Camille Fournier is the author of The Manager’s Path, which many consider the definitive guide for navigating one’s career path in tech. Camille was previously the CTO of Rent the Runway, VP of Technology at Goldman Sachs, Head of Platform Engineering at Two Sigma, and Global Head of Engineering and Architecture at JPMorgan Chase. She is about to release new newest book, Platform Engineering: A Guide for Technical, Product, and People Leaders. In our conversation, we discuss:• What product managers do that annoys engineers• Why major rewrites are a trap• Why you should have fewer one-on-ones• Strategies for organizing and working with platform teams• Tips for new managers• Advice for transitioning from individual contributor to manager• Much more—Brought to you by:• DX—A platform for measuring and improving developer productivity• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/engineering-leadership-camille-fournier—Where to find Camille Fournier:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/camille-fournier-9011812/• Website: https://skamille.medium.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Camille’s background(02:17) Common annoyances between PMs and engineers(07:09) Avoiding the telephone game(08:05) Hoarding ideas and over-engineering(09:55) The importance of involving engineers in ideation(11:37) The middle-person dilemma(14:21) Rewriting systems: a big trap?(20:40) Engineering leadership lessons(36:02) Moving from IC to management(40:32) One-on-one meetings(45:10) Pushing beyond comfort zones(45:27) Building a balanced work culture(48:01) Effective time management strategies(54:15) Advice for platform team success(01:02:42) Platform team responsibilities(01:04:43) When to form a platform team(01:07:02) Thriving on a platform team(01:12:48) AI corner(01:17:03) Lightning round and final thoughts—Referenced:• Platform Engineering: A Guide for Technical, Product, and People Leaders: https://www.amazon.com/Platform-Engineering-Technical-Product-Leaders/dp/1098153642/• The Manager’s Path: A Guide for Tech Leaders Navigating Growth and Change: https://www.amazon.com/Managers-Path-Leaders-Navigating-Growth/dp/1491973897• 97 Things Every Engineering Manager Should Know: Collective Wisdom from the Experts: https://www.amazon.com/Things-Every-Engineering-Manager-Should/dp/1492050903• Avoiding the Rewrite Trap: https://skamille.medium.com/avoiding-the-rewrite-trap-b1283b8dd39e• Levelsio on X: https://x.com/levelsio• Pieter Levels on the Lex Fridman Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFtjKbXKqbg• GraphQL: https://graphql.org/• New Blue Sun by André 3000 on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/33Ek6daAL3oXyQIV1uoItD• Musk’s 5 Steps to Cut Internal Bureaucracy at Tesla and SpaceX: https://icecreates.com/insight/musk-s-5-steps-to-cut-internal-bureaucracy-at-tesla-and-spacex-you-may-say-it-s-his-algorithm/• Ian Nowland on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/inowland/• Studio Pulls ‘Megalopolis’ Trailer Using Fake Quotes from Famed Movie Critics: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/studio-pulls-megalopolis-trailer-using-fake-quotes-from-famed-movie-critics_n_66c74046e4b0f1ca469413c7• Claude 2: https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-2• What Got You Here Won’t Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful: https://www.amazon.com/What-Got-Here-Wont-There/dp/1401301304• When Things Fall Apart: Heart Advice for Difficult Times: https://www.amazon.com/When-Things-Fall-Apart-Difficult/dp/1611803438• Alien: Romulus: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18412256/• Whoop: https://www.whoop.com—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Phyl Terry is the author of Never Search Alone, which I’ve seen so many people reference as the most impactful guide they read for finding a job. Phyl was on the founding team of the first company Amazon acquired back in the ’90s and then was CEO of pioneering product consulting firm Creative Good, with companies like Apple, Facebook, and Microsoft as customers. Today, Phyl is the founder and CEO of Collaborative Gain, which 20 years ago pioneered bringing councils to senior product leaders and GMs in Silicon Valley. That’s their day job—in addition to that, Phyl runs a free global community for job seekers based on their latest book. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why you should never search for a job alone• How job search councils work• How to determine your “candidate-market fit”• How to conduct a listening tour• Creating your job mission and OKRs• How to negotiate job offers• The art of asking for help• Tactics for effective networking and interviewing• Much more—Brought to you by:• Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers• Sprig—Build products for people, not data points• Dovetail—The customer insights hub for product teams—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/land-your-dream-phyl-terry—Where to find Phyl Terry:• X: https://x.com/phylterry• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/phylterry/• Website: https://www.phyl.org/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Phyl’s background(01:58) The concept of job search councils(04:27) The power of community in job searching(08:55) The scale and structure of job search councils(12:27) The impact of job search councils(20:19) The concept of candidate-market fit(22:50) Writing a Mnookin two-pager(24:37) Conducting listening tours(30:12) Creating a focused candidate-market fit(36:20) Advice on finding the right stage of company for you(40:37) Identifying your unique path(45:30) Navigating tough job markets(49:07) Playing to win(53:36) Negotiation tactics for job offers(01:05:12) The gratitude house exercise(01:10:48) The power of asking for help(01:19:18) How to ask for help(01:28:40) Final thoughts and advice(01:38:21) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Tomer Cohen is the chief product officer at LinkedIn, responsible for setting the company’s product strategy, leading product development, user experience design, business development, content creation, and customer operations. He also hosts the Building One podcast, where he interviews exceptional builders across various disciplines. In our conversation, we discuss:• How LinkedIn transformed its feed into an engaging content and social platform• Tomer’s famous “We might be wrong, but we are not confused” mantra• The importance of conviction and passion in product leadership• LinkedIn’s approach to experimenting with and implementing AI features• Lessons from Tomer’s rapid career progression at LinkedIn• Strategies for embracing AI in product development—Brought to you by:• Gamma—A new way to present, powered by AI• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-linkedin-became-interesting-tomer-cohen—Where to find Tomer Cohen:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomercohen/• Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/building-one-with-tomer-cohen/id1726672498—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Introduction to Tomer Cohen and his role at LinkedIn(02:28) The mantra “We might be wrong, but we are not confused”(06:45) Clarity of thought and focus(13:03) Setting ambitious goals and overdelivering(16:18) Transforming LinkedIn’s feed: strategy and execution(22:03) Running experiments at scale(26:24) Goal setting and identifying opportunities (30:58) AI’s role in LinkedIn’s evolution(35:38) The AI-first mindset at LinkedIn(35:38) Developing an AI-first mindset(44:49) Letting go of your roadmaps and allowing room for exploration(49:12) Career growth and personal insights(55:01) Takeaways(56:39) Lightning round and final thoughts—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sean Ellis is one of the earliest and most influential thinkers and operators in growth. He coined the term “growth hacking,” invented the ICE prioritization framework, was one of the earliest people to use freemium as a growth lever, and, most famously, developed the Sean Ellis Test for product-market fit (which a large percentage of founders use today to track if they’ve found PMF). Over the course of his career, Sean was head of growth at Dropbox and Eventbrite; helped companies like Microsoft and Nubank refine their growth strategy; was on the founding team of LogMeIn, which sold for over $4 billion; and is the author of one of the most popular growth books of all time, Hacking Growth, which has sold over 750,000 copies. In our conversation, he shares:• The proper use of the Sean Ellis Test for measuring product-market fit• How to increase your activation and retention rates• How to select the right North Star metric for your business• Case studies from his work growing Dropbox and other products• How growth strategy has changed over the past decade• How AI is impacting growth efforts• Much more—Brought to you by:• Gamma—A new way to present, powered by AI• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-original-growth-hacker-sean-ellis—Where to find Sean Ellis:• X: https://x.com/seanellis• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/seanellis/• Website: https://www.seanellis.me/• Substack: https://substack.com/@seanellis—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Sean’s background(02:18) The Sean Ellis test explained(06:28) The 40% rule(08:06) Case study: improving product-market fit(12:34) Understanding and leveraging customer feedback(16:50) Challenges and nuances of product-market fit(22:22) When to use the Sean Ellis Test(23:46) When not to use the Sean Ellis Test and other caveats(27:13) Defining your own threshold and how the Sean Ellis Test came about(36:13) Tools for implementing the survey (37:30) Transitioning from surveys to retention cohorts(39:13) Nubank’s approach(40:18) Case study: Superhuman’s strategy for increasing product-market fit(45:18) Coining the term “growth hacking”(48:24) How to approach growth(57:25) Improving activation and onboarding(01:05:17) Identifying effective growth channels(01:10:28) The power of customer conversations(01:12:43) Developing the Dropbox referral program(01:14:47) The importance of word of mouth(01:15:23) Freemium models and engagement(01:19:21) Picking a North Star metric(01:24:30) The evolution of growth strategies(01:27:12) The ICE and RICE frameworks(01:30:11) AI’s role in growth and experimentation(01:32:52) Final thoughts and lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Vlad Loktev spent 10 years at Airbnb, where he started as an IC PM and quickly advanced to lead the core Airbnb marketplace business and then GM the entire homes business, managing over 1,000 people and reporting directly to CEO Brian Chesky. He recently left Airbnb and joined Index Ventures as their newest partner. Vlad was my manager at Airbnb for many years, and is the person I credit most for teaching me how to be a great product manager. Prior to Airbnb, Vlad spent a year at Zynga, where he helped grow Words with Friends to over 14 million daily active users. In our conversation, Vlad shares:• Insight into Brian Chesky’s leadership style• Why success as a PM is all about impact, impact, impact• Why chaos can be good• Why as a leader it’s OK to let some fires burn• Why you should learn to “poke the bear”• Balancing product release speed with quality• Lessons on prioritization, decision-making, and organizational design• Advice for founders on building company culture• Much more—Brought to you by:• Pendo—The only all-in-one product experience platform for any type of application• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/impact-impact-impact-vlad-loktev—Where to find Vlad Loktev:• X: https://x.com/vladimirloktev• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vladimirloktev/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Vlad’s background(02:54) Reflecting on transformative years at Airbnb(04:28) Skills and mindsets for success(11:03) Impact-driven mindset(13:16) Saying no and inquiry before advocacy (17:54) “Poking the bear”(22:46) Psychological tools for leadership(30:08) Building and scaling teams(36:12) Letting fires burn(47:34) Embracing chaos(54:40) The unsell email strategy(01:02:01) Finding your place in an organization(01:05:38) The importance of company culture(01:13:16) Airbnb’s unique approach to product management(01:26:41) Failure corner(01:31:32) Lightning round and final thoughts—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Nikita Bier is one of the most in-demand consumer, social, and growth experts in the world. He’s the co-founder of TBH (sold to Meta for more than $30 million) and Gas (sold to Discord for millions more) and has helped more consumer apps that have hit #1 in the app stores than any other person I’ve come across. He currently spends his time advising founders on growth, product, and design and is an investor and advisor to some of the best consumer tech companies, including Flo, Locket, Eight Sleep, Citizen, BeReal, Captions, and more. In our conversation, we discuss:• The inside story of how TBH and Gas achieved explosive growth• Strategies for building viral consumer apps• Why teens are such a great audience• Fighting the human trafficking hoax at Gas• The challenge of creating durable social products• His experience working as a PM at Facebook• Advice for founders on building consumer apps• Much more—Brought to you by:• Webflow—The web experience platform• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product—Book Nikita for 1:1 consultation/mentoring: https://intro.co/NikitaBier—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-consistently-go-viral-nikita-bier—Where to find Nikita Bier:• X: https://x.com/nikitabier • Threads: https://www.threads.net/@nikitabier• Website: https://intro.co/NikitaBier—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nikita’s background (06:08) Nikita’s early ventures: Politify and Outline(08:42) Transition to consumer apps(13:45) The birth of TBH(16:43) Building for teens vs. adults(20:00) TBH’s viral success(32:18) Leveraging live chat(34:08) Lasting lessons from TBH(37:00) Selling TBH to Facebook(42:19) Big-tech product management(48:46) Nikita on why “product management is not real”(51:49) The Tim Cook painting story(53:53) Leaving Facebook and starting a new venture(58:02) Rebuilding TBH and overcoming challenges(59:46) Addressing criticism(01:04:24) The human trafficking hoax(01:09:51) Selling to Discord and lessons learned(01:11:36) Lasting lessons from Gas(01:13:14) Building durable consumer apps(01:22:35) The VC route(01:23:27) Contact permissions in iOS 18(01:26:53) The success of Dupe(01:31:53) Advice for startup founders(01:34:14) Work with Nikita—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Deb Liu is the CEO of Ancestry and former longtime VP of Product at Facebook. At Facebook, Deb led the creation of Facebook Marketplace, developed the first mobile ad product for apps, built the company’s games business, and launched Facebook Pay. She’s also held leadership roles at PayPal and eBay, serves on the board of Intuit, and is the author of Take Back Your Power. