about/what-epitaxyhttps://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/03jan_bioniceyeshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0042207X01003839https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S009457650000148XImage: https://archive.org/details/STS069-724-095 Mouse sperm experimenthttps://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5988http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kiboexp/theme/second/pmlatter/spacepup/ [Ask the Science Couch]Human pregnancyhttps://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/pdf/prenatal.pdfhttps://www.livescience.com/33047-space-sex-pregnancy.htmlhttps://www.thoughtco.com/can-women-get-pregnant-in-space-3072590NASA sperm studyhttps://futurism.com/sperm-space-nasaSpace childbirth startuphttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/space-childbirth-babies/579064/Other animal developmenthttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/what-space-jellyfish-tell-us-about-interplanetary-travel/https://www.popsci.com/article/technology/space-born-jellyfish-hate-life-earth/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/wnjkkw/making-babies-in-space-may-be-a-terrible-idea[Butt One More Thing]Flatworms in spacehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/reg2.79

SciShow Tangents editorial assistant/genius Deboki Chakravarti joins us once more to talk about that sweet sand we all love so much: sugar!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Deboki: @okidoki_bokiIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Definition]https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493739074/50-years-ago-sugar-industry-quietly-paid-scientists-to-point-blame-at-fathttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2548255https://slate.com/technology/2018/03/big-sugar-isnt-to-blame-for-steering-us-away-from-fat.html[Truth or Fail]Nicotine https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5434031/https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/nicotine.htmHearing Flowershttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/01/flowers-can-hear-bees-and-make-their-nectar-sweeter/?utm_source=reddit.com#closeCity Bee, Country Beehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ncsu-njd051816.php[Fact Off]Honeypot antshttps://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/honey-ant-adaptations-wbt/https://www.nature.com/articles/025405a0https://books.google.com/books?id=E_6-pGOLUgcC&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://abt.ucpress.edu/content/48/6/335Picture: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HoneyAnt.jpgPicture: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot_ant#/media/File:Honey_Ants_(7344580116).jpgSugar dust explosion[Ask the Science Couch]Hangerhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4788579/https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000422https://qz.com/work/1302394/why-do-people-get-hangry-a-study-suggests-it-involves-more-than-low-blood-sugar/Hyperactivityhttps://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/88/5/960.long?sso=1&sso_redirect_count=1&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+tokenhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002221948301600604https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/what-is-the-feingold-diet#1https://www.livescience.com/55754-does-sugar-make-kids-hyper.htmlAddictionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235907/https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/14/910https://news.psu.edu/story/141336/2006/01/16/research/probing-question-sugar-addictivehttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/sugar-addiction-drug_n_4173632Orexin systemhttps://www.wired.com/2011/12/why-sugar-makes-us-sleepy-and-protein-wakes-us-up/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2551664/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-05/cp-nme052506.phphttps://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/52/1/111.longMemoryhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225962https://books.google.com/books?id=Mf3lxvWfA9oC&pg=PA113&lpg=PA113[Butt One More Thing]Rectal prolapsehttp://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/MBCP/ReduceYourRectalProlapse.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287900

Viruses are the subject of confusion & misinformation. Luckily, we have a friend who knows a lot about them! We sit down with microbiology genius Deboki Chakravarti to talk viruses. Be sure to check out more of Deboki’s work on Journey to the Microcosmos, and the upcoming Crash Course Organic Chemistry! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Tulipshttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/science/broken-tulips.htmlhttps://amsterdamtulipmuseumonline.com/blogs/tulip-facts/broken-tulips-the-beautiful-curseCoffinshttps://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/12/21/then-there-were-no-coffinshttps://www.acf.org/the-american-chestnut/[Fact Off]Multicomponent Viruseshttps://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/fulltext/S1931-3128(16)30310-9https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160825141714.htmPolydnaviruseshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424053/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758193/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123846846000264https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123848581000096https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4553618/[Butt One More Thing]Caribou poop frozen virushttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/10/virus-resurrected-700-year-old-caribou-dunghttps://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16842

Oceans: they cover 70% of the planet, but what do we really know about them? Like what’s with all the salt, huh? And just what is the difference between a ‘sea’ and an ocean anyway?! I have questions!This one has a real doozy of a Stefan poem. I cut out a lot of us interrupting him with raucous laughter!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Boat cloakhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227101-500-explorers-dont-forget-your-inflatable-cloak/?ignored=irrelevanthttps://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/boat-cloak-or-cloak-boathttps://web.archive.org/web/20120425161825/http://resource.canadashistory.ca/media/pdf/34-4-Spr-955-p46-51.pdfhttps://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NENZC18511220.2.5Image: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Halkett_Boat_Cloak.jpgWater chairhttps://archive.org/details/watercurejournal12newy/page/1/mode/2upImages: https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/this-ridiculous-victorian-era-rocking-bath-wasnt-just-f-1515091109Modesty barrelhttps://www.messynessychic.com/2014/04/15/victorian-prudes-beachside-bathing-machines/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/1715-Lethbridges-diving-barrel-John-Lethbridge-1678-1759-of-Newton-Abbot-Devon_fig2_228397874https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-strange-and-wonderful-history-of-diving-suits-from-1262529336https://devonassoc.org.uk/devoninfo/john-lethbridge-and-his-diving-machine-1880/Image: https://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-media/image/upload/c_fit,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_80,w_470/18zb0i2fswtkxjpg.jpg[Fact Off]Pumice raftshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/dont-believe-the-hype-the-pumice-raft-wont-save-the-great-barrier-reef/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145490/a-raft-of-rockhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/dbnl-hxh052317.phphttps://www.npr.org/2019/08/25/754190347/giant-pumice-raft-floating-towards-australia-could-help-replenish-great-barrier-Albatross tracking systemhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/01/31/albatross-marine-poaching/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/albatrosses-outfitted-with-gps-detect-illegal-fishing-vessels-180974054/[Ask the Science Couch]Salty oceanhttps://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whysalty.htmlhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/why-ocean-salty?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

Things get a little weird this episode, and by ‘little’ I mean very little! One thing I learned in this episode is that everything in the universe is touching each other, yet the particles in your body never truly touch! Mama Mia! Well anyway, I hope you enjoy it! Thanks for listening!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://history.fnal.gov/felicia.html#Timehttps://history.fnal.gov/meson.htmlpictures: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicia-ferret-particle-accelerator-fermilabhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/stocking-series-part-1-wartime-rationing-and-nylon-riots-25391066/[Fact Off]Surface plasmon resonancehttps://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/12/nist-device-detecting-subatomic-scale-motion-has-potential-roboticshttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13746Dark matter supercold water[Ask the Science Couch]Do atoms touch?https://www.sciencealert.com/99-9999999-of-your-body-is-empty-spacehttps://wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/2013/04/16/do-atoms-ever-actually-touch-each-other/https://www.britannica.com/science/Pauli-exclusion-principlehttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pauli.htmlhttps://www.britannica.com/science/fermionhttps://www.pnas.org/content/114/23/5766[Butt One More Thing]Proton-powered poopshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080109104251.htmhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867407014791

This Valentine’s Day, what could be better than cuddling up with someone special and listening to the Tangents Crew talk about various medical procedures in gory detail! Pucker up! They say the fastest way to a man’s heart is through his stomach, but I think if you ask a doctor they would probably say that’s wrong! But what do I know?Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Dr. Clarence Walton Lillehei and Heart Surgeryhttps://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002950.htmhttps://www.healthline.com/health/open-heart-surgery#when-it's-neededhttp://www.understandinganimalresearch.org.uk/why/human-health/history-of-the-heart-lung-machine/https://www.texasheart.org/heart-health/heart-information-center/frequently-asked-patient-questions/how-is-the-heart-stopped-during-open-heart-surgery/https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87Cold Operating Roomhttps://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(11)00421-1/pdfhttps://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(89)90151-3/pdfPatient-Donor Pumphttps://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/S0003-4975(09)01080-7/pdfhttps://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.100.13.1364https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circ.102.suppl_4.IV-87https://www.jtcvs.org/article/S0022-5223(04)00093-5/pdfhttps://books.google.com/books?id=M5sbCxd5cioC[Fact Off]Chopin’s hearthttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/arts/chopin-heart-tuberculosis.htmlhttps://apnews.com/bc0f09217f564329ae6fa2aefa6349a6/chopins-heart-exhumed-secret-relichttps://www.livescience.com/60953-chopin-pickled-heart-reveals-cause-of-death.htmlhttps://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31025-2/abstracthttps://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)31278-0/abstractHeart catheterization https://www.annalsthoracicsurgery.org/article/0003-4975(90)90272-8/pdfhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clc.4960150715https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1956/forssmann/facts/https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cardiac-catheterization/about/pac-20384695[Ask the Science Couch]Non-human hearts (octopuses, earthworms, etc.)https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/why-does-an-octopus-have-more-than-one-heart/https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~rlenet/Earthworms.htmlhttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)60870-7/fulltextHumans multiple heartshttps://www.bbc.com/future/article/20131122-can-humans-have-two-heartshttps://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/two-lungs-one-heart1.htm[Butt One More Thing]Poo-phoriahttps://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/02/18/poo-phoria-passing-a-stool_n_4808627.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3778072

Meat... seems pretty simple on the surface, but what do we really know about it? Like.. are living things made of meat? Or is meat only meat once it's being eaten? What was the first meat? What was the first thing to eat the first meat? Is eating prehistoric meat a good idea? Do we find the answer to any of these questions in this episode? I can't remember, frankly, but probably a few.  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail] Foal https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-extracted-liquid-blood-42000-year-old-foal-found-siberian-permafrost-180971979/ Bison https://www.uaf.edu/museum/press/spotlight/blue-babe/ https://historythings.com/aged-beef-delicacy-eating-meat-36000-year-old-bison/ https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/ancient-bison-stew-blue-babe-alaska Crocodile https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-egyptians-hunted-then-mummified-crocodiles-180973197/ [Fact Off] Carnivorous Herbivores https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-herbivores-arent-poor-chicken-got-eaten-cow-180951115/ https://bioone.org/journals/Northwestern-Naturalist/volume-99/issue-3/NWN18-05.1/Scavenging-By-Snowshoe-Hares-iLepus-americanusi-In-Yukon-Canada/10.1898/NWN18-05.1.short https://www.outdoornews.com/2015/03/19/who-knew-tape-shows-deer-raiding-birds-nests/ Dyeing Salmon https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=wildlifenews.view_article&articles_id=738 https://nextnature.net/2012/06/dyeing-salmon-pink-for-farms-and-profit https://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/The-salmon-struggle-A-fish-by-any-other-color-is-1115339.php [Ask the Science Couch] Gamey meat https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174015301376 https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/cooking-venison-flavor-and-safety https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6154429/ https://bastyr.edu/news/general-news-health-tips-spotlight-1/2015/08/why-choose-grass-fed-meat http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.361.2312&rep=rep1&type=pdf [Butt One More Thing] Pork butt https://www.southernliving.com/bbq/why-is-it-called-boston-butt https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/22382/how-9-cuts-meat-got-their-names

So look, Stefan sings a song in this episode, so I’m not sure what more you need. He looked cool as heck when he was doing it and I was really proud of him! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Music & Creativityhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/lu-hlt022619.phpInspirational Music & Sports performancehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/f-mmi012918.phpMusic & Drivinghttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/aabu-tdm082213.phphttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e5b0/98e4ef211279d26a14d7502a80232a90dc2d.pdf[Fact Off]Nanoguitar Telharmoniumhttp://synthmuseum.com/magazine/0102jw.htmlhttps://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-380-music-and-technology-contemporary-history-and-aesthetics-fall-2009/lecture-notes-and-videos/MIT21M_380F09_lec11.pdfhttp://120years.net/the-telharmonium-thaddeus-cahill-usa-1897/http://www.csun.edu/~dwh50750/Classes/MUS191/Emusic_readings/ECenturyPartI.htmlScientific american article: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Telharmonium_-_Scientific_American_1907.png[Ask the Science Couch]Timbrehttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/timbre.htmlhttps://cecm.indiana.edu/etext/acoustics/chapter1_timbre.shtmlhttps://ocw.mit.edu/courses/health-sciences-and-technology/hst-725-music-perception-and-cognition-spring-2009/lecture-notes/MITHST_725S09_lec07_timbre.pdfBeetlejuicehttps://twitter.com/VoiceSLPChris/status/1111285302352625665/video/1[Butt One More Thing]Brown notehttps://books.google.co.uk/books?id=khzDRYfj97AC&pg=PA932&lpg=PA932&dq=the+collophone+commemorated&source=bl&ots=vrgUH_MUh4&sig=Z2nnGZJ6W3_Ph_gzXKuhXCbLfW0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie2pKZw7_QAhWsJcAKHdIlCYEQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ppv35z/in-search-of-the-brown-noise

From diet, to shoes, to movement efficiency, people devote their lives to researching and perfecting the art of running. Meanwhile, cheetahs run 75 mph and they sleep all day. No fair! Ceri caught a plane to run a marathon right after we recorded this! I probably went home and watched TV for four hours. Oh well! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out SciShowTangents.org!

Wise men have long pondered how magnets work. We all know the answer is “magic,” but Ceri and Hank have to keep up the illusion that science is real, so please humor them.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Magnet Therapyhttps://www.livescience.com/40174-magnetic-therapy.htmlGod Machinehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtmlhttps://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain-religion2.htmhttps://www.psypost.org/2018/01/fake-god-helmet-can-elicit-extraordinary-experiences-especially-among-spiritual-people-50619https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2017.1403952https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2018/01/test-of-god-helmet-at-music-fest-yields-strange-results/Electro-Metabographhttps://books.google.com/books?id=CeMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=Electro-metabograph+machine&source=bl&ots=JjXhceV_VG&sig=ACfU3U3mlpAO1DmRW9B8ef9cSK12nuCRew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjs2dOe6b_mAhXSHjQIHZPICLMQ6AEwEHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Electro-metabograph%20machine&f=falseRadium Ore Revigatorhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/1/100118-radiation-toxic-water-revigator/[Fact Off]Airport runways/WMMhttps://www.wired.com/story/airports-rename-runways-magnetic-shift/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/airport-runway-names-shift-magnetic-fieldhttps://cires.colorado.edu/news/airport-runway-names-shift-earth%E2%80%99s-magnetic-fieldhttps://flightsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/asw_may08_p18-22.pdfhttps://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/GeomagneticPoles.shtmlhttps://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/world-magnetic-model-2020-releasedFerrofluidshttp://aerospace.mtu.edu/research/ionic-liquid-ferrofluid-microthrusters/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ferrofluidhttps://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4985141[Ask the Science Couch]Demagnetizinghttps://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-falling-magnets-in-stranger-things-season-3/https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/plan-a-lesson/demagnetizinghttp://www.magmamagnets.com/electromagnets-solenoids/https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/150570/what-is-the-difference-between-electromagnet-and-solenoid[Butt One More Thing]Magnetic anal sphincterhttps://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-first-to-implant-device-to-solve-fecal-incontinence/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926562https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654242

Listening to Tangents is like making an investment with your brain. And the dividend? Knowledge. Invest today, won't you?Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan- @itsmestefanchin Ceri- @ceriley Sam- @slamschultz Hank- @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode's page at SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]Supernoteshttps://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/magazine/23counterfeit.htmlhttps://www.uscurrency.gov/historyCounterfeit $1 billshttps://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/finding-mr-880-case-1-counterfeit-article-1.109016https://www.nysun.com/on-the-town/little-old-moneymaker/9282/pictures: https://thehustle.co/worst-counterfeiter-in-history-mr-880/https://www.secretservice.gov/about/history/events/Costume jewelry scamhttps://books.google.com/books?id=ELgiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85https://o.canada.com/technology/nigerian-email-scams-royally-obvious-for-good-reason-study-says-3[Fact Off]Xerox machine anti-counterfeitingYap stone moneyhttps://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sea2.12154?referrer_access_token=PoYDhuZQ2I3K6rW0TZp1r04keas67K9QMdWULTWMo8PSbwnv52oah6avTUlc6Ncg2Fsq-XbfQibDgqrz1_Z5GxRdKzRhmEzfI08Tv5kPNn5935yywdPadRZC0bxzVlqKx6dktyKOLwawQhLnG1PcSg%3D%3Dhttps://www.sciencealert.com/the-original-bitcoin-still-exists-as-giant-stone-money-on-a-tiny-pacific-islandhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0012186[Ask the Science Couch]Plastic vs. paper billshttps://www.banknoteworld.com/blog/the-pros-and-cons-of-polymer-banknotes/https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/16/polymer-vs-paper-banknotes-which-one-is-better-for-environment-https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/#543d2d76524fhttps://www.moneyboat.co.uk/blog/paper-vs-polymer/https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/banknotes/polymer/lca-of-paper-and-polymer-bank-notes.pdf?la=en&hash=7D3845CE11AD21F300CFA023F8FCF4AA37FB73CCComposting or washing U.S. moneyhttps://www.cnet.com/news/cash-to-trash-watch-millions-of-dollars-turn-into-compost/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html[Butt One More Thing]Penny swallowinghttps://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-12-01-9812010102-story.htmlhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981201033841.htm

SciShow Tangents’ exploration of the electromagnetic spectrum continues with good old, dependable light! What is it? Where does it come from? Only Ceri knows (sort of)!Also, happy New Year to all of our amazing listeners! Thank you for your support over the last year, and here's to another year of laughing and learning with all of you!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode's page at SciShowTangents.org![Truth or Fail]E. colihttps://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3113https://phys.org/news/2014-04-bacterial-fm-radio.htmlCactus Radiohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1shcxHWQasFrequency Combhttps://www.pnas.org/content/116/19/9181https://www.laserfocusworld.com/lasers-sources/article/14035201/frequency-combs-trick-a-laser-into-producingreceiving-an-rf-signal[Fact Off]Battle of the Beamshttps://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/63/a3714563.shtmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/19/us/r-v-jones-science-trickster-who-foiled-nazis-dies-at-86.htmlhttp://vc.airvectors.net/ttwiz_07.htmlRV Jones ObituaryW5LFLhttps://amsat-uk.org/2013/01/19/amateur-radio-on-bbc-between-the-ears-space-ham/#more-12135https://www.amsat.org/owen-k-garriott-w5lfl/[Ask the Science Couch]Analog radiohttps://public.wsu.edu/~bryan.mclaughlin/Radio/Who_Invented_Radio.htmlhttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/radio/radiorelayer.htmlhttps://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/4suas5/eli5_why_is_the_sound_quality_of_am_radio_so_much/Digital/HD radiohttps://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/digital-radiohttps://electronics.howstuffworks.com/hd-radio.htmhttps://hdradio.com/trademark/https://www.cnet.com/news/digital-radio-all-you-need-to-know/[Butt One More Thing]Pigeon poop / cosmic microwave backgroundhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-scientists-confirmed-big-bang-theory-owe-it-all-to-a-pigeon-trap-180949741/

Humans have wielded the power of radio waves for more than a century, but what exactly are they and how do we use them to transmit information? It turns out, even geniuses like Hank and Ceri have a hard time explaining that!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]EROShttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25788334MOZEhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-019-0389-0FReSHhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature10428.html[Fact Off]Eidophorhttps://www.earlytelevision.org/eidophor.htmlhttps://hackaday.com/2016/03/15/retrotechtacular-eidophor-an-unknown-widely-used-projector/http://www.film-tech.com/ubb/f1/t004319.htmlhttp://www.earlytelevision.org/yanczer_eidophor.htmlCentennial lighthttp://www.centennialbulb.org/index.htmhttps://www.mentalfloss.com/article/66009/light-bulb-has-been-burning-1901https://www.lampsplus.com/ideas-and-advice/how-an-incandescent-light-bulb-works/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-history/dawn-of-electronics/the-great-lightbulb-conspiracyhttps://www.npr.org/2019/03/27/707188193/the-phoebus-cartel[Ask the Science Couch]Brightest artificial lighthttps://www.wired.co.uk/article/brightest-light-ever-computer-chipshttps://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.100https://www.unl.edu/diocles/homehttps://www.labmanager.com/research-specific-labs/2017/11/home-of-the-world-s-brightest-laser-looks-to-bring-high-quality-x-rays-to-research-medical-applications#.Xe_nrZNKhnN[Butt One More Thing]Firefly butt vs. LEDhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402619300452?via%3Dihubhttps://www.futurity.org/light-bulbs-leds-fireflies-1988062/

Jingle Bells, Frosty the Snowman, Let it Snow; the timeless sounds of the holiday. And to that pantheon of greats is added another track: this 30-minute-long, spoken-word science podcast!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreenIf you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Poinsettia monopolyhttps://www.npr.org/2017/12/22/573046507/how-poinsettias-became-synonymous-with-christmashttp://www.mobileranger.com/blog/the-plant-of-christmas-the-poinsettia/https://www.actahort.org/books/226/226_34.htmhttps://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-23-me-poinsettia23-story.htmlhttps://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/12136/PDFVanilla flavorhttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/ice-cream-bananas_n_55f8d911e4b0d6492d638853https://www.webmd.com/children/features/is-poinsettia-really-poisonousLatex/rubberhttps://web.extension.illinois.edu/poinsettia/facts.cfmhttp://www.industrialrubbergoods.com/natural-rubber.htmlhttps://www.thespruce.com/facts-about-poinsettias-that-may-surprise-you-2132343[Fact Off]Tinniculite https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1075701517070078https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/102/2/466/264546/new-mineral-nameshttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/9/6/373/htmPine needle recyclinghttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/329280439_Fuels_and_Value-Added_Chemicals_from_Biomasshttps://theconversation.com/new-recycling-process-could-help-your-christmas-tree-lead-a-surprising-second-life-107984https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217350713[Ask the Science Couch]Natural vs. artificial treehttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/26/business/energy-environment/fake-christmas-tree-vs-real-tree.htmlhttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/https://www.sfgate.com/realestate/article/Real-vs-Artificial-Christmas-Tree-Which-Is-More-14866084.phphttps://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/12/14/real-vs-fake-heres-why-artificial-christmas-trees-rise/2314418002/[Butt One More Thing]Mistletoehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/metro/urban-jungle/pages/121218.htmlhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/culturing-science/mistletoe-natural-history/https://www.etymonline.com/word/mistletoehttps://www.etymonline.com/word/missel?ref=etymonline_crossreference

From ancient clay pots to the heat-proof panels on the space shuttle, ceramics have been an integral part of human technology from the very beginning. I can’t even think of any jokes about ceramic! It’s just cool!More importantly! Over the last week or so, Hank has absolutely ruined everyones’ Twitter timelines with one simple question: “is butt legs?” In this episode, you get to bear ear-witness to the genesis of this wretched, society-shattering question! #buttislegsFollow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Non-deflatable footballhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflategatehttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Air-Bag.htmlStrong waterhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Aluminum-oxide#section=Mechanism-of-Actionhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.470.4214&rep=rep1&type=pdfPajamashttps://www.underarmour.com/en-us/tb12https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3699878/https://www.espn.com/espnw/life-style/story/_/id/23315114/we-tried-do-tom-brady-recovery-pajamas-live-their-name[Fact Off]Moon artMagnetic fieldhttps://www.livescience.com/57868-earth-magnetic-field-spike-ancient-times.htmlhttps://www.space.com/43173-earth-magnetic-field-flips-when.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/14/515032512/iron-age-potters-carefully-recorded-earths-magnetic-field-by-accidenthttps://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/earths-mysterious-magnetic-field-stored-in-a-jar?verso=true[Ask the Science Couch]Glazeshttps://edu.rsc.org/feature/the-chemistry-of-pottery/2020245.articlehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/glazeSpecific materials (tin, salt, etc.) https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/ceramic-and-glaze-fluxes-2745860https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1560&context=open_access_etdshttps://www.britannica.com/art/tin-glazed-earthenware[Butt One More Thing]Ceramic butt wipinghttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/toilet-tissue-anthropologists-uncover-all-the-ways-weve-wiped/https://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8287.full

Bones… seems like a simple enough topic, right? Well, would you believe me if I told you that scientists can’t even agree on how and why bones evolved in the first place?! And teeth? Don’t even get us started on teeth...Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Bone Conductionhttps://www.kqed.org/science/1926248/how-elephants-listen-with-their-feethttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2001/03/010312071729.htmhttps://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/february18/elephants-triangulation-seismic-vibration-signal-021809.htmlChew Boneshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/07/giraffes-eat-skeletons-bones-spd/https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/9767/Bredin_Can(2008).pdf;jsessionid=8BFA2F57B27C91C3BB4F18175D4712A8?sequence=1Glowing Boneshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2018/01/chameleon-bones-florescent-ultraviolet-light-spd/https://www.sciencealert.com/these-cute-little-orange-frogs-have-a-florescent-secret-under-their-skin[Fact Off]Myotragus goathttps://www.pnas.org/content/106/48/20354https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1325260/https://phys.org/news/2009-11-extinct-goat-cold-blooded.htmlhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/11/17/extinct-goat-tried-out-reptilian-cold-blooded-living-it-didnt-work/#.XdMCY5JKhxwpics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myotragus Subvocalization remotehttps://dam-prod.media.mit.edu/x/2018/03/23/p43-kapur_BRjFwE6.pdfhttps://www.sciencealert.com/silent-voice-headset-subvocalisation-computer-interface-mit[Ask the Science Couch]Bone evolution:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3237026/https://austhrutime.com/bone.htmhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC509207/Aspidin: https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/users/169723-joseph-keating/posts/37157-aspidin-a-bone-of-contentionhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6109381/Teeth: https://www.nature.com/news/fossil-scans-reveal-origins-of-teeth-1.13964https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24268-fish-fossil-suggests-our-skeleton-evolved-face-first/[Butt One More Thing]Lizard Tails:https://www.futurity.org/salamanders-lizards-tails-regeneration-1838762/