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why you should PM your career like you PM your product• Strategies for incubating new products within large companies• Creating a successful 30-60-90-day plan when starting a new job• The pitfalls of perfectionism• The challenges introverts face in the workplace and how to overcome them• The value of resilience and turning failures into stepping stones• How to leverage coaching in your career development—Brought to you by:• Pendo—The only all-in-one product experience platform for any type of application• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Webflow—The web experience platform—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/succeeding-as-an-introvert-deb-liu—Where to find Deb Liu:• Threads: https://www.threads.net/@debliu• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/deborahliu• Substack: https://debliu.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Introduction to Deb Liu(02:18) Deb’s career journey and key advice(09:45) Navigating new roles and challenges(11:27) Overcoming adversity and failure(15:07) Building billion-dollar businesses at Facebook(19:33) Strategies for zero-to-one innovation(23:40) PM your career like a product(33:53) Challenges and strategies for introverts in business(39:19) Reframing self-promotion(42:25) The power of accountability(46:15) Growth: a game of inches(50:52) The 30-60-90-day plan(56:52) Contrarian corner: career and marriage(58:57) Final nuggets of wisdom(01:03:09) How to find a coach(01:04:47) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kevin Yien leads product for merchant experiences at Stripe. Before that, he meandered his way from being a technical designer to a product manager, built the restaurants business and ecosystem team at Square, and most recently was head of product and design at Mutiny. He also makes ice cream and teaches for fun. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why aspiring PMs should start in engineering, design, or sales• The importance of writing skills, and how to become a better writer• How to automate user research• Kevin’s “unsell email” technique for hiring• The value of keeping a decision log• Insights on AI and its impact on future generations• Lessons from failure—Brought to you by:• BuildBetter—AI for product teams• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the transcript and show notes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/unorthodox-pm-wisdom-kevin-yien—Where to find Kevin Yien:• X: https://x.com/kevinyien• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinyien/• Website: https://kevinyien.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kevin’s background (02:00) The story behind Kevin’s profile picture(08:41) The role of a product manager(10:48) Getting started in product management(12:47) The importance of writing skills(15:06) Becoming a better writer(19:10) The PM’s role with engineering and design(28:41) Drawing the perimeter for your team(31:37) Feedback tips(35:13) Decision logs and product sense(45:36) Unorthodox hiring strategies(47:01) The unsell email strategy(54:01) Automating user research(01:02:27) AI in everyday life(01:06:05) Lessons from failure(01:14:34) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Evan LaPointe is the founder of CORE Sciences, which teaches companies and individuals how our brains work and how that translates to improved collaboration, better products, faster decision-making, and more growth. Previously, Evan was the co-founder of Satellite, the fourth-largest analytics product on the internet today (it mostly runs behind the scenes, and pretty much everyone listening will have used it today without knowing it), which was acquired by Adobe, where he later ran product strategy, innovation, and long-range thinking for Adobe’s digital experiences business. In our conversation, we discuss:• The three different systems of the brain• How knowing this can help you become more influential• How understanding different brain states will help you increase productivity and creativity• How to improve your vision and strategy skills• How to design a work environment that fosters innovation• How to build better relationships at work• Much more—Use discount code “LENNY” for $5 off the CORE Sciences personality profile: https://www.core-sciences.com/new-core-identity—Brought to you by:• Webflow—The web experience platform• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/understanding-your-brain-evan-lapointe—Where to find Evan LaPointe:• X: https://x.com/evanlapointe• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/evanlapointe/• Website: https://www.core-sciences.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Evan’s background(02:37) Understanding the brain’s complex systems(07:17) The three core brain systems: safety, reward, and purpose(11:03) Applying brain science to team dynamics(14:27) The role of personality in team performance(17:27) Creating effective work environments(23:16) The science of meetings and decision-making(29:35) Enhancing strategy and vision(54:46) Understanding personality traits in strategy and vision(58:58) Tactical tips for increasing openness(01:05:46) Building influence and effective relationships(01:21:17) The importance of trust and appeal in relationships(01:36:47) Creating a positive organizational habitat(01:50:35) Enhancing focus and productivity(02:00:58) Practical tips for deep work and gamma time(02:07:11) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Joe Hudson is one of the most sought-after executive coaches in Silicon Valley. He is the founder of Art of Accomplishment, a transformational coaching program that has helped tens of thousands of people, including many tech executives and founders from companies like Apple, OpenAI, and Google. His unique method of transformation comes from over 25 years of exploring neurological, psychological, and spiritual traditions, tested against real-world challenges. In our conversation, Joe shares:• Why the critical voice in your head is always wrong, and how to change your relationship with that voice• Why authenticity trumps self-improvement• The importance of embracing all of your emotions• How to create more enjoyable and effective meetings• The power of gratitude in transforming your life• Practical experiments for personal growth• Much more—Apply for Joe’s Connection Course:Thousands of students have taken Joe’s most popular experience, the Connection Course. Unlike most online courses, there is no reading, lectures, or written homework. It is a three-week experiential deep dive where you will apply your learnings to real-life problems—how to make your team more productive, communicate more effectively, and resolve conflicts with ease. Apply here and use the code LENNY for $300 off your enrollment: view.life/lenny.—Brought to you by:• BuildBetter—AI for product teams• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/embracing-your-emotions-joe-hudson—Where to find Joe Hudson:• X: https://x.com/FU_joehudson• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joe-hudson/• Website: https://www.artofaccomplishment.com/• Podcast: https://www.artofaccomplishment.com/podcast• Linktree: https://linktr.ee/theartofaccomplishment—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Joe’s background(02:31) The critical voice in your head(06:39) Changing your relationship with the critical voice(13:19) Understanding and embracing emotions(19:52) The importance of emotional fluidity(24:40) Questioning assumptions and self-perception(30:25) The consequences of avoiding emotions(36:57) Experimenting with self-improvement(39:42) Understanding efficiency and enjoyment(43:17) The power of enjoyment in daily tasks(45:03) Innate enjoyment vs. learned enjoyment(46:31) Authenticity vs. self-improvement(50:01) Embracing emotional experiences(55:49) How understanding your emotions helps you make better decisions(01:02:53) Creating effective teams and meetings(01:10:40) Gratitude practice for personal growth(01:15:36) Conclusion and final thoughts—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brian Tolkin is the Head of Product at Opendoor. Previously, he was one of the early employees at Uber, where he was instrumental in launching and growing UberPool, UberHop, and UberExpress and started one of the first product operations teams in tech. In our conversation, we dive into:• How to enable product and ops to work well together• How to run great product reviews• How to make good decisions with limited data• How he uses the jobs-to-be-done framework at Opendoor• How to stay calm under pressure as a leader• Wild stories from his time at Uber• Challenges faced at Opendoor during the pandemic• Much more—Brought to you by:• Pendo—The only all-in-one product experience platform for any type of application• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product• Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/scaling-uber-and-opendoor-brian-tolkin—Where to find Brian Tolkin:• X: https://x.com/briantolkin• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/briantolkin/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Brian’s background(02:14) Career beginnings at Uber(02:49) Transitioning from product operations to product management(06:47) Product and operations synergy(10:00) Surge pricing at Uber(12:18) Scaling challenges, and stories(15:47) Opendoor and Covid adaptations(25:38) Product reviews and Jobs to Be Done(40:30) The challenges of A/B testing(42:23) Increasing conviction in solutions(44:33) Leveraging intuition in product decisions(47:07) Partnering with Zillow(52:55) Staying calm under pressure(56:25) Finding the “kernel of truth” in product management(01:00:21) Failure corner: Early days of Uber Pool(01:06:11) Lightning round and final thoughts—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Timothy Davis has led performance marketing for all of Shopify for the past 2.5 years, and as a consultant has helped companies like Pinterest, LinkedIn, Redfin, and Eventbrite kickstart and scale their performance marketing teams. In every one of those cases, he got them so performant at paid growth that they significantly scale spend and investment in these channels. In our conversation, we cover:• When and how to start investing in performance marketing• Common mistakes companies make with paid ads• How to build and structure a performance marketing team• How to get your creatives performing better• Strategies for optimizing workflows and team efficiency• How AI will change performance marketing• Much more—Brought to you by:• BuildBetter—AI for product teams• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/performance-marketing-timothy-davis—Where to find Timothy Davis:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/timothypatrickdavis/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Timothy’s background (02:31) Understanding performance marketing (06:31) The importance of paid search (08:39) Identifying growth potential (09:54) Case studies: Hairstory and Ipsy (12:22) Experimenting with new platforms (18:57) Choosing the right platforms (20:23) LinkedIn for B2B marketing (27:56) When to start investing in paid growth (33:33) Common mistakes in performance marketing (37:41) Working with agencies and consultants (40:36) Hiring for performance marketing (47:33) Metrics that matter (54:43) Competitor analysis and CPC insights (56:15) Custom reports and data visualization(56:38) Understanding impression and click share (59:10) True competition metrics (01:02:14) Attribution and incrementality (01:08:52) Building a performance marketing team (01:10:53) Creative and ad copy collaboration (01:15:48) Managing workload and hiring strategy (01:20:52) Training and onboarding new hires (01:24:41) Impact of ATT on performance marketing (01:25:56) The power of creative in ads (01:29:47) Using AI in performance marketing (01:37:16) Lightning round —Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Roger Martin is one of the world’s leading experts on strategy and the author of Playing to Win, one of the most beloved books on strategy. He’s written extensively for the Harvard Business Review; consulted for dozens of Fortune 500 companies, including P&G, Lego, and Ford; and written 11 other books. In our conversation, we discuss:• The five key questions you need to answer to develop an effective strategy• Why most companies get strategy wrong• How to avoid “playing to play” instead of playing to win• Real-world strategy examples from Procter & Gamble, Southwest Airlines, Lego, and Figma• How to think about differentiation vs. low cost• Shortcomings of current strategy education• Much more—Correction: Roger pointed out that he made an error during our chat. When I asked him about Richard Rumelt (~16 mins), he thought I said Richard D'Aveni.—Brought to you by:• Webflow—The web experience platform• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Cycle—Your feedback hub, on autopilot—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-strategy-roger-martin—Where to find Roger Martin:• X: https://x.com/RogerLMartin• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/roger-martin-9916911a9/• Website: https://rogerlmartin.