When it comes to proper nutrition, just about the only thing everyone can agree on is that people need to eat food. Everything else, from eggs to carbs to vitamins, is basically up in the air!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these link:[Fact Off]Osedax wormshttps://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00824.xhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063707001483https://science.sciencemag.org/content/305/5684/668/tab-pdf“Vitamin” B17 aka. Laetrilehttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.3322/canjclin.31.2.91?sid=nlm%3Apubmedhttps://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/laetrile-pdq#_10https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65988/https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Vitamins[Ask the Science Couch]History of nutrition sciencehttps://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2392Nutrition research is complicatedhttps://www.vox.com/2016/1/14/10760622/nutrition-science-complicatedhttps://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/food-medicine/why-does-nutrition-advice-change[Butt One More Thing]Sewage sludge protein https://www.feednavigator.com/Article/2017/04/06/Sewage-sludge-to-animal-feed

Be Advised! This episode was recorded before we decided to reset the scores for Season 2 and rename them Sambucks. Please don't tweet at us about this (and if you do tweet at us about it, be nice)!People absolutely love going places and doing stuff! And in our zeal to go places and do stuff even faster, we've invented some wild things. Come with us on journey of discovery as we sail the seven seas of science and fly the friendly skies of... innovation...? Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Loading Patternshttps://www.who.int/ith/mode_of_travel/tcd_aircraft/en/https://www.pnas.org/content/115/14/3623Reducing Fiber https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-why-you-should-fart-in-planes-2013-2Dirtiest Part of a Planehttps://www.travelmath.com/feature/airline-hygiene-exposed/[Fact Off]Ski lifthttps://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2953.htmPictures/info:https://books.google.com/books?id=slgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23https://books.google.com/books?id=XFgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38https://www.uprr.com/newsinfo/releases/heritage_and_steam/2006/0228_skilift.shtmlFlight suithttps://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/04/13/wiley-post-one-eyed-pilot-first-fly-solo-around-world-developed-first-pressure-suits-discovered-jet-stream/https://airandspace.si.edu/multimedia-gallery/si-98-15012hjpghttps://www.airspacemag.com/videos/category/new-label/this-pressure-suit-helped-pilots-survive-new/[Ask the Science Couch]License plate restrictionshttps://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/mar/20/licence-plate-driving-bans-paris-ineffective-air-pollutionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095756416000039https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0967070X01000245?via%3DihubBraess’ Paradoxhttp://homepage.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/Dietrich.Braess/Paradox-BNW.pdfhttps://phys.org/news/2010-09-scientist-braess-paradox-high-traffic.htmlRemoving roadshttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/nov/01/society.travelsenvironmentalimpacthttps://www.landscapeperformance.org/case-study-briefs/cheonggyecheon-stream-restoration[Butt One More Thing]Fart volumehttps://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-big-is-a-fart-somewhere-between-a-bottle-of-nail-polish-and-a-can-of-soda/

YRHA WJ, XAWOQT KXTAQOQCT! XP DEW TEKIQ LD TWJQC TQNCQA LQTTHVQ, AYQQA LQ "KEEMT KXMQ TAECLD YQHARQC" HOF DEW YXKK SQ XOFWNAQF XOAE ARQ THL NHFQAT, LD OQY QZNKWTXIQ PHO NKWS! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode's page at scishowtangents.org!

Ancient man harnessing and wielding the elemental power of the flame was pretty cool, I guess, but I think this being Tangent's one year anniversary is a little cooler, honestly! Plus, we announce who won the first season, so actually this episode is sort of twice as important as fire if you think about it! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Fire-chasing beetleshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0037627https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227016226_The_Photomechanic_Infrared_Receptor_for_the_Detection_of_Forest_Fires_in_the_Buprestid_Beetle_Melanophila_Acuminatahttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/how-a-half-inch-beetle-finds-fires-80-miles-away/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3998979?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2012/05/27/fire-chasing-beetles-sense-infrared-radiation-from-fires-hundreds-of-kilometres-away/https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-abstract/36/2/341/2202937[Fact Off]Surgical fireshttps://www.livescience.com/65615-chest-cavity-fire-surgery.htmlhttps://www.ismp.org/resources/surgical-fires-caused-skin-preps-and-ointments-rare-dangerous-and-preventableDeath ray buildinghttps://twitter.com/tara_mulholland/status/374877389425086464?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E374877389425086464&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ffinancialpost.com%2Fnews%2Flondons-fryscraper-owners-to-spend-millions-of-pounds-to-block-car-melting-beamhttps://www.pri.org/stories/2013-09-03/londons-walkie-talkie-skyscraper-blamed-melting-cars-starting-small-firehttps://www.livescience.com/39371-skyscraper-melts-cars-20-fenchurch.htmlhttps://www.mississauga.com/news-story/4067822-london-s-fryscaper-draws-crowd-on-hottest-day/https://www.cityam.com/exclusive-walkie-scorchie-melted-my-jag/[Ask the Science Couch]Flame Extinguishment Experiment (FLEX) https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/FLEX_Video.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/in-space-flames-behave-in-ways-nobody-thought-possible-132637810/Cool flameshttps://blogs.nasa.gov/ISS_Science_Blog/2013/11/25/cool-flames-on-the-international-space-station-an-anatomy-of-discovery/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010218012002131https://youtu.be/BxxqCLxxY3M[Butt One More Thing]Incinerating toiletshttp://www.nsf.org/consumer-resources/water-quality/wastewater-sewage-treatment/electrical-incinerating-toiletshttps://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/incinera.pdf

SciShow Tangents' Month of Fear concludes with what is undeniably the scariest, most valid fear of any of those discussed... spiders! I'm not saying spiders will pour out of your headphones and into your ears when you listen to this, but I'm also not promising they won't.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links![Truth or Fail]Recordshttps://thevinylfactory.com/features/the-10-weirdest-things-pressed-into-vinyl-records-this-year/https://www.npr.org/2016/01/09/462289635/bones-and-grooves-weird-secret-history-of-soviet-x-ray-musicTattooshttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/gwitchin-tattoo-skin-stitching-first-nations-1.3796606Canvaseshttps://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/07/cobwebportraits.htmlhttps://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-lost-art-of-painting-on-cobweb-canvaseshttps://phys.org/news/2010-05-scientists-goats-spider-silk.html[Fact Off][Ask the Science Couch]Web constructionhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/ask-smithsonian-how-do-spiders-make-webs-180957426/https://sciencing.com/identify-spider-pattern-8635659.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6053566/Making silkhttps://www.livescience.com/32582-how-do-spiders-make-silk.htmlhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/spidroins[Butt One More Thing]Trashline orb weavershttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/meet-the-spiders-that-completely-defy-what-we-know-as-jet-lag/https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/trashline-orbweavers

SciShow Tangents' Month of Fear continues and… wait… do you feel it… the walls they’re... closing in around you! Crushing you!...were you scared? Well, if you were Hank you probably would have been because his fear is enclosed spaces! How is that related to science? Good question!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]Fire Extinguisherhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-04/tuot-ncf041819.phpWater-Filled Suithttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552417301335Air Purifierhttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/06/space-station-mold-survives-200-times-radiation-dose-would-kill-human[Fact Off]Noc the beluga whalehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/story-one-whale-who-tried-bridge-linguistic-divide-between-animals-humans-180951437/?page=1http://cell.com/current-biology/supplemental/S0960-9822%2812%2901009-3https://www.public.navy.mil/navwar/NIWC-Pacific/technology/Pages/mammals.aspxNormal beluga: https://dosits.org/resources/resource-categories/feature-sounds/beluga/Noc sound: https://www.nature.com/news/the-whale-that-talked-1.11635Dark flieshttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2012/03/14/fifty-seven-years-of-darkness/#.XaY74udKgW_https://phys.org/news/2016-02-evolution-dark-fly.htmlhttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/02/160204111403.htm[Ask the Science Couch]Estimates of plant roomshttps://io9.gizmodo.com/how-many-plants-would-you-need-to-generate-oxygen-for-y-5955071http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/1999-02/917906305.Bt.r.htmlhttps://everything2.com/title/How+much+plant+life+is+needed+to+keep+a+person+alive+in+a+sealed+room%253FPhotorespirationhttp://www.plantphysiol.org/content/155/1/56Biosphere 2http://biosphere2.org/visit/about-biosphere2/fast-factshttps://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/29/sunday-review/biosphere-2-climate-change.htmlhttps://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/68/9/722/5055575?searchresult=1[Butt One More Thing]Apollo 10 floating poophttps://www.vox.com/2015/5/26/8646675/apollo-10-turd-poophttps://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/AS10_CM.PDF

As the SciShow Tangents Month of Fear continues, your hosts get down into the wormy, slimy muck to discuss Ceri’s biggest fear: decomposition! Does that sound too generic to be truly terrifying? That’s what Sam thought too, and now he is also quite scared of decomposing! Boo!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this these links:[Truth or Fail]Straw Urinals - https://www.unreservedmedia.com/paris-open-air-urinals/Peepee Day - https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/earthnews/6554958/Urinate-on-the-compost-heap-to-save-the-planet-says-the-National-Trust.htmlhttps://grist.org/living/ask-umbra-can-i-pee-in-my-compost-pile/Human Composting - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/washington-first-state-allow-burial-method-human-composting-180972020/[Fact Off]Ocean viruses - https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/9/e1602565.fullhttps://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/oc400/Arrigo2005.pdfBurying beetles - https://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/insects/ambb/abb_fact.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-burying-beetle-nursery-bacteria-fungus-decomposition/[Ask the Science Couch]Food Safetyhttps://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/fsis-content/internet/main/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/food-safety-tips-for-college-students/ct_indexhttps://food.unl.edu/will-reheating-food-make-it-safe-if-you-forget-refrigerate-ithttps://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/food-technology/bacterial-food-poisoning/https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/what-you-need-know-about-foodborne-illnessesDecomposershttps://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dsny/docs/tip-sheet-decomposer-id-cpts-id-f.pdfPizza (Quora answer)https://www.quora.com/Is-it-safe-to-eat-pizza-left-out-overnight[Butt One More Thing]A/V plughttp://www.orderofthegooddeath.com/deathly-doodle-leakagehttp://fluidpusher.blogspot.com/2009/10/questions-of-day-jenn-edition.html

SciShow Tangents' Month of Fear continues! This week, Stefan is confronted by his fear of sharks! Thrill as we weave a tale of nigh-immortal sharks! Feel the chills run down your spine as you learn about how weird shark penises are! Try not to scream when you hear about Sharkarado, the Shark Colorado! This episode... might be too scary!!!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Still Shark Eggshttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052551Tiger Shark Siblingshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/baby-sand-tiger-sharks-devour-their-siblings-while-still-in-the-womb-46192985/Thermal Ventshttps://www.livescience.com/61699-skates-eggs-thermal-vents.html[Fact Off]White Shark Caféhttps://schmidtocean.org/cruise/voyage-white-shark-cafe/#datahttp://whitesharkcafe.org/media/photos-videoshttps://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/28/613394086/great-white-sharks-have-a-secret-cafe-and-they-led-scientists-right-to-ithttps://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Mysterious-great-white-shark-lair-discovered-in-13234068.phphttps://www.nature.com/articles/415035bGreenland sharks eating sealshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098112001657?via%3Dihubhttps://animals.mom.me/seals-sleep-4736.htmlhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/6/120626-greenland-sharks-seals-sleeping-animals-science/[Ask the Science Couch]Intromittent organs/peniseshttps://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/4/705/2198314https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/06/scienceshot-birds-disappearing-penisShark claspershttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/04/how-shark-penises-evolvedhttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7698https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/clasper[Butt One More Thing]Coprolite shark toothhttps://www.earthtouchnews.com/discoveries/fossils/that-time-a-prehistoric-shark-took-a-bite-out-of-a-turd/

Here at Tangents, we don't mess around when it comes to Halloween. So each week in October, the topic will be one of our greatest fears! Hank was apparently too afraid to even be on this episode, so instead special guest Caitlin Hofmeister confronts her fear of failure as we tell her tales of science gone wrong! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Bubble Wraphttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/accidental-invention-bubble-wrap-180971325/Whoopee Cushionhttps://torontoist.com/2013/04/toronto-invents-the-whoopee-cushion/Vaselinehttps://www.dummies.com/education/history/american-history/the-history-of-an-incredibly-useful-u-s-product-vaseline/https://www.damninteresting.com/nugget/story-of-vaseline/[Fact Off]Mosquito self-limiting geneFour Pests campaignhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/bodyhorrors/2014/02/26/mao-four-pests-china-disease/#.XKzfDOtKhxwhttps://io9.gizmodo.com/china-s-worst-self-inflicted-environmental-disaster-th-5927112https://chineseposters.net/themes/four-pests.phphttp://www.zonaeuropa.com/20061130_1.htmhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127087/[Ask the Science Couch]Killifishhttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6317/1305https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/against-tide-fish-adapts-quickly-lethal-levels-pollution/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/science/atlantic-killifish-evolution-pollution.htmlRadiotrophic fungihttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/radiation-helps-fungi-grow/https://mbio.asm.org/content/7/6/e01483-16https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000457Birdshttps://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140424223057.htmhttps://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2435.12283https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/pdf/S0169-5347(16)00019-7.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Artificial poop pillshttps://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/08/sham-poo-washes-out/493811/https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/214/2/173/2572105

Plastic: space age wonder material or planet-destroying scourge? The real answer may lie... somewhere in the middle (but leaning more towards scourge). Plus, learn exactly how many LEGO minifigures you can eat before you die! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Milkhttps://blogs.getty.edu/iris/galalith-alchemy-in-the-age-of-plastic/https://www.chemistryworld.com/podcasts/casein/3007625.articlehttps://www.ganoksin.com/article/galalith-jewelry-milk-stone/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-milk-plastic/Bloodhttps://books.google.com/books?id=3uoiAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA9https://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/rjrtags/ill65.htmlhttps://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261&context=beadshttps://materialdistrict.com/material/blood-plastic/https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261&context=beadspictures: https://www.hippohardware.com/blogs/news/at-deaths-door-a-history-of-hemaciteVenomhttp://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D2544[Fact Off]Bees and plastichttps://www.sciencealert.com/wild-bees-have-been-found-building-nests-entirely-out-of-plastic-for-the-first-timehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13592-019-00635-6https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-03/pp-bsw030117.phphttps://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1890/ES13-00308.1Celluloid billiard balls http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2015/05/13/the_death_of_billiards_and_the_rise_of_plastic_on_99_invisible_with_roman.htmlhttps://www.liveabout.com/what-pool-balls-are-made-of-368742https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/once-upon-time-exploding-billiard-balls-were-everyday-thing-180962751/http://mentalfloss.com/article/64247/first-plastic-billiard-balls-routinely-exploded[Ask the Science Couch]Corn plastichttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/environmental-impact-of-corn-based-plastics/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/corn-plastic-to-the-rescue-126404720/https://mcgillcompost.com/blog/recycling-number-7-pla-plastics[Butt One More Thing]Cigarette buttshttps://www.sciencealert.com/this-company-recycles-cigarette-butts-and-turns-them-into-plastic

For humans, the teenage years are marked by angst, self-discovery, and homework. For elephants, they’re marked by pus-weeping face glands, uncontrollable rage, and a green penis!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Guevedoces:https://secondnexus.com/opinion/the-intersex-children-of-salinas/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34290981https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/924291-overviewhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03769.xCat scratch disease: https://www.sciencealert.com/a-case-of-schizophrenia-found-to-be-a-bad-case-of-cat-scratch-disease[Fact Off]Musichttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/in-teen-music-choices-fear-rules/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22Gregory+S.+Berns%22Elephant Musthhttps://www.bbcearth.com/blog/?article=teenage-elephants-need-a-father-figurehttp://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/index.php?s=1&act=pdfviewer&id=1253211728&folder=125[Ask the Science Couch]Risk taking/brain developmenthttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3445337/https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontopsychology/chapter/6-3-adolescence-developing-independence-and-identity/Lyinghttp://www.jeffreyarnett.com/articles/articles/ARNETT_the_right_to_do_wrong.pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691815300184https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0109591[Butt One More Thing]Koala paphttps://www.savethekoala.com/about-koalas/life-cycle-koalahttp://koalainfo.com/pap-the-first-solid-food-of-koalas

New York Fashion Week is in full swing, and the world's most stylish science podcast is celebrating by exploring the intersection of fashion and science! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Beards & miasma theoryhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/plague-know/https://mentalfloss.com/article/31056/why-did-people-wear-powdered-wigshttps://io9.gizmodo.com/the-science-behind-todays-plague-doctor-costume-1737404375Lightning rodshttps://www.newspapers.com/clip/9256546/lubbock_morning_avalanche/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEH1AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA184https://books.google.com/books?id=g6cwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190Pictures: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_rod_fashionBulletproof silkhttps://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2578879http://mentalfloss.com/article/24039/brief-history-bulletproof-vestshttps://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jul/29/bulletproof-silk-vest-prevent-first-world-war-royal-armouries[Fact Off]Julie and ear grassLizards and human shirts[Ask the Science Couch]Bamboohttp://www.patagonia.com/static/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-PatagoniaShared/default/dw0de5a5be/PDF-US/bamboo_rayon.pdfHemphttps://slate.com/technology/2011/04/hemp-versus-cotton-which-is-better-for-the-environment.htmlWoolhttps://www.iwto.org/news/environmental-impacts-wool-textilesLinenhttps://econation.co.nz/linen/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320307130_GOING_ECO_GOING_DUTCH_A_local_and_closed_loop_textile_production_systemMass production (dyeing, burning)https://e360.yale.edu/features/can_waterless_dyeing_processes_clean_up_clothing_industry_pollutionhttps://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/9/17/17852294/fashion-brands-burning-merchandise-burberry-nike-h-and-m[Butt One More Thing]Cow manure clotheshttps://www.huffpost.com/entry/poop-clothing_n_58e7d6f0e4b058f0a02efa77

Wether it's a human trying to figure out the quickest way to the airport, a salmon returning to the waters where they were born, or a dog trying to figure out the perfect place to poop, almost everyliving thing uses some sort of innate or technological navigation system every day.  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Orientation of mental maps:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0135803Humans sensing magnetic fields:https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/can-humans-sense-the-magnetic-field--65611[Fact Off]Marine chronometerhttp://www.jgiesen.de/LunarDistance/index.htmlhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3087198?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://timeandnavigation.si.edu/navigating-at-sea/longitude-problemhttps://archive.org/details/principlesmrhar00unkngoog/page/n22https://www.timeandwatches.com/p/the-detent-escapement-from-marine.htmlEtak navigator[Ask the Science Couch]Sunstone/calcite:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/11/viking-sunstone-revealedhttps://arstechnica.com/science/2018/04/mysterious-sunstones-in-medieval-viking-texts-could-really-have-worked/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.172187https://www.nature.com/news/2011/110131/full/news.2011.58.htmlImage of calcite: https://www.sciencesource.com/Doc/TR1_WATERMARKED/6/9/f/3/SS2509789.jpg?d63642476241

Almost all of human culture and economics is structured around a handful of pretty metals that we have arbitrarily assigned value to!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!  If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Silver nanoparticleshttps://jnanobiotechnology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12951-017-0254-9https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/osu-elc051418.phphttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/embryo-inspired-bandage-17-times-stickier-band-aidhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/ez-pnf021419.phpCopperhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225400/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/copper-toxicityPlatinumhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29632935https://www.forbes.com/sites/carmendrahl/2017/04/14/why-is-platinum-in-some-chemotherapy-drugs-and-can-we-improve-them/#1a89a88417d4[Fact Off]Alchemy and phosphorus:https://phys.org/news/2019-01-phosphorus-years-discovery-vital-element.htmlhttps://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/02/465188104/phosphorus-starts-with-pee-in-this-tale-of-scientific-serendipityGold vein earthquakes: https://www.nature.com/news/earthquakes-make-gold-veins-in-an-instant-1.12615https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/earthquakes-are-basically-gold-factories-4659100/[Ask the Science Couch]Nickel allergy/reactivity:https://www.nickelinstitute.org/about-nickel/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783936/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3047925/https://books.google.com/books?id=CpAM1U1efqcC&pg=PA120Gold allergy/reactivity:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11244133https://books.google.com/books?id=1mk3lFVtBSQC&pg=PA104Implant metals:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9440845[Butt One More Thing]Metals in poop:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es505329qhttps://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8803.full

Extremophiles are tough little guys that not only survive but thrive in the harshest environments on Earth; unforgiving places like volcanic vents at the bottom of the sea, lakes of acid, and your bellybuttonTo learn more about extremophiles and a whole universe of other microscopic creatures, check out Journey to the Microcosmos at https://www.youtube.com/microcosmosFollow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Single-species Ecosystemhttps://www.newscientist.com/article/dn10336-gold-mine-holds-life-untouched-by-the-sun/Extremophile Cheesehttps://www.businessinsider.com/belly-button-innie-inside-cheese-bacteria-lint-fungi-2019-7Fluffy Pink Golden Fungushttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-discover-fungus-capable-collecting-gold-its-environment-180972293/[Fact Off]Berkeley pit extremophiles:https://medium.com/vision-2018/life-from-the-pit-70d3e0fbc0f6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEnWZcG3Nzkhttps://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/natural-products/Scientists-mine-potential-drugs-Berkeley/97/i18PCR & Taq polymerase:https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Polymerase-Chain-Reaction-Fact-Sheethttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techpcr/https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/10342020https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/yellowstone-bacteria-beer-science[Ask the Science Couch]Extremophiles:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4187170/Bacteria vs. Archaea:http://bio1520.biology.gatech.edu/biodiversity/prokaryotes-bacteria-archaea-2/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaea.htmlArchaea characteristics:https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/astrobiology/environments/https://microbiologyonline.org/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaeahttps://ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html[Butt One More Thing]Pompeii worm:https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/marinesymbiosis/pompeii.htmlhttp://faculty.montgomerycollege.edu/gyouth/FP_examples/student_examples/sathya_ramachandran/pompeiiworms.html

This week, the Other Couch's high-school-level understanding of chemistry is really put to the test as we talk about acid! What is it? How does it dissolve things? It has something to do... with protons? It seems way simpler in the movies!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Formic acid (general):https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Formic-acidFire ant antivenom:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/343/6174/1014.abstracthttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/invasive-crazy-ants-are-eating-up-invasive-fire-ants-in-the-south-65189409/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-rise-of-the-crazy-ants/Bone-house wasps:https://www.wired.com/2014/07/the-spider-eating-bone-house-wasp/Electricity-generating wasps:https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101221-solar-power-hornet-science-animals/[Fact Off]Internal sensor:https://www.seeker.com/when-swallowed-this-sensor-is-powered-by-stomach-acid-2248294501.htmlPregnancy gif:https://giphy.com/gifs/pregnancy-baby-fetus-WS91RYT47sA6Ihttps://imgur.com/gallery/d7n3eIHMoss bandage:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-humble-moss-helped-heal-wounds-thousands-WWI-180963081/https://images.app.goo.gl/TWkw555pqQcRF4Ap8[Ask the Science Couch]Battery energy storage:https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-batteries-store-an/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IV4IUsholjg&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPHzzYuWy6fYEaX9mQQ8oGrLead-acid batteries:https://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/lead_based_batterieshttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/leadacid.html

You might think you know everything there is to know about deserts: big, sandy, hot, etc. But between the alien mummies and the ice blades, we're guessing there's a lot you don't know. All that and you get to see Hank just totally embarrass himself while trying to talk about Pokemon. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Atacama Desert:Ata:https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/science/ata-mummy-alien-chile.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tiny-alien-skeleton-found-chile-was-likely-result-genetic-mutations-180968576/Ice Blades: https://www.sciencealert.com/eerie-ice-spires-harbour-life-in-one-of-the-harshest-environments-on-earthMicrobes:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35051-whttps://earthsky.org/earth/mars-like-atacanda-desert-rain-brings-death[Fact Off]Thorny devil lizard:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.170591Libyan Desert glass:http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5196362.stmhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022309384901777https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/47/7/609/570318/overestimation-of-threat-from-100-mt-class?redirectedFrom=fulltexthttps://theconversation.com/how-we-solved-the-mystery-of-libyan-desert-glass-117253[Ask the Science Couch]Sand depth:https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-9213-9_325-1https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-65661-8_10https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92232/grand-erg-oriental-algeriahttps://www.nps.gov/zion/learn/nature/sand-dunes-sandstone.htm[Butt One More Thing]Dung beetles:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/uotw-bud101912.phphttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822%2812%2901061-5