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Roger’s background(02:20) The importance of strategy(07:00) Challenges in developing strategy(08:30) Critique of modern strategy education(14:00) Hamilton Helmer and Richard Rumelt(17:40) Defining strategy(19:12) The Strategy Choice Cascade(23:20) Playing to win vs. playing to play(24:57) Examples of strategic success(30:49) Differentiation and moats(40:23) Applying strategy to real-world scenarios(43:47) Customer-centric strategy(44:45) Defining the market and product(45:59) Value chain and distribution(48:28) Cost leadership vs. differentiation(53:16) Capabilities and management systems(57:14) Competitive advantage and market positioning(01:02:41) Counterpositioning and fault lines(01:05:53) Adapting to AI and market changes(01:14:11) Betterment over perfection(01:18:42) Final thoughts on strategy—Referenced:• Nearly 10% of S&P 500 CEOs are alumni of Procter & Gamble: https://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2023/02/06/10-of-s-p-500-ceos-pg.html• FigJam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• What Is Resource-Based Theory?: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/the-impact-of-technological-governance-and-political-capabilities-on-firms-performances-under-economic-turbulence/67915• Michael Porter on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/professorporter/• Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors: https://www.amazon.com/Competitive-Strategy-Techniques-Industries-Competitors/dp/0684841487• VRIO Framework Explained: https://strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/vrio/• Business strategy with Hamilton Helmer (author of 7 Powers): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/business-strategy-with-hamilton-helmer• Good Strategy, Bad Strategy | Richard Rumelt: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/good-strategy-bad-strategy-richard• 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/7-Powers-Foundations-Business-Strategy/dp/0998116319• Boston Consulting Group: https://www.bcg.com/• Bruce Henderson: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Henderson• Lego: https://www.lego.com• Vanguard: https://investor.vanguard.com/• Southwest Airlines: https://www.southwest.com/• How Amazon Managed to Dethrone Walmart: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/08/20/technology/how-amazon-beat-walmart.html• GM Lost a 10-Year Battle with Tesla, Pulling the Plug on a Long Line of EVs: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brookecrothers/2023/07/09/gm-killed-its-electric-cars-and-lost-a-10-year-battle-with-tesla/• Westlaw: https://www.westlawinternational.com/• What Is an Economic Moat? Why Warren Buffett Says It Matters for Investors: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/economic-moat-why-warren-buffett-160046125.html• Salomon Brothers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Brothers• US Airways: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways• Four Seasons: https://www.fourseasons.com/• Michael Dell on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mdell/• Bill Gates on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamhgates/• Mandarin Oriental: https://www.mandarinoriental.com/en/• Continental Lite: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Lite• Ted (airline): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_(airline)• Case Study: Oil of Olay: https://www.studocu.com/es/document/universidad-de-murcia/estrategia-de-marketing/case-study-old-of-olay/95079369• AG Lafley on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ag-lafley-2381b3201/• Jack Bogle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Bogle• Seven Ways Windows 95 Changed the World: https://www.forbes.com/sites/ianmorris/2015/08/24/windows-95-changed-the-world/• Where to Start with Strategy? Focus on Betterment: https://rogermartin.medium.com/where-to-start-with-strategy-bae40506304c• Brick by brick: The man who rebuilt the house of Lego shares his leadership secrets: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2016/12/08/brick-by-brick-the-man-who-rebuilt-the-house-of-lego-shares-his-leadership-secrets/• A New Way to Think: Your Guide to Superior Management Effectiveness: https://www.amazon.com/New-Way-Think-Management-Effectiveness/dp/164782351X/• Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works: https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Win-Strategy-Really-Works/dp/142218739X• The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage: https://www.amazon.com/Design-Business-Thinking-Competitive-Advantage/dp/1422177807• The Opposable Mind: How Successful Leaders Win Through Integrative Thinking: https://www.amazon.com/Opposable-Mind-Successful-Integrative-Thinking/dp/1422118924• When More Is Not Better: Overcoming America’s Obsession with Economic Efficiency: https://www.amazon.com/When-More-Not-Better-Overcoming/dp/1647820065—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Rory Sutherland is widely regarded as one of the most influential (and most entertaining) thinkers in marketing and behavioral science. He’s the vice chairman of Ogilvy UK, the author of Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life, and the founder of Nudgestock, the world’s biggest festival of behavioral science and creativity. He champions thinking from first principles and using human psychology—what he calls “thinking psycho-logically”—over mere logic. In our conversation, we cover:• Why good products don’t always succeed, and bad ones don’t necessarily fail• Why less functionality can sometimes be more valuable• The importance of fame in building successful brands• The importance of timing in product success• The concept of “most advanced, yet acceptable”• Why metrics-driven workplaces can be demotivating• Lots of real-world case studies• Much moreNote: We encountered some technical difficulties that led to less than ideal video quality for this episode, but the lessons from this conversation made it impossible for me to not publish it anyway. Thanks for your understanding and for bearing with the less-than-ideal video quality. —Brought to you by:• Pendo—The only all-in-one product experience platform for any type of application• Cycle—Your feedback hub, on autopilot• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/what-most-people-miss-about-marketing—Where to find Rory Sutherland:• X: https://x.com/rorysutherland• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rorysutherland• Book: Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life: https://www.amazon.com/Alchemy-Curious-Science-Creating-Business/dp/006238841X—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Rory’s background(02:37) The success and failure of products(04:08) Why the urge to appear serious can be a disaster in marketing(08:05) The role of distinctiveness in product design(12:29) The MAYA principle(15:50) How thinking irrationally can be advantageous(17:40) The fault of multiple-choice tests(21:31) Companies that have successfully implemented out-of-the-box thinking(30:31) “Psycho-logical” thinking(31:45) The hare and the dog metaphor(38:51) Marketing’s crucial role in product adoption(49:21) The quirks of Google Glass(55:44) Survivorship bias(56:09) Balancing rational ideas with irrational ideas(01:06:19) The rise and fall of tech innovations(01:09:54) Consistency, distinctiveness, and clarity(01:21:12) Considering psychological, technological, and economic factors in parallel(01:23:35) Where to find Rory—Referenced:• Google Glass: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Glass• Meta Portal TV: https://www.meta.com/portal/products/portal-tv/• Rory’s quote in a LinkedIn post: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/brad-jackson-04766642_the-urge-to-appear-serious-is-a-disaster-activity-7093497742710210560-1LYN/• The MAYA Principle: Design for the Future, but Balance It with Your Users’ Present: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/design-for-the-future-but-balance-it-with-your-users-present• Ogilvy: https://www.ogilvy.com/• MCI: https://www.mci.world/• Veuve Clicquot: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veuve_Clicquot• Why do the French call the British ‘the roast beefs’?: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2913151.stm• The Killing on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-killing-f5da5c2d-4626-4ba9-bcf3-ff5f891771fb• Original The Killing on BBC: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b017h7m1• The Mandarin Oriental, Hong Kong: https://www.mandarinoriental.com/en/hong-kong/victoria-harbour• SAT: https://satsuite.collegeboard.org/sat• The Widening Racial Scoring Gap on the SAT College Admissions Test: https://www.jbhe.com/features/49_college_admissions-test.html• What is the age of the captain?: https://www.icopilots.com/what-is-the-age-of-the-captain/• Octopus Energy: https://octopus.energy/• Kraken: https://octopusenergy.group/kraken-technologies• Toby Shannan: https://theorg.com/org/shopify/org-chart/toby-shannan• Dunbar’s number: Why we can only maintain 150 relationships: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191001-dunbars-number-why-we-can-only-maintain-150-relationships• AO: https://ao.com/• Zappos: https://www.zappos.com/• Joe Cano on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joeycano/• John Ralston Saul’s website: https://www.johnralstonsaul.com/• Voltaire’s Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason in the West: https://www.amazon.com/Voltaires-Bastards-Dictatorship-Reason-West/dp/0679748199• Psycho-Logic: Why Too Much Logic Deters Magic: https://coffeeandjunk.com/psycho-logic/• Herbert Simon’s Decision-Making Approach: https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/4995/1/Fulltext.pdf• Robert Trivers’s website: https://roberttrivers.com/Welcome.html• Crazy Ivan: https://jollycontrarian.com/index.php?title=Crazy_Ivan• The Joys of Being a Late Tech Adopter: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/28/technology/personaltech/joys-late-tech-adopter.html• Jean-Claude Van Damme: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Claude_Van_Damme• Tim Berners-Lee: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee• Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1200696/• The real story behind penicillin: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/the-real-story-behind-the-worlds-first-antibiotic• What Are Japanese Toilets?: https://www.bigbathroomshop.co.uk/info/blog/japanese-toilets/• reMarkable: https://remarkable.com/• Chumby: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumby• Survivorship bias: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivorship_bias• Jony Ive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jony_Ive• Marc Newson’s website: https://marc-newson.com/• Designing Men: https://www.vanityfair.com/news/business/2013/11/jony-ive-marc-newson-design-auction• Qantas A330: https://marc-newson.com/qantas-a330/• Herodotus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus• Big Decision? Consider It Both Drunk and Sober: https://www.forbes.com/sites/chunkamui/2016/03/22/wine-and-sleep-make-for-better-decisions/?sh=5c97fdc524b1• How Henry Ford and Thomas Edison killed the electric car: https://www.speakev.com/threads/how-henry-ford-and-thomas-edison-killed-the-electric-car.4270/• Watch Jay Leno get nostalgic and swoon over this 1909 EV: https://thenextweb.com/news/jay-leno-talk-about-electric-car-1909-baker• Jay Leno’s Garage: https://www.youtube.com/@jaylenosgarage• Nudgestock: https://nudgestock.com/• Akio Morita: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akio_Morita• Don Norman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/donnorman/• What Makes Tesla’s Business Model Different: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active-trading/072115/what-makes-teslas-business-model-different.asp• Monica Lewinsky on X: https://x.com/MonicaLewinsky• Blindsight: The (Mostly) Hidden Ways Marketing Reshapes Our Brains: azon.com/Blindsight-Mostly-Hidden-Marketing-Reshapes-ebook/dp/B07ZKZ5DWF• Branding That Means Business: https://www.amazon.com/Branding-that-Means-Business-Economist-ebook/dp/B09QBCCH9N• PwC: https://www.pwc.com• Ryanair: https://www.ryanair.com• British Airways: https://www.britishairways.com/• Wrigley’s began as a soap business: know when to pivot: https://theamericangenius.com/entrepreneur/wrigleys-began-as-soap-know-when-to-pivot/• Transport for Humans: https://www.amazon.com/Transport-Humans-Perspectives-Pete-Dyson/dp/1913019357—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jessica Lachs is the global head of analytics and data science at DoorDash, where she’s built one of the largest and most respected data organizations in tech. In her more than 10 years at DoorDash, she has served as the first general manager, responsible for launching new markets; the head of business ops and analytics; and the VP of analytics and data science. Previously, Jessica founded GiftSimple, a social gifting startup, and started her career at Lehman Brothers as an investment banking analyst. In our conversation, she shares:• How to structure and scale a high-impact analytics organization• Centralized vs. decentralized data teams• How to pick the right metric and aligning incentives• Advice for data people on how and when to push back• Lessons learned from building a global data team• How to foster a culture of extreme ownership• The role of AI in improving analytics team productivity• Advice for aspiring data leaders without formal training—Brought to you by:• Webflow—The web experience platform• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents• Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-a-world-class-data-org-jessica-lachs—Where to find Jessica Lachs:• X: https://x.com/jesslachs• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessica-lachs/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jessica’s background(04:59) Centralized vs. embedded analytics teams(10:52) The benefits of a centralized analytics team(15:10) Balancing proactive and reactive work(20:45) Advice on how to push back effectively(24:20) Hiring for curiosity and problem solving(28:57) Coming from a non-traditional background(34:40) The early days and culture at DoorDash(40:39) Encouraging cross-functional roles(44:39) Defining effective metrics(46:30) Simplifying metrics for better outcomes(55:28) Focusing on edge cases and fail states(01:00:12) Managing a global data organization(01:02:31) Leveraging AI for productivity(01:05:25) Building diverse and skilled data teams(01:08:40) Lightning round—Referenced:• How Netflix builds a culture of excellence | Elizabeth Stone (CTO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-netflix-builds-a-culture-of-excellence• Riley Newman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rileynewman/• Tony Xu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/xutony/• Imposter Syndrome: Why You May Feel Like a Fraud: https://www.verywellmind.com/imposter-syndrome-and-social-anxiety-disorder-4156469• Stanley Tang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stanleytang/• Andy Fang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fangsterr/• Evan Moore on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/evanmoore/• How WeDash became the flagship employee program for DoorDash: https://careers.doordash.com/blog/wedash-doordash-employee-program-how-does-it-work• Leading with empathy | Keith Yandell (DoorDash, Uber): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/leading-with-empathy-keith-yandell• The Rose Code: https://www.amazon.com/Rose-Code-Novel-Kate-Quinn/dp/006305941X• Libby app: https://libbyapp.com/• The West Wing on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/West-Wing-Complete-First-Season/dp/B000KZPG04• Alias on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Alias-Season-1/dp/B00748O13S• Joseon sunscreens: https://beautyofjoseon.com/• Innisfree sunscreens: https://us.innisfree.com/• John Steinbeck quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/john_steinbeck_103825• Vanessa Roberts on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vanessa-roberts-b8a509a/• Tia Sherringham on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiasherringham/• Elizabeth Jarvis-Shean on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabeth-jarvis-shean-141a7966/• Regina (Gina) Tarone on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/regina-tarone-a565a2/overlay/about-this-profile/• My Journey (Part 1): I have a job that I would never be hired for: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jessica-lachs_anniversary-datascience-finance-activity-7216912300056727553-mEv6/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop• Starting an Analytics Org From Scratch — Lessons From a Decade at DoorDash: https://review.firstround.com/starting-an-analytics-org-from-scratch-lessons-from-a-decade-at-doordash/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jeff Weinstein is a product lead at Stripe, where he helped grow their payment APIs to hundreds of billions in volume and transformed the way founders start companies into a few simple clicks with Atlas. Prior to Stripe, Jeff led several startups and sold companies to Groupon and Box. He’s known for his customer obsession, craft, quality, and building beloved products businesses rely on. In our conversation, we discuss:• The power of customer obsession and how to operationalize it in the product development process• How to pick the right metrics and use them to drive impact• Techniques for getting things done at big companies• A group practice Jeff started to uplevel product craft, called Study Group• The story behind Stripe Atlas and its mission to increase entrepreneurship globally• Lessons from working with the founders of Stripe—Brought to you by:• Pendo—The only all-in-one product experience platform for any type of application• Cycle—Your feedback hub, on autopilot• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/creating-a-culture-of-excellence—Where to find Jeff Weinstein:• X: https://x.com/jeff_weinstein• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffwweinstein/• Email: jweinstein@gmail.