When you think metamorphosis, you might think a beautiful butterfly coming out of its cocoon. However, lots of things metamorphose in much less graceful, much more sticky, gooey, unsettling, and potentially dangerous ways!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links: [Truth or Fail]https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-01/uoc-sbb010308.php http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4460030.stmKind of gross but very cool, highly recommend this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCo2uCLXvhk[Fact Off]Cryptometamorphosis:https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/11/science/snail-metamorphosis.htmlhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2018.1099#sec-3Figure from paper: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/cms/attachment/12748a2e-c968-4fff-912a-9f9cd2c3d514/rspb20181099f01.gifWax moths and plastic:https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/25/525447206/a-worm-may-hold-the-key-to-biodegrading-plastichttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28441558[Ask the Science Couch]Grasshoppers/locusts:http://mentalfloss.com/article/57104/whats-difference-between-grasshoppers-and-locustshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-grasshoppers-go-bibl/(includes picture) https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/01/serotonin-makes-locusts-swarmhttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5703/1881

Plants and animals get all the glory, but fungi are out there every day, breaking down leaf litter, making our bread nice and fluffy, and fermenting alcohols. They deserve a little thanks, so we did a whole episode about them!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Fungal Pesticides:https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/12/522068205/fungal-pesticides-offer-a-growing-alternative-to-traditional-chemicalshttps://agrochemicals.iupac.org/index.php?option=com_sobi2&sobi2Task=sobi2Details&catid=3&sobi2Id=31https://phys.org/news/2019-02-virus-infested-fungus-chemical-pesticides.htmlTinder Fungi:https://www.uab.cat/web/newsroom/news-detail-1345668003610.html?noticiaid=1345754508535Egyptian Medicine:https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/10/nyregion/secrets-of-the-mummys-medicine-chest.html[Fact Off]Whiskey mold:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18065010https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5315285/https://www.wired.com/2011/05/ff-angelsshare/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/78dyqb/kentuckys-whiskey-fungus-problem-is-out-of-controlPlastic-digesting fungus:https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/fungi-research-lifts-lid-shy-organisms-break-down-plastichttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0202047https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117300295http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2017/09/12/scientists-find-fungus-appetite-plastic-rubbish-dump/[Ask the Science Couch]“Zombie” ants:https://www.pnas.org/content/114/47/12590https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0187170https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3204140/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/11/how-the-zombie-fungus-takes-over-ants-bodies-to-control-their-minds/545864/[Butt One More Thing]Zygomycota:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0003237https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8OAmcUnm4g

From 1961 to 1972, thousands of scientists, engineers, mathematicians, seamstresses, pilots, and even a child or two worked on the Apollo Program, collaborating to bring humanity to the moon. Today, Tangents celebrates this unparalleled work of collective science and engineering!  Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Golf Club:https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/objects-of-intrigue-alan-shepards-golf-clubhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/08/16/why-was-alan-shepard-allowed-to-bring-golf-clubs-to-the-moon/#1d7fe6b67f86Family Photo:https://www.businessinsider.com/apollo-16-hidden-family-portrait-on-the-moon-2015-10Ashes: https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/eugene-shoemaker-buried-moon-celestis-nasahttps://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/sl9/news82.html[Fact Off]Greg Force: Boy Hero: https://www.honeysucklecreek.net/other_stations/guam/index.htmlhttp://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/space/07/20/apollo11.irpt/index.htmlSpacesuit seamstresses: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/neil-armstrongs-spacesuit-was-made-by-a-bra-manufacturer-3652414/http://mentalfloss.com/article/82726/how-playtex-helped-win-space-racehttps://www.racked.com/2018/9/5/17771270/spacesuit-girdles-playtex-seamstresses-nasahttps://gizmodo.com/how-to-sew-a-spacesuit-5788241[Ask the Science Couch]Michael Collins lonely: https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/jul/HQ_09-164_Collins_statement.htmlhttps://www.space.com/16971-michael-collins-apollo-11.htmlhttps://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/overview/[Butt One More Thing]Moon poop bacteria:https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2019/3/22/18236125/apollo-moon-poop-mars-science

Living things are so full of complicated systems of cells and DNA, that things are bound to go wrong. And sometimes when things go wrong, cancer is the result. Today on Tangents we talk about the causes, health impacts, and potential cures (both real and fake) of cancer. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Norman Bakerhttps://historycollection.co/norman-baker-man-claimed-cure-cancer/Cow Warhttps://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=3298&context=iowastate_veterinarianAnimal Testes Transplanthttps://www.vice.com/en_us/article/4x3p73/early-body-hacking-when-men-got-goat-testicle-grafts-to-boost-their-sex-driveThe Philosophy of Success Bookhttps://archive.org/details/Law_Of_Success_in_16_Lessons[Fact Off]Turtle fossil bone cancer:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/02/ridiculously-rare-cancer-found-fossil-leg-turtle-triassic-paleontology/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/article-abstract/2723578Parasite-human cancer transmission:https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p1104-parasite-tumors.htmlhttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/tapeworm-spreads-deadly-cancer-to-human/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190325110313.htm[Ask the Science Couch]General:https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-and-cancerhttps://www.popsci.com/transmissible-cancers-animals/Tasmanian devil:https://www.tcg.vet.cam.ac.uk/about/DFTDhttps://www.nature.com/articles/onc2009350https://elifesciences.org/articles/35314Clams:https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(15)00243-3https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18599[Butt One More Thing]Farts & cancer:https://time.com/2976464/scientists-say-smelling-farts-might-prevent-cancer/https://pubs.rsc.org/En/content/articlelanding/2014/md/c3md00323j#!divAbstract

Natural disasters are a fact of life when you live on a giant ball of water, ice, and rock with a gooey magma center that’s hurtling through space… and all the pollution we’re pumping into the environment doesn’t really seem to be helping, either.Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Cloud seedinghttps://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-935704-30-0_9https://science.sciencemag.org/content/195/4274/139Absorbent polymerhttps://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5d.htmlhttp://discovermagazine.com/2002/sep/featrainHail cannonhttps://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477(1981)062%3C0368%3AHRTFHC%3E2.0.CO%3B2https://www.businessinsider.com/volkswagen-hail-cannons-mexico-farmers-draught-2018-8https://books.google.com/books?id=h-ADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA548https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/hail-cannons-the-devices-that-supposedly-blast-away-bad-weatherSoothttps://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/C5b.html[Fact Off]Year Without a Summer:https://scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/mount-tambora-and-year-without-summerhttp://mentalfloss.com/article/73585/15-facts-about-year-without-summerhttps://medium.com/@spencerbaum/the-year-without-summer-and-the-origins-of-frankenstein-13e6884c3eceTae Bo “earthquake:”https://www.geek.com/geek-cetera/korean-skyscraper-shakes-from-17-middle-aged-people-doing-tae-bo-1405157/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/07/117_91209.htmlhttp://mentalfloss.com/article/31349/how-power-literally-rocked-house[Ask the Science Couch]Glass rain:https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/galaxy-of-horrors/Cryovolcanoes: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/media/cassini-20081215b.htmLhttps://www.nature.com/news/2009/090325/full/news.2009.190.htmlIce quakes on Earth: http://climate.missouri.edu/news/arc/mar2014b.phphttp://time.com/5517690/frost-quakes-ice-polar-vortex-sounds/[Butt One More Thing]Hurricane Florence poop:https://www.govtech.com/em/disaster/Hurricane-Florence-Bathed-North-Carolina-in-Raw-Sewage-New-Figures-Show-it-was-Even-Worse-than-we-Thought.htmlhttps://www.livescience.com/63625-pig-manure-overflow-hurricane-florence.html

Fossils: a profound link to our Earth’s past… some are profound... some are beautiful… some are poop! Kallie Moore, host of PBS Eons joins the Tangents crew to talk old stone bones, fraudulent fossils, and a dinosaur so well preserved, we may be able to figure out what its last meal was. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! If you want more Kallie Moore, check out PBS Eons:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzR-rom72PHN9Zg7RML9EbAAnd if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Pseudofossils:http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Pseudofossils-1663.aspxUnderwater cave:https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110927-crocodile-fossils-found-underwater-cave/http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6440/N3779.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/6920Picture: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110927-crocodile-fossils-found-underwater-cave/#/40959.jpgAmber:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00379271.2010.10697637https://www.pnas.org/content/112/32/9961?ijkey=4607330261d2012edc599837b06f71be63ebc148&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha[Fact Off]Opalized fossils: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/12/exclusive-sparkly-opal-filled-fossils-reveal-new-dinosaur-species-paleontology/Super preserved Ankylosaur:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2017/06/dinosaur-nodosaur-fossil-discovery/https://www.livescience.com/65640-opal-dinosaur-herd-bones.html[Ask the Science Couch]Zircon:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/scientists-may-have-found-earliest-evidence-life-earthhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-earth-rocks-sediment-first-life-zircon/Tully monster:https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/tully-monster-still-a-mystery/https://www.isgs.illinois.edu/outreach/geology-resources/illinois-state-fossil-tullimonstrum-gregarium[Butt One More Thing]Fake poop:https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140729-dinosaur-coprolite-paleontology-dung-fossil-auction/

Birds singing, dogs barking, computers sending and receiving data, you reading this description: at the end of the day, it’s all communication. This week, we sit down with Vanessa Hill, host of the YouTube channel Braincraft, and do a little communicating about communication!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!If you want more Vanessa Hill, check out BrainCraft: https://www.youtube.com/user/braincraftvideoAnd if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Languages & ecological risk:Evolved antenna:https://ti.arc.nasa.gov/m/pub-archive/1244h/1244%20(Hornby).pdfhttp://www.genetic-programming.org/gecco2004hc/lohn-paper.pdfhttps://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/ABOUT/about-index.phpPicture of ST5 antenna: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/nmp/st5/TECHNOLOGY/antenna.htmlEvolution of antenna: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/2-Sequence-of-evolved-antennas-leading-up-to-antenna-ST5-331427_fig2_226537559[Ask the Science Couch]Animal communication: http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ling201/test1materials/Animalchart.htmhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2014/08/22/chirps-whistles-clicks-do-any-animals-have-a-true-language/?utm_term=.1e218b9e7f00http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/spackled/2009readings/Slobodchikoff%202009.PDFhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1834009/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150512-birds-hold-the-key-to-language  [Butt One More Thing]FRTs:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2003/11/farting-fish-keep-touchhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0107

Everybody eats, and everybody poops, but in between… that’s where the magic happens! This week we’re talking about everyone’s favorite organic method of removing nutrients from food: digestion!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Fact Off]Throat to small intestine:Phytobezoars:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400622/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2673384/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/apt.12141[Ask the Science Couch]Gum composition:https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/102/2/e22.longhttps://patents.google.com/patent/US6986907B2/enhttps://pslc.ws/macrog/pib.htmSwallowed gum:https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/swallowed-gum.htmlhttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/basics/transit.html[Butt One More Thing]Everlasting pill: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/antimony-metallic-cleanse-middle-ageshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3037053/

Be they big or small, purposeful or accidental, innocuous or potentially-planet-destroying, there is no question that humans are great at making messes and not so great at cleaning them up. Joe Hanson, host of the PBS channel Hot Mess, joins us to talk about some of the more notable messes we’ve made, and what, if anything, we can do to be less messy in the future. Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out themes for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out this episode’s page at scishowtangents.org!

So,right off the bat, basically all you need to know about this episode is that Hank sings this week's Science Poem. Beyond that, we delve into the eternal mystery that is 'sleep.' Where do oursdreams come from? How does sleeping help rejuvenate our brains and bodies? Why do some people need less sleep than others? Turns out, no one really knows yet, but it's still fun to talk about! Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Sleeping and Idea Generation:https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/sleep-creativity-theory/560399/http://mentalfloss.com/article/12763/11-creative-breakthroughs-people-had-their-sleephttps://www.brainpickings.org/2016/02/08/mendeleev-periodic-table-dream/https://www.inverse.com/article/3696-5-dreams-that-led-to-scientific-breakthroughs[Fact Off]Auto activation deficit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026624https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130911211923.htmNarcolepsy and dogs: https://med.stanford.edu/narcolepsy/narcolepsyhistory.htmlhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12026-014-8513-4https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625934/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9481825https://med.stanford.edu/content/dam/sm/psychiatry/documents/narcolepsy/latestnews/cell98.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Naturally short sleepers:https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2018/03/410051/scientists-discover-how-gene-mutation-reduces-need-sleephttps://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3434.short?rss=1https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3589707/Circadian rhythms:http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/science/variations/individual-variation-geneticshttps://www.scientificamerican.com/article/having-this-gene-may-make-some-people-night-owls/Flies:https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1007098[Butt One More Thing]Dormant butt syndrome:https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/your-dormant-butt-might-be-to-blame-for-knee-hip-or-back-pain

Every day, billions of people perform vital, life sustaining chemistry right in their homes! Baking, frying, boiling, fermenting… all cooking is science, and the way it weaves into our lives and cultures makes it uniquely fascinating! Join us this week to learn why the heck there’s iodine in your salt, what happens if you forget where in the bog you buried your cask of meat, and why baking a cake at high elevations can be so frustrating!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Hartshorn salt:https://www.thespruceeats.com/ammonium-carbonate-hartshorn-hirschhornsalz-1446913https://library.ndsu.edu/grhc/foods/recipe/ammonia.htmlBog butter:https://www.irishtimes.com/news/for-peat-s-safe-bog-butter-unearthed-with-turf-1.583009https://www.nature.com/news/1998/040315/full/news040315-5.htmlTurnspit: https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/05/13/311127237/turnspit-dogs-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-vernepator-curhttps://books.google.com/books?id=FVF_PhTjK7cC&pg=PA316#v=onepage&q&f=false[Fact Off]Iodine in salt:https://www.nber.org/papers/w19233Hank’s notes: https://docs.google.com/document/d/13t4UeMlNg5bH3v1HpkixBa_PYT6AB8NtCFqIBEw9XQk/edit?ts=5cbfd777Graphene vegetable oil:https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-have-turned-cheap-cooking-oil-into-a-material-200-times-stronger-than-steelhttps://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14217[Ask the Science Couch]Cooking at high elevation:https://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/icooks/article-3-03.htmlhttps://extension.colostate.edu/docs/pubs/foodnut/p41.pdfhttps://www.exploratorium.edu/cooking/bread/bread_science.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6098858/[Butt One More Thing]Baby poop meat:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0309174013005263?via%3Dihubhttps://www.livescience.com/43465-baby-poop-sausage-probiotic.html

From countless stories of little green men to colonization plans and endless rover and satellite missions, humans are sort of obsessed with Mars. One of those obsessed humans is Hank Green! This week he finally gets to put all his knowledge about his favorite planet to good use: winning fake points on a game show he made up!Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://docs.google.com/document/d/12swg6fcCIZYuQh4q9vmW6SBwMoLwnb7jq3s2qT9_Djg/edit?usp=sharing[Fact Off]First Mars image: The picture: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA14033Plutonium-238:https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/mbyz4v/scientists-are-automating-plutonium-production-so-nasa-can-explore-deep-spacehttps://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/plutonium-production-space-exploration/https://www.greenwichtime.com/technology/businessinsider/article/NASA-s-deep-space-nuclear-power-crisis-may-soon-13530374.php[Ask the Science Couch]Earth tectonics:https://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/science/plate-tectonics-continents-earth.htmlhttps://phys.org/news/2018-09-plate-tectonics-earth.htmlMars (lack of) tectonics:https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/tectonicshttps://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/exploring-the-planets/online/solar-system/mars/surface/volcanoes/[Butt One More Thing]Poop-eating bacteria:https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/02/03/582968023/making-space-food-with-space-poop

We couldn’t make podcasts without the science of sound. There’s a lot of technology involved in capturing the vibrations we’re making with our vocal folds so that we can share them with the whole Internet! So this week, we’re fine-tuning our knowledge of sound. Do scientists even know why music makes us feel emotions? Is the ocean really as silent as it seems, or are fish partying down there? And how did computer nerds send each other video games and Christmas cards through radio broadcasts?Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out themes for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Butterfly Hearing:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/10/these-butterflies-boost-their-hearing-unusual-strategy[Fact Off]Coral reef sounds:Computer program cassettes:https://qz.com/emails/quartz-obsession/1156672/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Audio/tape2.htmlhttp://artsites.ucsc.edu/EMS/music/tech_background/TE-16/teces_16.htmlhttps://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/storage/storage_fifty.htmlhttps://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1976-02/1976_02_BYTE_00-06_Color_Graphics#page/n73/mode/1uphttp://www.retrotechnology.com/restore/cass_data.htmlhttp://www.kotaku.co.uk/2014/10/13/people-used-download-games-radio[Ask the Science Couch]General Feelings & Physiological Effects:https://www.nature.com/news/why-dissonant-music-strikes-the-wrong-chord-in-the-brain-1.11791https://www.pnas.org/content/109/48/19858https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00140130600899104?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=terg20https://www.nature.com/news/neuroaesthetics-is-killing-your-soul-1.12640Chills:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-look-what-happens-brain-when-music-causes-chills-180959481/https://www.wired.com/2011/01/the-neuroscience-of-music/https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.2726 https://scan.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/03/10/scan.nsw009.abstract?cited-by=yes&legid=scan;nsw009v1https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735615572358Harmony:https://arxiv.org/html/1202.4212v1/#sec_2_3_2https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20930-why-harmony-pleases-the-brain/https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.108103[Butt One More Thing]Fart noises:https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19545944/fart-noises/

This week, we’re joined by Trace Dominguez from the YouTube channel Uno Dos of Trace to talk about genetic mutations! Tiny changes in an organism’s DNA sequence can lead to big variations or absolutely nothing. It’s just a roll of the dice! So what mutations have shown up in modern humans—different bones, livers, or even eyeballs? What is “foreign DNA” and where does it even come from? And can anybody name as many X-Men as Sam?If you want to know more about any of the topics discussed today, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]Hypoxia:https://www.sciencealert.com/indonesian-bajau-genetic-changes-adapt-them-to-aquatic-lifestyle-2Bones:https://www.the-scientist.com/notebook-old/the-worlds-densest-bones-47155https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa013444https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893644Smoking:https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-10-17-mn-51362-story.html[Fact Off]Tetrachromats:Colchicine and watermelons:https://csuvth.colostate.edu/poisonous_plants/Plants/Details/79https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4656054/https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=jbs.2013.277.282https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT71326739/PDFhttps://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/newsletters/hortupdate/hortupdate_archives/2000/may00/h5may00.htmlhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/for-plants-polyploidy-is-not-a-four-letter-word/[Ask the Science Couch]Foreign DNA:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-11/uonc-ahc111815.phphttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/290835.phphttps://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0607-3https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2009.1679https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7934/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6177113/[Butt One More Thing]Beautiful buttocks:https://www.nature.com/news/2002/020917/full/news020916-3.html

A bunch of things are considered agricultural science, from planting crops and raising sheep for wool to food safety and developing fertilizers. This week, we’re skimming the surface of agriculture, with a little detour into animals that sort of farm too. What accidental evolutionary pressures turned weeds into popular crops? Why are seed vaults so important to humanity? And what made Big Mike  basically go extinct, and are we worried about it happening with other crops? (Big Mike is a banana, by the way.)Want to know more about our topics? Check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://india.mongabay.com/2018/10/farmer-termites-bury-invaders-alive-to-protect-fungus-farms/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10886-017-0902-4https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00040-010-0092-3https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156847[Fact Off]Vavilovian mimicry:https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/weed-science/article/vavilovian-mimicry-nikolai-vavilov-and-his-littleknown-impact-on-weed-science/1B0263622E208DA4548BF0BCB918F255https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02858881http://labs.eeb.utoronto.ca/barrett/pdf/schb_54.pdfhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00140.xLeningrad seed vault:[Ask the Science Couch]Bananas:https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/25/banana-farming-danger-cavendish-crop-geneticshttps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/jun/18/scientists-scramble-to-stop-bananas-being-killed-offhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2017/12/27/banana-fungus-panama-disease/#.XIgdQFNKhxwhttps://www.apsnet.org/about/newsroom/releases/Pages/03Banana.aspxhttps://fusariumwilt.org/index.php/en/about-fusarium-wilt/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44712034[Butt One More Thing]Night soil: https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/05/07/182010827/is-it-safe-to-use-compost-made-from-treated-human-waste

Pregnancy is, biologically speaking, extremely weird! A pregnant animal’s body goes through so many hormonal and physical changes to make sure a zygote has everything it needs to grow. This week, we’re talking about a few of those things, like why pregnant people get nauseated and other animals might not. So is pseudopregnancy a real thing, or are pandas just tricking zookeepers to get extra treats? Why is there a patent for a birthing machine that looks like a horrible carnival ride? And what the heck is a stone baby?Want to know more about our topics? Check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://patents.google.com/patent/US3216423A/enhttps://dublin.sciencegallery.com/failbetter/apparatusfacilitatingbirthchildcentrifugalforce/[Fact Off]Panda pseudopregnancy:Lithopedion:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3979976/https://alumni.amc.edu/pages/archives/archives---the-stone-babyhttps://utmb.influuent.utsystem.edu/en/publications/lithopedion-stone-babyhttps://www.health.harvard.edu/womens-health/calcium-beyond-the-boneshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4750627/[Ask the Science Couch]Morning sickness:http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2000/05/morning-sickness-protects-mothers-and-their-unbornhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676933/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2664252?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://www.pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk/resources/literature-review/symptoms-of-nvp-in-animals/https://www.livescience.com/32301-do-pregnant-animals-get-morning-sickness.html[Butt One More Thing]Meconium:http://science.sciencemag.org/content/112/2901/150.longhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18281199

This week, we’re joined by Blake de Pastino from the YouTube channel PBS Eons to talk about how plants, animals, and geologic events used to be so… huge. There are still blue whales and massive natural disasters, but the days of the Megalodon have passed. So were those big tunnels in South America really dug out by giant ground sloths? Where is the largest impact crater in the Solar System? And did humans really huddle under the skeletal remains of the giant armadillo-like Glyptodon? To learn more about this week's topic, check out these links:[Truth or Fail]https://natural-history.uoregon.edu/collections/web-galleries/saber-toothed-salmonhttps://cals.arizona.edu/classes/ento596c/topic/session9.htmlhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10420940.2016.1223654?scroll=top&needAccess=true&http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2017/03/28/paleoburrows-south-america/#.XFC3uc9Khxzhttp://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/044_Paleotocas_ING.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Glyptodon carapaces:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/02/ancient-armadillos-grew-big-vw-beetleshttps://books.google.com/books?id=kUAKgNfiAvoC&pg=PA184#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttps://www.jstor.org/stable/971990?read-now=1&seq=6#page_scan_tab_contentshttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/2055556315Z.00000000031?journalCode=ypal20https://books.google.com/books?id=2tk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223[Butt One More Thing]Stegosaurus butt brain misconception:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-double-dinosaur-brain-myth-12155823/

Bats have a bad reputation because of the ones that drink blood or spread disease, but these furry flying critters can be pretty cute! This week, we’re talking about everything from echolocation to weird potential uses for bat poop. Are there really bats with suction cups on their wings or is that just a cool toy idea? What is white nose syndrome and could vaping mushroom compounds… help? And what do you really think about Hank’s Dracula impression?Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out themes for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions!And if you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:[Poem]https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-pitcher-plants-call-bats-get-their-poo-180956014/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1141[Truth or Fail]Bats that spend time on the ground:http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/03/vampire-bats-keep-out-trouble-running-study-showshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16621953https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/creatura-blog/2018/01/why-fly-when-you-can-shuffle-the-lesser-short-tailed-bat-prefers-the-ground/Diurnal bats:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/11/daytime-bats-help-explain-nocturnal-evolution/https://blogs.plos.org/ecology/2017/06/29/bat-species-found-only-on-islands-in-trouble-worldwide/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.ahead-of-print/mammalia-2017-0128/mammalia-2017-0128.xmlSuction cup bats:https://www.wired.com/2010/04/how-sucker-winged-bats-hang-on/[Fact Off]Bat & dolphin echolocation:https://evolutionnews.org/2012/05/tangling_the_tr/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/hear-bats-and-whales-share-sonar-proteinhttps://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)02073-9https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12511https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/refined-fine-tuned-placental-mammal-family-tree/Moth echolocation blocker:https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/07/moths-block-bats-sonarhttp://science.sciencemag.org/content/325/5938/325?keytype=ref&siteid=sci&ijkey=GbDjRlkoHfRnYhttps://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2009/07/17/tiger-moths-jam-the-sonar-of-bats/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/14/2416[Ask the Science Couch]White-nose syndrome:https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/bat_crisis_white-nose_syndrome/Q_and_A.htmlhttps://www.whitenosesyndrome.org/static-page/what-is-white-nose-syndromehttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-bats-could-bounce-back-devastating-white-nose-syndrome-180969378/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02441-zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/2/48[Butt One More Thing]Bat guano gunpowder:https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dkc09