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jeff’s background (10:16)  The “go, go, go ASAP + optimistic, long-term compounding” approach(15:38) The importance of craft and quality(24:15) Effective customer communication strategies(28:57) The importance of speed in customer interactions (33:19) Narrowing your focus(36:53) Why you should pay attention only to paying-customer feedback(40:24) Practicing silence when communicating (45:33) The role of metrics in product success(54:08) Empowering teams with a single metric(58:23) Picking the right metric for your audience(01:05:10) The importance of metric hygiene(01:11:33) How Stripe uses “study groups” for product improvement(01:37:20) Stripe’s Atlas: simplifying company formation(01:50:38) Automation and operational efficiency(01:55:13) Diversity and team building(02:03:09) Building new products within a large company(02:21:10) Lightning round—Referenced:• Atlas: https://stripe.com/atlas• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• SQL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL• GitHub: https://github.com/• Linear: https://linear.app/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Jeff’s tweet about Stripe’s bug-finder program: https://x.com/jeff_weinstein/status/1777487507934040300• The “Collison installation”: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18400504• How we use friction logs to improve products at Stripe: https://dev.to/stripe/how-we-use-friction-logs-to-improve-products-at-stripe-i6p• Fidelity: https://www.fidelity.com/• 83(b) election: https://docs.stripe.com/atlas/83b-election• Jeff’s tweet about Atlas’s NPS score: https://x.com/jeff_weinstein/status/1788644576330469638• What is a Delaware corporation? Here’s what makes this state so attractive to businesses: https://stripe.com/resources/more/what-is-a-delaware-corporation• Incorporating in Delaware explained: Why it’s such a popular option for businesses: https://stripe.com/resources/more/incorporating-in-delaware-explained• 7 of Pixar’s Best Storyboard Examples and the Stories Behind Them: https://boords.com/blog/7-of-pixars-best-storyboard-examples-and-the-stories-behind-them• Alex Kehayias on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexkehayias/• Patrick McKenzie on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickmckenzie/• AngelList: https://www.angellist.com/• Dan Hightower on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danhighto/• Stripe Atlas perks partners: https://support.stripe.com/questions/stripe-atlas-perks-partners• Vision, conviction, and hype: How to build 0 to 1 inside a company | Mihika Kapoor (Product at Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor• High Output Management: https://www.amazon.com/High-Output-Management-Andrew-Grove/dp/0679762884• Orbiting the Giant Hairball: A Corporate Fool’s Guide to Surviving with Grace: https://www.amazon.com/Orbiting-Giant-Hairball-Corporate-Surviving/dp/0670879835• 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/7-Powers-Foundations-Business-Strategy/dp/0998116319• Business strategy with Hamilton Helmer (author of 7 Powers): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/business-strategy-with-hamilton-helmer• Box: https://www.box.com/• Patrick Collison on X: https://x.com/patrickc• How to with John Wilson on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/how-to-with-john-wilson• The Quiet Girl on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/the-quiet-girl-b50a4b8e-d3ff-4635-b806-5e7dbd292ca4• Raycast: https://www.raycast.com/• Quicksilver: https://qsapp.com/• Alfred: https://www.alfredapp.com/help/workflows/automations/• CleanShot: https://cleanshot.com/• John Collison on X: https://x.com/collision—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Mike Maples, Jr. is a legendary early-stage startup investor and a co-founder and partner at Floodgate. He’s made early bets on transformative companies like Twitter, Lyft, Twitch, Okta, Rappi, and Applied Intuition and is one of the pioneers of seed-stage investing as a category. He’s been on the Forbes Midas List eight times and enjoys sharing the lessons he’s learned from his years studying iconic companies. In his new book, Pattern Breakers: Why Some Start-Ups Change the Future, co-authored with Peter Ziebelman, he discusses what he’s found separates startups and founders that break through and change the world from those that don’t. After spending years reviewing the notes and decks from the thousands of startups he’s known over the past two decades, he’s uncovered three ways that breakthrough founders think and act differently. In our conversation, Mike talks about:• The three elements of breakthrough startup ideas• Why you need to both think and act differently• How to avoid the “comparison trap” and “conformity trap”• The importance of movements, storytelling, and healthy disagreeableness in startup success• How to apply pattern-breaking principles within large companies• Mike’s one piece of advice for founders• Much morePre-order Mike’s book here and get a second signed copy for free. Limited copies are available, so order ASAP: patternbreakers.com/lenny.—Brought to you by:• Enterpret—Transform customer feedback into product growth• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents• Webflow—The web experience platform—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-find-a-great-startup-idea-mike-maples-jr—Where to find Mike Maples, Jr.:• X: https://x.com/m2jr• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maples/• Substack: https://greatness.substack.com/• Website: https://www.floodgate.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Mike’s background(03:10) The inspiration behind Pattern Breakers(08:09) Uncovering startup insights(11:37) A quick summary of Pattern Breakers(13:52) Coming up with an idea(15:30) Inflections(17:09) Examples of inflections(28:10) Insights(36:58) The power of surprises(47:36) Founder-future fit(55:33) Advice for aspiring founders(56:41) Living in the future: valid opinions(55:34) Case study: Maddie Hall and Living Carbon(58:40) Identifying lighthouse customers(01:00:53) The importance of desperation in customer needs(01:03:57) Creating movements and storytelling(01:24:22) The role of disagreeableness in startups(01:34:42) Applying these principles within a company(01:40:43) Lightning round—Referenced:• Pattern Breakers: Why Some Start-Ups Change the Future: https://www.amazon.com/Pattern-Breakers-Start-Ups-Change-Future/dp/1541704355• Justin.tv: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin.tv• Airbnb’s CEO says a $40 cereal box changed the course of the multibillion-dollar company: https://fortune.com/2023/04/19/airbnb-ceo-cereal-box-investors-changed-everything-billion-dollar-company/• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/brian-cheskys-contrarian-approach• The Unconventional Exit: How Justin Kan Sold His First Startup on eBay: https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/the-unconventional-exit-how-justin-kan-sold-his-first-startup-on-ebay-4d705afe1354• Kyle Vogt on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kylevogt/• The State of Telehealth Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9035352/• The Craigslist Killers: https://www.gq.com/story/craigslist-killers• The social radar: Y Combinator’s secret weapon | Jessica Livingston (co-founder of Y Combinator, author, podcast host): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-social-radar-jessica-livingston• Michael Seibel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mwseibel/• The Airbnb Story: How Three Ordinary Guys Disrupted an Industry, Made Billions ... and Created Plenty of Controversy: https://www.amazon.com/Airbnb-Story-Ordinary-Disrupted-Controversy/dp/0544952669• Scott Cook: https://www.forbes.com/profile/scott-cook/• Chegg: https://www.chegg.com/• Aayush Phumbhra on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aayush/• Osman Rashid on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/osmanrashid/• Okta: https://www.okta.com/• The Man Who Makes the Future: Wired Icon Marc Andreessen: https://www.wired.com/2012/04/ff-andreessen/• Peter Ludwig on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterwludwig/• Qasar Younis on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/qasar/• Paul Allen’s website: https://paulallen.com/• Louis Pasteur quote: https://www.forbes.com/quotes/6145/• What was Atrium and why did it fail? https://www.failory.com/cemetery/atrium• Patrick Collison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickcollison/• Drew Houston on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drewhouston/• William Gibson’s quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/681-the-future-is-already-here-it-s-just-not-evenly• Maddie Hall on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maddie-hall-76293135/• Living Carbon: https://www.livingcarbon.com• Zenefits (now Trinet): https://connect.trinet.com/• Sam Altman on X: https://x.com/sama• Steve Wozniak on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wozniaksteve/• Horsley Bridge Partners: https://www.horsleybridge.com/• David Swensen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_F._Swensen• Judith Elsea on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/judithelsea/• 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/7-Powers-Foundations-Business-Strategy/dp/0998116319• Business strategy with Hamilton Helmer (author of 7 Powers): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/business-strategy-with-hamilton-helmer• Lyft’s Focus on Community and the Story Behind the Pink Mustache: https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/17/lyfts-focus-on-community-and-the-story-behind-the-pink-mustache/• Logan Green on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/logangreen/• John Zimmer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnzimmer11/• Storytelling with Nancy Duarte: How to craft compelling presentations and tell a story that sticks: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/storytelling-with-nancy-duarte-how• Steve Jobs Introducing the iPhone at MacWorld 2007: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7qPAY9JqE4• Jonathan Livingston Seagull: https://www.amazon.com/Jonathan-Livingston-Seagull-Richard-Bach/dp/0743278909• The paths to power: How to grow your influence and advance your career | Jeffrey Pfeffer (author of 7 Rules of Power, professor at Stanford GSB): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-paths-to-power-jeffrey-pfeffer• Robin Roberts on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robin-roberts-393a934b/• Skunkworks: https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/who-we-are/business-areas/aeronautics/skunkworks.html• Vision, conviction, and hype: How to build 0 to 1 inside a company | Mihika Kapoor (Product at Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor• Hard-won lessons building 0 to 1 inside Atlassian | Tanguy Crusson (Head of Jira Product Discovery): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-0-to-1-inside-atlassian-tanguy-crusson• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Vinod Khosla: https://www.khoslaventures.com/team/vinod-khosla/• Top Five Regrets of the Dying: A Life Transformed by the Dearly Departing: https://www.amazon.com/Top-Five-Regrets-Dying-Transformed-ebook/dp/B07KNRLY1L• Chase, Chance, and Creativity: The Lucky Art of Novelty: https://www.amazon.com/Chase-Chance-Creativity-Lucky-Novelty/dp/0262511355• Clay Christensen’s books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Clayton-M.-Christensen/author/B000APPD3Y• Resonate: Present Visual Stories That Transform: https://www.amazon.com/Resonate-Present-Stories-Transform-Audiences/dp/0470632011• Ferrari on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Ferrari-Adam-Driver/dp/B0CNDBN672• Montblanc fountain pens: https://www.montblanc.com/en-us—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Dylan Field is the co-founder and CEO of Figma, the collaborative design platform that has revolutionized how product teams work. In my first-ever live podcast, recorded at Figma Config, Dylan and I dig into:• How intuition and product taste drive Dylan’s decision-making• The challenge of keeping things simple• Dylan’s thoughts on the future of product management• Lessons from Figma’s early days• How Figma built their initial user base• Dylan’s journey from intern to CEO of a 1,000+-person company• The future of design tools and AI—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents• User Testing—Human understanding. Human experiences.