You might know him from his greatest hits: natural selection, Galápagos finches, and eating lots of the animals he studied… it’s Charles Darwin! This week, we’re talking about this famous biologist and some of the weirder science he did. What kind of books did he write after he published On the Origin of Species? Why was he so disgusted by fish spitting out seeds? And was it normal to write a letter to a scientist friend and ask detailed questions about barnacle sex? Sources:[Truth or Fail]https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/4x38gj/darwins-monsters-parasitoid-waspshttps://books.google.com/books?id=lIcoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=charles+darwin+eyebrows&source=bl&ots=YrNkw9VczZ&sig=ACfU3U06m2pYFahEfpPveHOyT8auD0ZeXw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivsMeU4LvgAhUbJzQIHUaoA5wQ6AEwFXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=charles%20darwin%20eyebrows&f=false[Fact Off]Seeds & fish:http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1683&viewtype=text&pageseq=1https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-1681.xmlhttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2017/11/17/darwin-bird-vomit/#.XBlv3c9Khxwhttps://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/161/1/20/2418329Barnacles: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3574338/[Ask the Science Couch]Darwin’s understanding vs. ours:http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20141017-how-flowers-conquered-the-worldhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-darwin-didnt-know-45637001/https://www.wired.com/2014/12/fantastically-wrong-thing-evolution-darwin-really-screwed/http://www.esp.org/books/darwin/variation/facsimile/contents/darwin-variation-chap-27-i.pdfhttp://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/449/Soft%20Inhertance/Geison%20-%20Pangenesis.pdf[Butt One More Thing]Darwin bark spider:http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151126-the-worlds-biggest-spider-web-can-span-an-entire-riverhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0011234

If you think about it, we’re all time travelers moving forward at one second per second… right? This week, we try really hard to define time, get sort of existential about it, and then talk about the science of timekeeping, from circadian rhythms to weird mechanical clocks. What happens to someone’s sense of time if you put them in a big bunker locked away from the outside world? How did we decide there would be 60 seconds in a minute, and did we ever try to measure time with a decimal system? And if a human were to instantaneously dissolve into a pile of goo because their time was up, what would it sound like?Sources:[Truth or Fail]https://mechanism.ucsd.edu/teaching/F11/philbiology2011/aschoff.circadianrhythmsinman.1965.pdfhttps://www.mpg.de/943613/S003_Flashback_060_061.pdfhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/6216073/Maurizio-Montalbini.html[Fact Off]Music & walking:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0067932Castle Clock: http://muslimheritage.com/article/al-jazari%E2%80%99s-castle-water-clock-analysis-its-components-and-functioninghttps://artsandculture.google.com/asset/al-jazari-s-book-of-knowledge-of-ingenious-mechanical-devices-the-castle-water-clock/DgF6LT4UYXvU4Ahttps://www.ee.columbia.edu/not-your-father%E2%80%99s-analog-computer-professor-yannis-tsividisAnimation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qz7soHvy-Pw[Ask the Science Couch]60 seconds/minutes:https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-1487,00.htmlhttp://curious.astro.cornell.edu/161-our-solar-system/the-earth/day-night-cycle/761-why-is-a-day-divided-into-24-hours-intermediatehttps://gizmodo.com/why-there-are-24-hours-in-a-day-5926491http://mentalfloss.com/article/32127/decimal-time-how-french-made-10-hour-day[Butt One More Thing]Speed of poop:https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/04/speed-of-poop-big-or-small-mammals-drop-a-deuce-in-12-secs-study-finds/https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/sm/c6sm02795d/unauth#!divAbstract

When can you start calling a rodent “giant?” When it’s twice the average size of its species? When you’re not grossed out by it? When it could be a mascot for a family fun center? We don’t really have a precise answer to that… but this week, we’re exploring the science of big ol’ rodents! Turns out, giant rodents have shaped the environment in lots of ways, from ancient megafauna stomping through South American wetlands to beavers affecting the climate. And even though they sound kind of scary, giant rats might be able to save human lives. But the real question is: what’s up with capybara anal pouches?Sources:[Truth or Fail]https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/02/making-teeth-tough-beavers-show-way-to-improve-our-enamel-http://www.sci-news.com/biology/science-biswamoyopterus-laoensis-new-species-flying-squirrel-laos-01361.htmlhttps://www.apopo.info/en/tuberculosis-detection/projectshttp://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/tb/backgroundhttps://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/23/rats-who-sniff-out-tubersulosishttps://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/08/140816-rats-tuberculosis-smell-disease-health-animals-world/[Fact Off]Hippos & biggest rodent:Beavers & carbon emissions:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/uoh-bha082918.phphttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/07/what-role-do-beavers-play-climate-changehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13280-014-0575-y[Ask the Science Couch]Gigantism:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-king-kong-should-have-been-blue-whale-180962603/https://www.nature.com/articles/482008dhttps://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/05/120521-killer-mice-birds-gough-island-endangered-animals-science/https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00534.xhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358651/[Butt One More Thing]Capybara anal pouches:https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1984.tb05087.x

For our very first live show at PodCon 2, we were joined by Elah Feder, the co-host and producer of the podcast Undiscovered! Podcasting on a stage with a live audience meant we really had to bring our A-game, so we swapped stories of famous actors, politicians, and other celebrities who also dabbled in science. Sources:[Truth or Fail]http://ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be/eng/TC003EN.htmlhttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/old-world-high-tech-141284744/[Fact Off]Julia Child:https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2015-featured-story-archive/shark-repellent.htmlhttps://appliedecology.cals.ncsu.edu/absci/wp-content/uploads/Stroud-et-al-2014.pdfhttps://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/4935https://faculty.washington.edu/sisneros/Sisneros%20and%20Nelson%202001.pdfZeppo Marx: [Ask the Science Couch]Brian May’s thesis: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/295744.pdfhttps://www.space.com/5692-queen-guitarist-publishes-astrophysics-thesis.htmlhttp://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/cosmic_reference/zodydust.htmlhttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1994IAUS..160..127D[Butt One More Thing]Dr. Rush’s Bilious Pills:https://io9.gizmodo.com/archaeologists-tracked-lewis-and-clark-by-following-the-1727887223https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/medrush.htm

Do you ever just wonder, “are the bees doing okay?” They’re so important to our food industry and native ecosystems, and every couple of years it seems like something horribly bad is happening to them. So this week, we’re taking a look at the fascinating lives and deaths of bees! Can they recognize human faces or understand the concept of zero? Why are blister beetles mimicking sexy bee pheromones? And what do nightclubs and honeybee hives have in common? Sources:[Poem]https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120316-hot-bee-balls-hornets-insects-brains-animals-science/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/206/2/353.full.pdf[Truth or Fail]Handedness in beesBees understanding zeroBees recognize faces[Ask the Science Couch]CCD: https://www.epa.gov/pollinator-protection/colony-collapse-disorderGlyphosate:http://jeb.biologists.org/content/218/17/2799https://www.glyphosate.eu/glyphosate-mechanism-actionhttps://www.pnas.org/content/115/41/10305Native bees:https://www.wired.com/2015/04/youre-worrying-wrong-bees/http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Xerces_policy_statement_HB_Final.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5722319/[Butt One More Thing]Isopentyl acetate:https://www.extension.entm.purdue.edu/beehive/pdf/Breed_et_al.pdfhttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/isoamyl_acetate#section=Top

We’ve all heard about “The Algorithms” that affect our lives, making decisions for and about us. And artificial intelligence systems are recommending podcasts, picking out targeted ads, and playing games against humans every single day. This week, we’re going to skim the surface of AI and chat about everything from Siri to personality prediction software. How are these tools used to help the world, or are we mostly heading toward a dystopian future? What’s the Turing test and is it even a useful measure of artificial intelligence? And if a poem is written with software… is it really art? (We don’t know either.)Sources:AI-[Poem]http://janusnode.com/[Truth or Fail]https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-ai-vs-siri-vs-bing-iq-tests-show-one-is-smartest-by-a-mile/https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.10242https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-38390798[Fact Off]Anti-poaching:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-ai-camera-helps-conservationists-spot-elephant-poachers-180971180/https://www.inverse.com/article/52203-ai-camera-poacher-watchhttps://www.inverse.com/article/48043-paul-allen-makes-amends-with-coral-reefs-with-artificial-intelligence-researchEye tracking:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00105/full?utm_source=FWEB&utm_medium=NBLOG&utm_campaign=ECO_FNHUM_personality-eye-movements[Ask the Science Couch]Turing test:https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing-test/https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20865-software-tricks-people-into-thinking-it-is-human/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/turing-test-measures-something-but-not-intelligence-180951702/https://www.wired.com/2012/06/flawed-turing-test/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jun/09/scientists-disagree-over-whether-turing-test-has-been-passed[Butt One More Thing]Artificial anus:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5655776

This week, our producer Caitlin Hofmeister is joining the pod to talk about the Sun, and lending her expertise as a host of the YouTube channel SciShow Space. The Sun affects pretty much everything we do here on Earth, from our weather to our technology. So what schemes have scientists been cooking up to shield the Earth from the Sun? How have solar flares affected humans… and should we be afraid of them? And is “Guy” really a good nickname, or is this star more special than that? Sources:[Definition]https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~pberlind/atlas/htmls/note.html[Truth or Fail]https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/news-blog/geoengineering-solution-no-9-the-fl-2008-09-08/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/geoengineering-holds-promise-but-the-technology-needs-work/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/blocking-the-sun-is-no-plan-b-for-global-warming/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_sunshadehttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-11/uoa-ssm110306.php[Fact Off]Ocean mines:https://www.sciencealert.com/the-sun-may-have-detonated-dozens-of-us-sea-mines-uncovered-navy-documents-revealhttps://vva.vietnam.ttu.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/83295https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018SW002024http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WAMUS_Mines.php#Vietnam_War_%22Destructor%22_Mineshttp://www.navweaps.com/index_tech/tech-068.php#Magnetic_Mines2012 solar storm:[Ask the Science Couch]https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/iris/multimedia/layerzoo.htmlhttps://www.space.com/17160-sun-atmosphere.htmlhttps://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/sun1.html[Butt One More Thing]https://newprairiepress.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1507&context=sttclhttps://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/georges-bataille-the-solar-anus

Are you one of those people who doesn’t feel awake until you have caffeine coursing through your bloodstream? Well, you can choose to ingest some chemical stimulants, but they’re also something your body makes! Just think about the adrenaline rush before a public speech. This week, we’re going to dig into what science actually says about caffeine and dehydration. Why did some people try to ban coffee, and how dangerous was the pick-me-up given to some Antarctic explorers? And why the heck did researchers think gerbils could help with airport security? Sources:[Fact Off]Gerbils:Forced March:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2810%2962153-8/fulltexthttps://granta.com/shackletons-medical-kit/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/27/161881513/cocaine-for-snowblindness-what-polar-explorers-packed-for-first-aidhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279970/[Ask the Science Couch]Dehydration:http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/33/2/167https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12187618https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/640f/49f096f9a01e2c3ef103945a39830a12cd5c.pdfhttps://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/04/health/nutrition/04real.html?_r=2[Butt One More Thing]Civet poop coffee:https://www.businessinsider.com/kopi-luwak-cat-poop-worlds-most-expensive-coffee-taste-test-2018-11https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kopi-Luwak

At some point, we’ve all probably looked up at birds and wished we could fly. And some curious people took that wish and did science! From the biology of flying animals to machines that help humans take to the skies, this week, we’re exploring the science of flight. Why do we travel by plane instead of floating on airships? How long can some birds fly before landing? And what else do they get up to in midair… eating? ...sex? ...sleeping? [Truth or Fail]https://www.businessinsider.com/only-one-place-was-allowed-to-take-off-after-flights-were-grounded-on-sept-11-2011-2011-9[Fact Off]Swifts:https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)31063-6Frigate birds:[Ask the Science Couch]https://www.airships.net/dirigible/https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/hybrid-airship.htmlhttps://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/01/19/the-uss-akron-disaster/https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/pa4q3g/theres-a-push-to-bring-back-the-zeppelin-in-canadas-remote-north[Butt One More Thing]http://www.airpowerworld.info/other-military-aircraft/supermarine-stranraer.htm