—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/dylan-field-live-at-config—Where to find Dylan Field:• X: https://x.com/zoink?lang=en• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanfield/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Introduction(01:11) Welcoming Dylan Field(02:36) Highlights and surprises from Config(06:58) The philosophy of design(08:01) Raccoon feet and muffin hands(09:57) Building and refining intuition and product taste(12:50) How to influence leadership(16:14) The role of product managers(21:12) The future of product management(22:20) The importance of simplicity in design(26:10) The long road to Figma’s launch(27:44) Advice for aspiring entrepreneurs(29:07) Knowing when it’s time to ship(30:39) Early user acquisition strategies(35:50) Spotting trends and future innovations(39:20) Reflections on leadership and growth(43:16) Lightning round—Referenced:• Mihika Kapoor on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mihikakapoor/• Rick Rubin on the Creative Act—60 Minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE1teB5bN-w• Figma pages: https://help.figma.com/hc/en-us/articles/360038511293-Create-and-manage-pages• Leading through uncertainty: A design-led company—Brian Chesky (Config 2023): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dkfijg7s76o• An inside look at how Figma builds product | Yuhki Yamashita (CPO of Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-how-figma-builds• Vision, conviction, and hype: How to build 0 to 1 inside a company | Mihika Kapoor (Product at Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor• An inside look at Figma’s unique GTM motion | Claire Butler (first GTM hire): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-figmas-unique-bottom• Zigging vs. zagging: How HubSpot built a $30B company | Dharmesh Shah (co-founder/CTO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-30-years-of-building• Nadia Singer on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nadiasinger/ • Sho Kuwamoto on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shokuwamoto/• FigJam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• Tim Van Damme on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-van-damme-maxvoltar/• Coda: https://coda.io/• Shishir Mehrotra on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shishirmehrotra/• Websim: https://websim.ai/• eToys.com commercial (from Dylan’s childhood acting career): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3Y92aCmmbU—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jessica Livingston is a co-founder of Y Combinator, the first and most successful startup accelerator. Y Combinator has funded over 5,000 companies, 200 of which are now unicorns, including Airbnb, Dropbox, DoorDash, Stripe, Coinbase, and Reddit. Jessica played a crucial role in YC’s early success, when she was nicknamed the “social radar” because of her uncanny ability to quickly evaluate people—an essential skill when investing in early-stage startups. She’s also the host of the popular podcast The Social Radars, where she interviews billion-dollar-startup founders, and the author of the acclaimed book Founders at Work, which captures the origin stories of some of today’s most interesting companies. In our conversation, we discuss:• How Jessica gained the affectionate title of the “social radar”• Why defensive founders are a red flag• How to develop your social radar• What she looks for in founders during YC interviews• How YC’s early inexperience in angel investing led to the batch model• Her favorite stories from interviews with Airbnb, Rippling, and more• Lessons learned from hosting her own podcast• Much more—Brought to you by:• Enterpret—Transform customer feedback into product growth• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-social-radar-jessica-livingston—Where to find Jessica Livingston:• X: https://x.com/jesslivingston• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessicalivingston1/• Podcast: https://www.thesocialradars.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jessica’s background(02:42) Thoughts on being under-recognized(07:52) Jessica’s superpower: the social radar(15:11) Evaluating founders: key traits and red flags(21:00) The Airbnb story: a lesson in hustle and determination(25:57) A YC success story(28:26) The importance of earnestness(32:45) Confidence vs. defensiveness(34:43) Commitment and co-founder disputes(37:46) Relentless resourcefulness(40:00) Jessica’s social radar: origins and insights(43:24) Honing her social radar skills(45:44) Conviction and scams: a Y Combinator story(46:50) The interview process: challenges and insights(48:20) Operationalizing founder evaluation(49:38) Advice for building social radar skills(52:08) The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” quiz(55:19) Jessica’s podcast: The Social Radars(01:00:34) Lessons from podcasting and interviewing(01:09:58) Lightning round—Referenced:• Paul Graham’s post about Jessica: https://paulgraham.com/jessica.html• Paul Graham on X: https://x.com/paulg• Robert Tappan Morris: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Tappan_Morris• Trevor Blackwell on X: https://x.com/tlbtlbtlb• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• “The Founders” examines the rise and legend of PayPal: https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/02/19/the-founders-examines-the-rise-and-legend-of-paypal• Patrick Collison on X: https://x.com/patrickc• John Collison on X: https://x.com/collision• Brian Chesky on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianchesky/• Nate Blecharczyk on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/blecharczyk/• Joe Gebbia on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jgebbia/• Airbnb’s CEO says a $40 cereal box changed the course of the multibillion-dollar company: https://fortune.com/2023/04/19/airbnb-ceo-cereal-box-investors-changed-everything-billion-dollar-company/• Parker Conrad on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/parkerconrad/• Zenefits: https://connect.trinet.com/hr-platform• Goat: https://www.goat.com/• Eddy Lu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eddylu/• Drew Houston on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drewhouston/• Arash Ferdowsi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/arashferdowsi/• Lessons from 1,000+ YC startups: Resilience, tar pit ideas, pivoting, more | Dalton Caldwell (Y Combinator, Managing Director): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-1000-yc-startups•Bitcoin launderer pleads guilty, admits to massive Bitfinex hack: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/08/03/new-york-man-admits-being-original-bitfinex-hacker-during-guilty-plea-in-dc-to-bitcoin-money-laundering.html• Paul Graham’s tweet with the facial recognition test: https://x.com/paulg/status/1782875262855663691• SmartLess podcast: https://www.smartless.com• Jason Bateman on X: https://x.com/batemanjason• Will Arnett on X: https://x.com/arnettwill• Sean Hayes on X: https://x.com/seanhayes• The Social Radars with Tony Xu, Co-Founder & CEO of DoorDash: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/Ja-tony-xu-co-founder-ceo-of-doordash• The Social Radars with Brian Chesky: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/JW-brian-chesky-co-founder-ceo-of-airbnb• The Social Radars with Patrick and John Collison: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/Kx-patrick-john-collison-co-founders-of-stripe• The Social Radars with Brian Armstrong: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/K3-brian-armstrong-co-founder-and-ceo-of-coinbase• The Social Radars with Emmett Shear: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/KM-emmett-shear-co-founder-of-twitch• The Social Radars with Paul Graham: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/JV-paul-graham-co-founder-of-y-combinator-and-viaweb• The Social Radars with Adora Cheung: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/L0-adora-cheung-co-founder-of-homejoy-instalab• Founders at Work: Stories of Startups’ Early Days: https://www.amazon.com/Founders-Work-Stories-Startups-Early/dp/1430210788• Startup School: https://www.startupschool.org/• The Social Radars with Parker Conrad: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/Ky-parker-conrad-founder-of-zenefits-rippling• Rippling: https://www.rippling.com/• Carry on, Jeeves: https://www.amazon.com/Carry-Jeeves-Dover-Thrift-Editions/dp/0486848957• Very Good, Jeeves: https://www.amazon.com/Very-Good-Jeeves-Wooster-Book-ebook/dp/B0051GST06• Right Ho, Jeeves: https://www.amazon.com/Right-Ho-Jeeves-P-Wodehouse-ebook/dp/B083FFDNHN/• Life: https://www.amazon.com/Life-Keith-Richards-ebook/dp/B003UBTX72/• My Name Is Barbra: https://www.amazon.com/My-Name-Barbra-Streisand/dp/0525429522• Clarkson’s Farm on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Clarksons-Farm-Season-1/dp/B095RHJ52R• Schitt’s Creek on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/schitts-creek-a2e7a946-9652-48a8-884b-3ea7ea4de273• Yellowstone on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/yellowstone• Sam Altman on X: https://x.com/sama• Justin Kan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/justinkan/• Alexis Ohanian on X: https://x.com/alexisohanian• Steve Huffman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shuffman56/• Breaking News: Condé Nast/Wired Acquires Reddit: https://techcrunch.com/2006/10/31/breaking-news-conde-nastwired-acquires-reddit/• Charles River Venture: https://www.crv.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ami Vora is the Chief Product Officer of Faire, which connects independent retailers and brands around the world. Before Faire, Ami spent over 15 years at Meta, including as VP of Product and Design for WhatsApp (2B+ users), VP of Product for Facebook’s ads system (now $130B of annual revenue), and director at Instagram. She began her career working on developer tools at Microsoft. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why execution eats strategy for breakfast• Using metaphor to rally teams around one shared goal• How to build cross-functional relationships• “Dinosaur brain,” “Toddler soccer,” and the “hill climbing” metaphors• A tactic for handling disagreement• Tips for working well with product-minded founders as a product leader• The story of Ami’s incredible 15-year journey from temp to VP at Meta• Much more—Brought to you by:• Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers.• Anvil—The fastest way to build software for documents.• User Testing—Human understanding. Human experiences.—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/authenticity-and-curiosity-ami-vora—Where to find Ami Vora:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amvora/• Substack: https://amivora.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ami’s background(02:00) The myth of perfection in success(07:55) Emotionally connecting with the job(09:55) Embracing curiosity in moments of challenge(13:16) Thinking in feedback loops(17:17) The “dinosaur brain” metaphor in product reviews(20:20) Strategies for conducting effective product reviews(26:33) Using metaphors and imagery to communicate your vision(29:35) The power of having a shared narrative(31:55) WhatsApp: an example of metaphor in action(34:44) Emulating people that inspire you(36:19) WhatsApp video calling(37:35) Why execution is greater than strategy(41:36) Time allotment for strategy vs. execution(45:10) How to become a better strategic thinker(47:59) The intricacies of implementing feedback(51:53) Being a female leader in tech(55:13) Advice for young women in tech(56:07) Setting goals and aligning incentives(01:01:40) Acknowledging hard truths(01:05:46) Lessons from transitioning to Faire(01:08:40) The importance of a good CPO/CEO relationship(01:11:17) Vetting heads of product and maintaining customer focus(01:12:40) How Ami went from intern to leading major products at Meta(01:14:53) The one thing you should do to be successful in product(01:17:25) Lightning round—Referenced:• Faire: https://www.faire.com/• Making Meta | Andrew “Boz” Bosworth (CTO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/making-meta-andrew-boz-bosworth-cto•  Community Wisdom: AMA with Dan Hockenmaier + Facilitating a roadmap session, structuring product teams, navigating an acquisition, companies not needing PMs anymore, and much more: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/making-meta-andrew-boz-bosworth-cto• Developing a growth model + marketplace growth strategy | Dan Hockenmaier (Faire, Thumbtack, Reforge): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/developing-a-growth-model-marketplace• Dan Hockenmaier’s website: https://www.danhock.com/• On Reviews: https://boz.com/articles/reviews• Finding a global optimum always feels like a hill climb: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/amvora_finding-a-global-optimum-always-feels-like-activity-7074776143882588161-jhyy/• Dolores Park: https://sfrecpark.org/892/Mission-Dolores-Park• Rob Goldman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robgoldman/• Execution eats strategy for breakfast, but execution without strategy leads to burnout: https://rationalpm.substack.com/p/execution-eats-strategy-for-breakfast• The goal of a “strategy” is to change our own team’s behavior: https://amivora.substack.com/p/the-goal-of-a-strategy-is-to-change• The paths to power: How to grow your influence and advance your career | Jeffrey Pfeffer (author of 7 Rules of Power, professor at Stanford GSB): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-paths-to-power-jeffrey-pfeffer• Path to Power course outline: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Pfeffer-OB377-Course-Outline-2018.pdf• Management Time: Who’s Got the Monkey?: https://hbr.org/1999/11/management-time-whos-got-the-monkey• Max Rhodes on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/max-rhodes/• Coupa Coffee: https://www.coupacafe.com/• Brandee Barker on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandeedbarker/• Year of Yes: How to Dance It Out, Stand In the Sun and Be Your Own Person: https://www.amazon.com/Year-Yes-Dance-Stand-Person/dp/1476777128 • How to tell better stories | Matthew Dicks (Storyworthy): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-tell-better-stories-matthew-dicks-storyworthy/• A life of yes: Matthew Dicks at TEDxSomerville: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3TaQFcaMk4• The Office on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-office• 30 Rock on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/watch-online/tv/30-rock/6240863759978157112• Dall-E-2: https://openai.com/index/dall-e-2/• ChatGPT: https://chatgpt.com• Fellow kettles: https://fellowproducts.com/products/stagg-ekg-electric-pour-over-kettle• TikTok’s “Roman Empire” Meme, Explained: https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2023/09/21/tiktoks-roman-empire-meme-explained/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Tanguy Crusson is the product lead for Jira Product Discovery at Atlassian. In his more than 10 years at the company, he has been instrumental in taking several new products from zero to one, including HipChat, Statuspage, and Jira Product Discovery. In this episode, we dive deep into the struggles of innovating and building new products inside a large company. Tanguy shares candid stories about what worked, what didn’t, and his many hard-won lessons learned about how to successfully build 0 to 1. We cover:• Why large companies with so many advantages still fail at creating new products• Lessons learned from building HipChat• How to avoid common pitfalls like competitive myopia and premature scaling• Lessons learned from the acquisition and integration of Statuspage• Insights from the success of Jira Product Discovery• Tactics for protecting your “ugly babies”• The power of “lighthouse users”• The importance of having a “why now”• Much more—Brought to you by:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-0-to-1-inside-atlassian-tanguy-crusson—Where to find Tanguy Crusson:• X: https://x.com/tanguycrusson• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tanguy-crusson-99832a—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Tanguy’s background(02:30) Tanguy’s journey at Atlassian(07:03) The challenges of innovating in large companies(10:42) Atlassian's high bar for excellence (12:58) The HipChat story: successes, failures, and lessons learned(20:47) Lessons learned from building HipChat(33:49) Statuspage: a journey of perseverance(39:48) Acquisition challenges and lessons(47:22) Strategic decisions: build, buy, or partner?(48:17) Learning to articulate "why now"(54:08) A quick summary of lessons in this episode(55:40) The success and pain of launching Jira Product Discovery (58:10) Incubating new products: the Point A program(01:00:13) Failure is the most likely outcome(01:04:15) Atlassian's four-phase approach to launching new products(01:09:20) Breaking rules without breaking trust(01:16:16) Early success and team autonomy(01:17:22) Innovating without disrupting existing customers(01:23:17) The Lighthouse Users program(01:30:00) Protecting and nurturing new ideas(01:36:14) Balancing innovation with personal well-being(01:38:17) A reminder to look after yourself(01:42:06) Lightning round—Referenced:• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• HipChat: https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Hipchat/ct-p/hipchat• Stride: https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Stride/ct-p/stride• Statuspage: https://www.atlassian.com/software/statuspage• Opsgenie: https://www.atlassian.com/software/opsgenie• Jira Product Discovery: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/product-discovery• HipChat billboard: https://x.com/HubSpot/status/654696998126272512• Announcing our new partnership with Slack: https://www.atlassian.com/blog/announcements/new-atlassian-slack-partnership• Slack shows it’s worried about Microsoft Teams with a full-page newspaper ad: https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/2/13497766/slack-microsoft-teams-new-york-times-ad• What Is ‘Dogfooding’?: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/business/dogfooding.html• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Confluence: https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence• PagerDuty: https://www.pagerduty.com/• New Relic: https://newrelic.com/• BigPanda: https://www.bigpanda.io/• Transparent Uptime: http://www.transparentuptime.com/• Vision, conviction, and hype: How to build 0 to 1 inside a company | Mihika Kapoor (Product at Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Lessons from Atlassian: Launching new products, getting buy-in, and staying ahead of the competition | Megan Cook (head of product, Jira): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-atlassian-launching• Noah Weiss on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/noahw/• Tanguy’s LinkedIn post about “lighthouse users”: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tanguy-crusson-99832a_lighthouse-users-one-of-the-pm-techniques-activity-7176654510801502210-hWNi/• Pixar Chief: Protect Your ‘Ugly Babies’ (Your Unsightly Ideas): https://www.forbes.com/sites/andyboynton/2014/03/17/pixar-chief-protect-your-ugly-babies-your-unsightly-ideas/• Atlas: https://www.atlassian.com/software/atlas• Point A: https://www.atlassian.com/point-a• Scott Farquhar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scottfarquhar• Who: A Method for Hiring: https://www.amazon.com/Who-Method-Hiring-HC-2008/dp/B004C79SRS/• Hakim’s Odyssey: Book 1: From Syria to Turkey: https://www.amazon.com/Hakims-Odyssey-Book-Syria-Turkey/dp/1637790007• Living with the Earth, Volume 1: Permaculture, Ecoculture: Inspired by Nature: https://www.amazon.com/Living-Earth-Gardeners-Permaculture-Ecoculture/dp/1856232603/• INRIA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Institute_for_Research_in_Computer_Science_and_Automation• How a Hydrofoil Works: https://web.mit.edu/2.972/www/reports/hydrofoil/hydrofoil.html• What Is Kitefoil or Foilboarding?: https://www.whenitswindy.com/wp/?page_id=534• Freediving: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freediving• Tanguy’s freediving stats: https://www.aidainternational.org/Athletes/Profile-00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000a45• Perplexity: https://www.perplexity.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jeffrey Pfeffer teaches the single most popular (and somewhat controversial) class at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business: The Paths to Power. He’s also the author of 16 books, including 7 Rules of Power: Surprising—But True—Advice on How to Get Things Done and Advance Your Career. He has taught at Harvard, the London Business School, and IESE and has written for publications like Fortune and the Washington Post. Recognized by the Academy of Management and listed in the Thinkers50 Hall of Fame, Jeffrey also serves on several corporate and nonprofit boards, bringing his expertise to global audiences through seminars and executive education. In our conversation, we discuss:• Jeffrey’s seven rules of power• How individuals can acquire and use power in business• Networking, and how to do it effectively• How to build a non-cringe personal brand• How to increase your influence to amplify your impact• Examples and stories of people building power• Tradeoffs and challenges that come with power—Brought to you by:• Uizard—AI-powered prototyping for visionary product leaders• Webflow—The web experience platform• Heap—Cross-platform product analytics that converts, engages, and retains customers—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-paths-to-power-jeffrey-pfeffer—Where to find Jeffrey Pfeffer:• X: https://x.com/JeffreyPfeffer• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffrey-pfeffer-57a01b6/• Website: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/• Podcast: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/pfeffer-on-power/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jeffrey’s background (02:54) Understanding discomfort with power(04:56) Power skills for underrepresented groups(07:51) The popularity and challenges of Jeffrey’s class at Stanford(12:21) The seven rules of power(13:03) Success stories from his course(15:43) Building a personal brand(21:11) Getting out of your own way(26:04) Breaking the rules to gain power(30:34) Networking relentlessly(40:10) Why Jeffrey says to “pursue weak ties”(42:00) Using your power to build more power(44:34) The importance of appearance and body language(47:15) Mastering the art of presentation(55:12) Examples of homework assignments that Jeffrey gives students(59:11) People will forget how you acquired power(01:03:58) More good people need to have power(01:10:49) The price of power and autonomy(01:17:13) A homework assignment for you—Referenced:• Gerald Ferris on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gerald-r-ferris-5816b1b5/• Political Skill at Work: https://tarjomefa.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/4173-engilish.pdf• Laura Esserman, MD: https://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/esserman.laura• Taylor Swift’s website: https://www.taylorswift.com/• Matthew 7: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%207&version=NIV• Mother Teresa quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/2887-if-you-judge-people-you-have-no-time-to-love• Paths to Power course description: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Pfeffer-OB377-Course-Outline-2018.pdf• 7 Rules of Power: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/books/7-rules-of-power/• The Knowing-Doing Gap: https://jeffreypfeffer.com/books/the-knowing-doing-gap/• Derek Kan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/derekkan/• Mitt Romney on X: https://x.com/mittromney• Elaine Chao’s website: https://www.elainechao.com/• Tony Hsieh: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hsieh• Zappos: https://www.zappos.com/• How I Did It: Zappos’s CEO on Going to Extremes for Customers: https://hbr.org/2010/07/how-i-did-it-zapposs-ceo-on-going-to-extremes-for-customers• McKinsey & Company: https://www.mckinsey.com/• Bain & Company: https://www.bain.com/• BCG: https://www.bcg.com/• Keith Ferrazzi’s website: https://www.keithferrazzi.com/• Deloitte: https://www2.deloitte.com/• Tristan Walker: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tristanwalker/• Foursquare: https://foursquare.com/• Laura Chau on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-chau/• Canaan Partners: https://www.canaan.com/• Andreessen Horowitz: https://a16z.com/• Sequoia Capital: https://www.sequoiacap.com/• Greylock: https://greylock.com/• The Women Who Venture (WoVen) Podcast: https://www.canaan.com/woven/podcasts• Imposter syndrome: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/imposter-syndrome• Gary Loveman and Harrah’s Entertainment: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/case-studies/gary-loveman-harrahs-entertainment• “If you need help, just ask”: Underestimating compliance with direct requests for help: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/if-you-need-help-just-ask-underestimating-compliance-direct-requests• Life story of Kathleen Frances Fowler: https://www.forevermissed.com/kathleenfowler/lifestory• Jason Calacanis on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasoncalacanis/• Jason Calacanis: A Case Study in Creating Resources: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/case-studies/jason-calacanis-case-study-creating-resources• You’re Invited: The Art and Science of Connection, Trust, and Belonging: https://www.amazon.com/Youre-Invited-Science-Cultivating-Influence/dp/0063030977• View from the Top: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/experience/learning/guest-speakers/view-top• Omid Kordestani on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/omid-kordestani-46515151/• Netscape: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape•  Esther Wojcicki on LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/estherwojcicki/• Leanne Williams: https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/leanne-williams• Precision Psychiatry: Using Neuroscience Insights to Inform Personally Tailored, Measurement-Based Care: https://www.amazon.com/Precision-Psychiatry-Neuroscience-Personally-Measurement-Based/dp/1615371583• Mark Granovetter on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mark-granovetter-8161704/• The Strength of Weak Ties: https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-readings/granovetter73weakties.pdf• Getting a Job: https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Job-Study-Contacts-Careers/dp/0226305813• Acting with Power: https://www.amazon.com/Acting-Power-More-Powerful-Believe/dp/110190397X• Articles by Herminia Ibarra: https://herminiaibarra.com/articles/• Kingdom of the Planet of the Ape: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11389872/• Jim Collins’s website: https://www.jimcollins.com/• Dana Carney on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danarosecarney/• Baba Shiv: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/baba-shiv• Tony Hayward: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Hayward• Lloyd Blankfein: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Blankfein• Regis McKenna: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regis_McKenna• Jack Valenti: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Valenti• Salman Rushdie quote: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/434175220328596286/• How to build deeper, more robust relationships | Carole Robin (Stanford GSB professor, “Touchy Feely”): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/build-robust-relationships-carole-robin• Carole Robin’s 15% rule: https://pen-name.notion.site/Carole-Robin-on-Lenny-s-Podcast-dc7159208e4242428f4b11ebc92285eb• Karlie Kloss on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/karliekloss• Lindsey Graham’s website: https://www.lindseygraham.com/• Was Microsoft’s Empire Built on Stolen Code? We May Never Know: https://www.wired.com/2012/08/ms-dos-examined-for-thef/• Who’s who of Jeffrey Epstein’s powerful friends, associates and possible co-conspirators: https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/12/us/jeffrey-epstein-associates-possible-accomplices/index.html• Why Did Martha Stewart Go to Prison? A Look Back at Her 2004 Fraud Case: https://people.com/martha-stewart-fraud-case-prison-sentence-look-back-8550277• Dianne Feinstein: https://www.congress.gov/member/dianne-feinstein/F000062• Richard Blum: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Blum• Athena Care Network: https://www.athenacarenetwork.org• James G. March: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._March• Satya Nadella on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satyanadella/• Trump Organization fined $1.6 million for tax fraud: https://apnews.com/article/politics-legal-proceedings-new-york-city-donald-trump-manhattan-e2f1d01525dafb64be8738c8b4f32085• Rudy Giuliani: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani• Harvard president resigns amid claims of plagiarism and antisemitism backlash: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2024/jan/02/harvard-president-claudine-gay-resigns• Stanford president resigns after fallout from falsified data in his research: https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188828810/stanford-university-president-resigns• Rudy Crew: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Crew—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Uri Levine is the co-founder of Waze, the world’s largest community-based traffic and navigation app, acquired by Google for over $1 billion. He’s also founded nine other companies, been on the board of 20 companies, and advised more than 50 companies. He’s most recently the author of Fall in Love with the Problem, Not the Solution: A Handbook for Entrepreneurs, hailed by Steve Wozniak as the “Bible for entrepreneurs.” Uri is dedicated to creating impactful startups that solve real-world problems and has seen everything from failure to moderate success to big success. In our conversation, we dig into:• Why falling in love with the problem is key to startup success• The phases of the startup journey and how to navigate them• Why firing is more important than hiring• How Waze iterated to achieve product-market fit• Tactics for telling a compelling story when fundraising• Much more—Brought to you by:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• Mercury—The powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank• LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-uri-levine—Where to find Uri Levine:• X: https://twitter.com/urilevine1• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/uri-levine• Website: https://urilevine.