Mucus grosses people out. Whether it’s coming out of your nose or slime oozing from an animal, it’s not really a pleasant substance. But scientifically, mucus is super cool—it can be used for protection, hunting, lubrication, or plain old stickiness. Why do some cephalopods spew out specialized mucus? Does slathering snail slime on your face actually do anything to your skin? And could eating boogers be… good? Sources:[Truth or Fail]http://science.sciencemag.org/content/328/5979/704https://www.mbari.org/mbari-researchers-discover-what-vampire-squids-eat-its-not-what-you-think/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b94c/447075249a39cac514cbb3c6bf24c4e8306c.pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4052311/[Fact Off]Snail mucus:Parasitic worms:http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2010/12/02/a-new-treatment-for-bowel-problems-eating-1000-parasitic-worm-eggs/#.W-ICt3pKgW8https://www.ecco-ibd.eu/index.php/publications/congress-abstract-s/abstracts-2015/item/p389-a-double-blind-clinical-trial-on-trichuris-suis.html[Ask the Science Couch]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11465519https://aem.asm.org/content/81/1/332.longhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/727897https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-3-99[Butt One More Thing]https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2016/05/10/how-this-fish-survives-in-a-sea-cucumbers-bum/

Some small, magical corner of your heart wants dragons to be real, right? Well... sorry. They’re not. But this week, we wanted to celebrate some science adjacent to dragons, from fruit and animals named after them to giant flying predators that probably terrified humans.Sources:[Truth or Fail]http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150320-meet-two-new-dragon-millipede-species-first-described-in-laoshttp://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/fieldcourses04/PapersCostaRicaArticles/TheFunctionalityandEvolut.html[Fact Off]Fire Hawks:Haast’s Eagles:[Ask the Science Couch]https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/04/30/how-this-beetle-creates-500-explosions-per-second-in-its-bum/[Butt One More Thing]https://www.wired.com/2013/12/the-secret-underwater-world-of-dragons/

From sugary snow cones to WWII plans for an aircraft carrier made of ice and wood pulp, humans have had big dreams for frozen water. So this week, we’re exploring the science of snow and ice across the globe. Turns out, there are ancient refrigerators in the dry Iranian desert and abandoned military bases under the Greenland ice sheet. And even though Japanese snow monkeys seem all cozy and chill in their hot springs, what mischief do they get up to in their free time? Sources:[Truth Or Fail]https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10329-015-0492-0https://www.researchgate.net/blog/post/japans-monkeys-wash-their-potatoes-and-ride-deer-like-horseshttps://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chilling-out-hot-springs-may-help-japans-snow-monkeys-reduce-stress-180968686/[Fact Off]Camp Century:http://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/research/drill_analysing/history_drilling/drill_bedrock/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/mysterious-ice-buried-cold-war-military-base-may-be-unearthed-climate-changehttp://www.iceandclimate.nbi.ku.dk/about_centre/history/https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_OxygenBalanceIceboxes:http://eartharchitecture.org/?p=570[Ask the Science Couch]http://www.ccmr.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/11/Ice-Alloys.pdfhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/description-of-the-iceberg-aircraft-carrier-and-the-bearing-of-the-mechanical-properties-of-frozen-wood-pulp-upon-some-problems-of-glacier-flow/BE12BCCE68FE5D9C307299A2F1F2DFC6[Butt One More Thing]https://www.livescience.com/61018-turtles-breathe-through-butt.html

A new year means New Year’s resolutions! Lots of people are probably getting their fitness on, whether it’s by joining a gym or putting on yoga YouTube videos. So this week, we’re stretching our muscles to explore the science of exercise!Sources:[Truth or Fail]Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1498/Increased blood volume:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630597/New brain cells:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-11/nwsu-eib111217.php[Fact Off]Thinking about muscles: https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/jn.00386.2014https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-grow-stronger-without-lifting-weights/Animals on wheels: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1786/20140210.fullhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760155/https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/09/14/409409.full.pdf[Ask the Science Couch]Flexibility:http://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_2.htmlhttp://web.mit.edu/tkd/stretch/stretching_3.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273886/[Butt One More Thing]Space underwear: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-underwear-idUSTRE52M6ER20090323

This week, we’re joined by evolutionary biologist and science communicator Dr. Sally LePage to talk all about parasites! How did we deal with them before modern medicine? Are there any parasites bigger than their hosts? And is parasite-ception a thing!?Sources:[Fact Off]Fruit fly fungus:Frog flatworm:https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2013/02/13/a-flurry-of-frog-legs/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4330773/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00436-011-2451-zhttps://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/13/us/many-reports-of-deformities-among-frogs-are-puzzling.htmlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636111/[Ask the Science Couch]Cuckoos: https://www.audubon.org/news/the-brilliant-ways-parasitic-birds-terrorize-their-victimshttps://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Brood_Parasitism.htmlPlants:http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7496.htmlhttps://csfs.colostate.edu/forest-management/common-forest-insects-diseases/dwarf-mistletoe/[Butt One More Thing] - pick the one that we end up using (probably Hank’s)Tick anus:https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/717730_2Poop bean sprout:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192079/

From website banners to scratch-and-sniff magazine spreads, you’ve probably been the target of thousands of ads. Like, you’re even going to hear one during this podcast—we gotta eat! At this point, you might feel like you’re immune to advertising, because there’s no way a ridiculous infomercial could make you want a reusable juice box. But the psychology behind advertising has always been powerful. So this week, we’re diving into the science of when ads work, when they don’t, and when they’ve led to some pretty serious problems like the opioid epidemic.Sources:[Truth or Fail]https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797613502732https://academic.oup.com/jcr/article-abstract/44/4/877/3829544?redirectedFrom=fulltexthttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-03/uom-ita031116.php[Fact Off]Brand partnerships:Opioid epidemic:https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-advertising-shaped-first-opioid-epidemic-180968444/https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1508818https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125194/[Ask the Science Couch]https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uoia-scs051817.phphttp://www.nber.org/papers/w20171.pdfhttps://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/06/a-dangerous-question-does-internet-advertising-work-at-all/372704/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/08/why-good-advertising-works-even-when-you-think-it-doesnt/244252/[Butt One More Thing]https://thequackdoctor.com/index.php/dr-youngs-rectal-dilators/

Eggs have tons of different sizes, textures, and protective shells, from giant ostrich eggs to squishy fish egg clusters. But, scientifically, they all boil down to the same thing: an egg is just a reproductive cell that can be fertilized by a sperm to make an embryo. This week, we’re cracking the science of eggs wide open![Truth or Fail]Brown trouts:http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150214-fake-orgasms-and-other-sex-lieshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003347200915859?via%3DihubOctopuses:https://www.mbari.org/deep-sea-octopus-broods-eggs-for-over-four-years-longer-than-any-known-animal/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0103437Trilobites:https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170124124905.htmhttps://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/45/3/199/195237/pyritized-in-situ-trilobite-eggs-from-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext[Fact Off]Stick insect eggs:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/ku-tsi052318.phphttps://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/stick-insects-lure-ants-fatty-knobshttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/05/science/stick-insects-eggs-birds.htmlHumsters: http://www.stillhq.com/pdfdb/000360/data.pdfhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mrd.1120230307https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-3310-0_5https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1725451[Ask the Science Couch]Egg shape: https://galapagosconservation.org.uk/whale-shark-reproduction/https://scripps.ucsd.edu/centers/cmbc/2018/05/15/hydrothermal-vents-incubators-for-deep-sea-skate-egg-cases/https://books.google.com/books?id=zg1mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158&lpg=PT158http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6344/1249http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160304-one-animal-has-more-babies-than-any-other

Have you ever wanted to lick the Moon and find out what that grey dust tastes like? If so, you’re in luck. This week, we’re sampling the science of taste, from the Apollo 16 mission reports to how the flavor compounds in amniotic fluid may affect babies’ food preferences. Apparently, it can get garlicky in there. But can non-human animals develop a sense of taste? And is “pine mouth” a real thing, or is it just what happens when Hank eats mysterious seeds he finds in the forest?

What do the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, and the Moon have in common? They’re all satellites that orbit the Earth! This week, we’re going extraterrestrial to talk about the dreams, discoveries, and debacles that went into Mir and other weirdly cool human-made satellites. Plus, we dig into burning questions, like whether the Sun can be considered a satellite. And we’re big enough space nerds that we try to explain some celestial mechanics.Sources:[Truth or Fail]https://www.wired.com/2014/07/orange-juice-toothpaste/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354153/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4684458/http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171114232622/https://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/SafetyAlertsAdvisories/ucm247099.htm[Fact Off]Moon dust: https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2006/30jan_smellofmoondustBees and Pesticides:https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180828204911.htmhttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885/20180655https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/187907/the-more-pesticides-bees-more-they/[Ask the Science Couch]Developing taste: https://www.npr.org/2011/08/08/139033757/babys-palate-and-food-memories-shaped-before-birthhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7583013http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/107/6/e88.full[Butt One More Thing]Sea cucumber eating:https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2013/03/14/giant-sea-cucumber-eats-with-its-anus/

With American Thanksgiving around the corner, turkey is on everyone’s mind! So this week, we’re taking a closer look at flightless birds of all shapes and sizes! What prevents some birds from using their wings to fly? Did Australians really start a war against emus? Plus, we’ll answer your burning questions about the sex lives of many, many different kinds of birds! Wow!Sources:[Truth or Fail]Inaccessible Island rail:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790318301763?via%3Dihubhttps://gizmodo.com/how-a-tiny-flightless-bird-ended-up-on-an-island-in-the-1830188012Ostrich egg globes:https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/08/130821-ostrich-globe-map-discovery-science-nation/Emu War:https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/the-great-emu-war-in-which-some-large-flightless-birds-unwittingly-foiled-the-australian-army/  [Fact Off]Crested penguins:https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-02/s-ppi021016.phphttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00265-016-2060-zhttps://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-06/uod-ppc062816.phphttps://www.nature.com/articles/srep28785Ratite reproduction:https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00858.xhttp://mentalfloss.com/article/80394/10-facts-about-cassowarieshttp://blogs.discovermagazine.com/discoblog/2011/12/08/finally-the-ostrich-penis-provides-the-answer-to-a-long-standing-question/#.W6FsOZNKhxwhttps://www.merckvetmanual.com/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/ratites/reproduction-of-ratites[Ask the Science Couch]Kākāpō:https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2018/03/22/happy-hatchday-21-years-of-conservation-success-for-the-kakapo/https://phys.org/news/2015-11-rimu-berry-game-changer-kakapo.htmlhttps://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/news/060401_kakapo[Butt One More Thing]Ostrich urine & feces:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1095643303000060

We’re delving into the complicated world of scientific hoaxes. Some are just goofs that went a little too far, but others have had serious negative impacts on public health.Welcome, traveler, to the first episode! This is Sam from December of 2020. I can't believe, more two years later, we're still playing this goofy game! If you're starting here, you have a long and grand adventure ahead of you. It only gets way better from here!If you're working your way backwards... well, you did it! Hopefully a new episode will be coming out soon, otherwise what will you listen to while you do your chores?? Sources:[Truth or Fail]Cello Scrotum:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1610985/https://www.bmj.com/content/338/bmj.b379http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7853564.stmSurfer’s Ear:http://ent.uci.edu/more-at-uc-irvine/conditions/surfers-ears.aspJeep Butt: https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/healthpolicy/CHPR/downloads/mil_prep042605.pdfhttp://www.academia.edu/19875506/Pilonidal_sinus_Jeeps_disease_An_improved_model_of_care[Fact Off]Mary Toft:http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/aug2009.htmlhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/238/1/43/4822513Parapsychology:http://www.tricksterbook.com/truzzi/ZS-Issues-PDFs/ZeteticScholarNos12-13.pdfhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.617.9791&rep=rep1&type=pdfhttps://www.csicop.org/uploads/files/martin-gardner-pdfs/landmark-pk-hoax.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20060503224225/http://www.banachek.org/nonflash/project_alpha.htmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1S5CRcqJQo[Ask the Science Couch]Andrew Wakefield:https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c5347https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136032/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2323045/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.htmlhttps://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/jan/28/andrew-wakefield-mmr-vaccine[Butt One More Thing]Fake coprolite: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140729-dinosaur-coprolite-paleontology-dung-fossil-auction/

Introducing the lightly competitive knowledge showcase from the geniuses behind the YouTube series SciShow. Every Tuesday, join Hank Green, Ceri Riley, Stefan Chin, and Sam Schultz as they try to one-up and amaze each other with weird and funny scientific research... while not getting distracted. There will be tangents about video games, music, weird smells, surprisingly deep insights about life, and of course, poop, but it always comes back to the science.