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Uri’s background(02:50) Falling in love with the problem(09:03) Signs this is a big enough problem(10:54) The importance of passion(12:06) A pivot example(14:01) Where to find startup ideas(21:57) Finding product-market fit at Waze(29:45) The different phases of a startup journey(36:47) What investors don’t want to hear(39:53) Fundraising tips(48:02) How to make your presentations stronger(50:32) A wild fundraising story(53:46) Firing and hiring(59:50) The 30-day test(01:04:12) Understanding users(01:12:10) Talking to the right users(01:15:36) Lightning round—Referenced:• Fall in Love with the Problem, Not the Solution: A Handbook for Entrepreneurs: https://www.amazon.com/Fall-Love-Problem-Solution-Entrepreneurs/dp/1637741987• Waze: https://www.waze.com/• Ben Horowitz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/behorowitz/• Ben Horowitz quote: https://quotefancy.com/quote/1635284/Ben-Horowitz-As-a-startup-CEO-I-slept-like-a-baby-I-woke-up-every-2-hours-and-cried• Michael Jordan quote: https://www.forbes.com/quotes/11194/#:~:text=I've%20lost%20almost%20300,that%20is%20why%20I%20succeed.• Steph Curry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Curry• How Airbnb Used Word of Mouth to Change the Travel Industry Forever: https://truested.com/story/airbnb• Space Mountain: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Mountain_(Disneyland)• How Netflix builds a culture of excellence | Elizabeth Stone (CTO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-netflix-builds-a-culture-of-excellence• Steve Wozniak on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wozniaksteve/• Uri’s post about the conference in Guatemala with Steve Wozniak: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/uri-levine_jewishnewyear-speakers-book-activity-6980089544079486976-0ADa/• Leonardo da Vinci quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/9010638-simplicity-is-the-ultimate-sophistication-when-once-you-have-tasted• Geoffrey Moore on finding your beachhead, crossing the chasm, and dominating a market: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/geoffrey-moore-on-finding-your-beachhead• Nana Korobi Ya Oki: https://ikigaitribe.com/vlog/nana-korobi-ya-oki/• That Will Never Work: The Birth of Netflix and the Amazing Life of an Idea: https://www.amazon.com/That-Will-Never-Work-Netflix/dp/0316530204• Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones: https://www.amazon.com/Atomic-Habits-Proven-Build-Break/dp/0735211299• 8 Great Chess Apps for Beginners and Grand Masters: https://www.wired.com/story/best-chess-apps/• Pontera: https://pontera.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Cameron Adams is the co-founder and chief product officer of Canva. Canva is one of the world’s most valuable private software companies, used by 95% of Fortune 500 companies. Since its launch in 2013, Canva has grown to over 150 million monthly users in more than 190 countries, generating $2.3 billion in annual revenue. Prior to Canva, Cameron ran a design consultancy, worked at Google on Google Wave, and founded the email startup Fluent. He is also an author of five web design books and a regular speaker at global conferences. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why they spent a year building their minimum viable product (MVP) before launch• Why Canva has no managers, and their unique approach to coaching and performance reviews• Why they encourage employees to “give away their Legos”• Insights into Canva’s SEO growth strategy• Their three-pillar framework for integrating AI into their product• Stories from the early days—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-canva-with-cameron-adams—Where to find Cameron Adams:• X: https://twitter.com/themaninblue• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/themaninblue• Website: https://themaninblue.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Cameron’s background(02:00) Reflecting on the success of Canva(04:50) Reflecting on hard times(10:01) Canva’s product-obsessed culture(12:02) Why they prioritize internal promotions and hires(13:56) What makes Canva unique(16:31) The concept of giving away your Legos(21:44) Why Canva has no managers(24:29) Product management at Canva(27:56) Reflections on working with a married couple(30:37) Why they spent a year building their MVP before launch(33:49) Advice for building an MVP(41:23) Canva’s onboarding transformation(44:25) Canva’s SEO strategy(50:37) The success of Canva’s freemium strategy(54:24) Integrating AI into Canva’s product(01:01:50) Where to find Cameron—Referenced:• Canva: https://www.canva.com/• Melanie Perkins on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/melanieperkins• Cliff Obrecht on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cliff-obrecht-79ba9920• Jennie Rogerson, Head of People, LinkedIn post about “season opener” events: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jennierogerson_season-opener-is-one-of-my-favourite-events-activity-7006815614556135424-73bD/• Game of Thrones on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones• Woodstock: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodstock• ‘Give Away Your Legos’ and Other Commandments for Scaling Startups: https://review.firstround.com/give-away-your-legos-and-other-commandments-for-scaling-startups/• Minimum viable product (MVP): https://www.productboard.com/glossary/minimum-viable-product-mvp• Canva’s SEO Strategy Is Elite: https://thegrowthplaybook.substack.com/p/canvas-seo-strategy-is-elite• The SEO Strategy That Led Canva to a $40 Billion Valuation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INyGKt6LAqM• Andrianes Pinantoan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrianes/• Canva Create: https://www.canva.com/canva-create/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Matt Dixon is one of the world’s foremost experts in sales and the author of The Challenger Sale, which sold over a million copies worldwide and was a #1 Amazon and Wall Street Journal bestseller. His most recent book, The JOLT Effect, focuses on overcoming customer indecision—one of the biggest challenges to closing deals. Outside of writing, Matt co-founded DCM Insights, a boutique consultancy helping organizations understand customer behavior, and is a frequent contributor to the Harvard Business Review, with more than 20 print and online articles to his credit. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why 40% to 60% of qualified sales opportunities are lost due to customer indecision• Why dialing up FOMO doesn’t work, and what to do instead• The “pings and echoes” technique to catch issues early• The JOLT method for overcoming indecision• Key lessons from The Challenger Sale• Practical examples of how to apply these principles to close more deals—Brought to you by:• Enterpret—Transform customer feedback into product growth• Webflow—The web experience platform• Heap—Cross-platform product analytics that converts, engages, and retains customers—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/close-more-deals-matt-dixon—Where to find Matt Dixon:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthewxdixon• Website: https://www.jolteffect.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Matt’s background(01:57) The research behind Matt’s books(06:08) Insights from The JOLT Effect(10:15) FOMO vs. FOMU(18:18) An example of selling software(26:04) The JOLT method Step 1: Judge their level of indecision(29:41) The “pings and echoes” technique(34:49) Step 2: Offer a recommendation(38:36) Step 3: Limit the exploration(41:43) Step 4: Take risk off the table(45:58) When to hit the pause button with a customer(47:27) Insights from The Challenger Sale(49:07) An example of a challenger sale(55:23) Where to find Matt—Referenced:• A step-by-step guide to crafting a sales pitch that wins | April Dunford (author of Obviously Awesome and Sales Pitch): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-step-by-step-guide-to-crafting• The Challenger Sale: Taking Control of the Customer Conversation: https://www.amazon.com/Challenger-Sale-Control-Customer-Conversation/dp/0670922854• The JOLT Effect: How High Performers Overcome Customer Indecision: https://www.amazon.com/JOLT-Effect-Performers-Overcome-Indecision/dp/0593538102• Gartner acquires CEB: https://www.gartner.com/en/about/acquisitions/history/ceb-acquisition• Tiger King on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81115994• Why sourdough went viral: https://www.economist.com/1843/2020/08/04/why-sourdough-went-viral• Neil Rackham: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Rackham• Status quo bias in decision-making: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_quo_bias• Omission bias: https://thedecisionlab.com/biases/omission-bias• Gartner Magic Quadrant & Critical Capabilities: https://www.gartner.com/en/research/magic-quadrant• Dunning-Kruger effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect• Stop Losing Sales to Customer Indecision: https://hbr.org/2022/06/stop-losing-sales-to-customer-indecision• Dentsply Sirona: https://www.dentsplysirona.com/• “We happy?” Briefcase scene from Tarantino’s Pulp Fiction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGchDuOpbhE• Nupro Freedom Cordless Prophy System: https://www.dentsplysirona.com/en-us/discover/discover-by-category/preventive/hygiene-handpieces.html—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Bangaly Kaba was an early growth PM at Facebook, head of growth at Instagram, and VP of Product at Instacart and is currently Director of Product at YouTube overseeing a global team working on creator monetization. Bangaly has also been a growth advisor to dozens of companies, including Twitter, on the board of multiple companies, and is an active angel investor. In our conversation, we discuss:• A simple framework for choosing where to work and what to work on• The importance of “understand work”• The “adjacent users” theory and how it can help you drive growth• Advice for coaching product managers• Invaluable lessons from his time at Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube• Much more—Brought to you by:• Uizard—AI-powered prototyping for visionary product leaders• Mercury—The powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/frameworks-for-growing-your-career-bangaly-kaba—Where to find Bangaly Kaba:• X: https://twitter.com/iambangaly• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/iambangaly/• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/iambangaly/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Bangaly’s background(06:31) Choosing where to work and what to work on(08:39) The impact factor(10:53) Evaluating the environment(15:53) The manager component(18:27) The skills part of the equation(23:49) Advice on finding a mentor(25:42) The power of “understand work”(31:17) Operationalizing understand work(37:55) Balancing understand work(41:25) Managing complex change(45:26) Effective management of product managers(51:35) The role of product managers as coaches and team leaders(54:52) Driving growth through flywheels and value proposition(01:03:14) Understanding adjacent users(01:08:41) The role of partnerships and SEO in Instagram’s early growth(01:16:08) The secret behind Instagram’s growth(01:25:37) Lessons from Facebook(01:29:15) Failure corner(01:31:58) Lightning round—Referenced:• Impact = Environment x Skills: How to Make Career Decisions: https://www.reforge.com/blog/how-to-make-career-decisions• Thinking beyond frameworks | Casey Winters (Pinterest, Eventbrite, Airbnb, Tinder, Canva, Reddit, Grubhub): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/thinking-beyond-frameworks-casey• Casey Winters’s blog: https://caseyaccidental.com/• Ben Thompson’s newsletter: https://stratechery.com/about/• Elena Verna on how B2B growth is changing, product-led growth, product-led sales, why you should go freemium not trial, what features to make free, and much more: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/elena-verna-on-why-every-company• George Lee on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geolee/• Bangaly Kaba: The Path to 1 Billion: Lessons Learned from Growing Instagram—CXL LIVE 2018: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9ZHlb6kj_E• What Is ‘Dogfooding’?: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/business/dogfooding.html• Bloom’s taxonomy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%27s_taxonomy• Kevin Systrom on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinsystrom/• Mike Krieger on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikekrieger/• LeBron James: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeBron_James• Kobe Bryant: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe_Bryant•  Mike Krzyzewski: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Krzyzewski• John Calipari: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calipari• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Chief: https://chief.com/• Jobs to be done framework: https://jobs-to-be-done.com/jobs-to-be-done-a-framework-for-customer-needs-c883cbf61c90• The Adjacent User: https://brianbalfour.com/quick-takes/the-adjacent-user• How the biggest consumer apps got their first 1,000 users: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-the-biggest-consumer-apps-got• Alex Zhu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keepsilence/• From Brush to Canvas with Alex Zhu of Musical.ly: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey15v81pwII• Selena Gomez on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/selenagomez/• Kim Kardashian on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kimkardashian/• Rob Andrews on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/robby-andrews-64669720/• Instagram’s growth speeds up as it hits 700 million users: https://techcrunch.com/2017/04/26/instagram-700-million-users/• Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World: https://www.amazon.com/Range-Generalists-Triumph-Specialized-World/dp/0735214484• Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World: https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Work-Focused-Success-Distracted/dp/1455586692• Start at the End: How to Build Products That Create Change: https://www.amazon.com/Start-End-Products-Create-Change/dp/0525534423• Flighty app: https://www.flightyapp.com/• Adam Grant on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/adamgrant/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kenneth Berger coaches startup leaders on how to prevent burnout, advocate for their desired lifestyle, and make a meaningful impact on the world. He’s spent more than 20 years in the tech industry, is a former founder backed by top investors, and was the first product manager at Slack. Kenneth’s core mission is to help startup leaders change the world by learning to ask for what they want, living with integrity, and building genuine relationships even with the people they find most challenging. Currently he is writing a book, Ask for What You Want, in which he aims to share his actionable strategies for creating change in the world. In our conversation, we explore:• Why asking for what you want is so impactful• Three steps to effectively ask for what you want• Challenges that arise when people struggle to ask for what they want• Why hearing “no” is a normal part of the process• The “dream behind the complaint” technique for uncovering desires• Kenneth’s experience of being fired three times from Slack• How embracing fear and discomfort is key to getting what you want• Why discipline is overrated—Brought to you by:• Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers• Webflow—The web experience platform• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/ask-for-what-you-want-kenneth-berger—Where to find Kenneth Berger:• X: https://twitter.com/kberger• Threads: https://www.threads.net/@kberger• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kberger/• Website: https://kberger.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kenneth’s background(04:31) The importance of asking for what you want(06:36) Challenges that arise when people struggle to ask for what they want(08:09) A personal example of failing to ask for what you want(09:17) Signs this is a skill you need to work on(10:49) How to get better at knowing what you want(15:28) Why hearing “no” is a normal part of the process(17:29) Getting a “yes” vs. a “hell yes”(19:20) Step 1: Articulate what you want(24:07) Doing an integrity check(26:56) Step 2: Ask for what you want intentionally(30:45) Understanding your influence(34:48) Using complaints as inspiration(36:24) Internal family systems(38:00) Giving feedback(41:24) Step 3: Accept the response(45:22) Kenneth’s experience of being fired three times from Slack(57:30) Advice on being the first PM at a company or startup(01:04:58) Contrarian corner: anti-discipline(01:05:52) Lightning round—Referenced:• Joining as the first product manager: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/joining-as-the-first-product-manager• Internal Family Systems: https://ifs-institute.com/• How to build deeper, more robust relationships | Carole Robin (Stanford GSB professor, “Touchy Feely”): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/build-robust-relationships-carole-robin• Leaders in Tech: https://leadersintech.org/• The Three Realities Framework | The 15% Rule | Feedback Guidelines: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/build-robust-relationships-carole-robin• T-group weekends at Stanford: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/experience/learning/leadership/interpersonal-dynamics/facilitation-training-program/intro-tgroup• DBT skill DEAR MAN: https://www.therapistaid.com/therapy-worksheet/dbt-dear-man• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT): https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22838-dialectical-behavior-therapy-dbt• Vision, conviction, and hype: How to build 0 to 1 inside a company | Mihika Kapoor (Product at Figma): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor• Stewart Butterfield on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/butterfield/• How to fire people with grace, work through fear, and nurture innovation | Matt Mochary (CEO coach): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Kick-Ass-Without-Humanity/dp/1250103509• Radical Candor: From theory to practice with author Kim Scott: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/radical-candor-from-theory-to-practice• Jonny Miller’s Nervous System Mastery course: https://nsmastery.com/lenny• Managing nerves, anxiety, and burnout | Jonny Miller (Nervous System Mastery): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/managing-nerves-anxiety-and-burnout• The 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership: A New Paradigm for Sustainable Success: https://www.amazon.com/15-Commitments-Conscious-Leadership-Sustainable-ebook/dp/B00R3MHWUE• Break Point on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81569920• Living on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81582076• Wimbledon tennis: https://www.wimbledon.com• Wenshan Baozhong tea: https://redblossomtea.com/products/wenshan-baozhong?variant=31629962820• Tea From Taiwan: https://www.teafromtaiwan.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jag Duggal is chief product officer at Nubank, a decacorn neobank founded in Brazil. It’s valued at over $30 billion, is bigger than Coinbase, Robinhood, Affirm, and SoFi combined, has 100 million customers (more than Bank of America!) while only operating in three countries in Latin America, and 80% to 90% of its growth comes through word of mouth. Prior to Nubank, Jag was a director of product management at Facebook, a senior vice president at Quantcast, and a product leader at Google. In our conversation, we discuss:• How Nubank builds a fanatical user base• Tactics for driving word-of-mouth growth• Measuring customer love through the Sean Ellis score• The importance of strategic clarity• The role of category design in creating successful products• Why companies should strive to be “fundamentally different,” not “incrementally better”• Nubank’s vision for an AI-powered banking future—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Mercury—The powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/be-fundamentally-different-jag-duggal—Where to find Jag Duggal:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jagduggal/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jag’s background(04:34) Nubank’s remarkable achievements(06:01) Nubank’s product development process(11:23) Nubank’s values(12:16) Building products people love fanatically(15:21) The Sean Ellis score(21:27) An example project using the Sean Ellis score(25:07) Picking up the phone and calling customers(28:20) The importance of starting small and iterating(30:42) Pushing back effectively(34:10) Uncovering pain points through customer research(37:53) An example of setting a clear hypothesis(42:01) Developing a strategy(52:16) “Be fundamentally different, not incrementally better”(53:10) Category design(57:37) Nubank’s founding story and goals for the future(01:00:46) Advice for adding new product lines(01:03:46) The future of fintech and banking(01:09:23) AI corner(01:12:34) Failure corner(01:20:24) Key takeaways(01:22:11) Lightning round—Referenced:• Nubank: https://nubank.com.br/en/• Coinbase: https://www.coinbase.com/• Robinhood: https://www.robinhood.com/• SoFi: https://www.sofi.com/• Affirm: https://www.affirm.com/• Lemonade: https://www.lemfi.com/• Bank of America: https://www.bankofamerica.com/• Nubank achieves a world record with more than 7 million people participating in NuBolão in one month: https://building.nubank.com.br/nubank-achieves-world-record-with-nubolao• Nu México carries out first financial transaction 20 meters under the depth of the sea: https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/nu-mexico-carries-out-first-financial-transaction-20-meters-under-the-depth-of-the-sea• David Vélez on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/david-v%C3%A9lez-1004875• Cristina Junqueira on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/crisjunqueira• Edward Wible on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adamedwardwible• Sequoia Capital: https://www.sequoiacap.com/• Churrascaria: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churrascaria• Nubank’s real foundation: our culture and values: https://building.nubank.com.br/nubank-culture-and-values/• Working Backwards Press Release Template and Example: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/working-backwards-press-release-template-example-ian-mcallister/• Sean Ellis test: https://productcoalition.com/using-sean-ellis-test-for-measuring-your-product-market-fit-c8ac98053c2c• How to know if you’ve got product-market fit: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-know-if-youve-got-productmarket• Reid Hoffman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/• Ultravioleta: Nubank expands its premium card offer and adds new features on the product’s first anniversary: https://international.nubank.com.br/company/ultravioleta-nubank-expands-its-premium-card-offer-and-adds-new-features-on-the-products-first-anniversary/• Jeff Bezos: Amazon and Blue Origin | Lex Fridman Podcast #405: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcWqzZ3I2cY• The Innovation Method Behind Swiffer Madness: https://www.fastcompany.com/3006797/innovation-method-behind-swiffer-madness• Kevin Systrom on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinsystrom/• Good Strategy, Bad Strategy | Richard Rumelt: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/good-strategy-bad-strategy-richard• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-Difference-Matters/dp/0307886239• The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists: https://www.amazon.com/Crux-How-Leaders-Become-Strategists/dp/1541701240/• How to become a category pirate | Christopher Lochhead (author of Play Bigger, Niche Down, Category Pirates, more): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-become-a-category-pirate-christopher• Play Bigger: How Pirates, Dreamers, and Innovators Create and Dominate Markets: https://www.amazon.com/Play-Bigger-Dreamers-Innovators-Dominate/dp/0062407619• Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works: https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Win-Strategy-Really-Works/dp/142218739X• A framework for finding product-market fit | Todd Jackson (First Round Capital): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-framework-for-finding-product-market• Citi: https://www.citi.com/• Santander Bank: https://www.santanderbank.com/• Fidji Sumo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fidjisimo/• Harvard Kennedy School: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/• Susan Wojcicki on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/susan-wojcicki-b136a99/• Coldplay—“Lost+” ft. Jay-Z: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkCDRm_YRFg• Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/14/technology/14DoubleClick.html• Real-time bidding: https://support.google.com/authorizedbuyers/answer/6136272• From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000: https://www.amazon.com/Third-World-First-Singapore-1965-2000/dp/0060197765/• The Gilded Age on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-gilded-age• Lomi: https://lomi.com/• Nubank careers: https://international.nubank.com.br/careers/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Vikrama Dhiman heads all things product at Gojek, including product management, design, program management, and research, across Indonesia, Singapore and India. He has over 16 years of experience building internet products, consults with Fortune 500 companies, and is among the most well-known and respected product leaders in all of Asia. In our conversation, we discuss:• The most common traits among successful product managers• The 3 W’s framework for PM career growth• The Four A’s of leveling up in product management• The right way to push back as a PM• Common pitfalls that stall PM careers• Vikrama’s advice for transitioning into product management• Why intent alone is not enough—Brought to you by:• Uizard—AI-powered prototyping for visionary product leaders• Webflow—The web experience platform• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-framework-for-pm-skill-development—Where to find Vikrama Dhiman:• X: https://twitter.com/vikramadhiman• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vikrama/• Website: https://www.vikramadhiman.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Vikrama’s background(03:56) Three common traits among great PMs(07:09) The first W: What you produce(15:40) The second W: What you bring to the table(18:58) The third W: What’s your operating model?(20:36) Three traits that make you a great PM to work with(21:49) How to improve the quality and quantity of your outputs(23:26) The art of the pushback(26:55) Common factors that impede career growth(33:39) Vikrama’s personal reflections(39:33) Choosing which skill(s) to focus on developing(46:28) The ambiguity of the PM role(51:47) The 8 axis for PM growth(56:57) Contrarian corner: Why intent alone is not enough(59:30) Lightning round—Referenced:• Taxi mafias, cash vaults, and 100% MoM growth: The story behind Southeast Asia’s biggest startup | Kevin Aluwi (Gojek): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/taxi-mafias-cash-vaults-and-100-mom• How to scrappily hire for, measure, and unlock growth | Crystal Widjaja, Gojek and Kumu: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-hire-for-measure-and-unlock• Gojek: https://www.gojek.com/en-id• SQL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL• Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/• Crystal Widjaja on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/crystalwidjaja• Raditya Wibowo: https://www.linkedin.com/in/raditya-wibowo-a0845436/?originalSubdomain=id• Sidu Ponnappa on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sidup• Leveraging mentors to uplevel your career | Jules Walter (YouTube, Slack): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/leveraging-mentors-to-uplevel-your• Kevin Aluwi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaluwi/• Workday: https://www.workday.com/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Small Data: The Tiny Clues That Uncover Huge Trends: https://www.amazon.com/Small-Data-Clues-Uncover-Trends/dp/1250080681• Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World: https://www.amazon.com/Originals-How-Non-Conformists-Move-World/dp/014312885X• Thinking, Fast and Slow: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman/dp/0374533555• Miss Congeniality on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Miss-Congeniality-Sandra-Bullock/dp/B002R5HQDK• Schitt’s Creek on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Schitts-Creek/dp/B083LDRW9F• DramaBox: https://www.dramaboxapp.com/• Am I Overthinking This?: Over-Answering Life’s Questions in 101 Charts: https://www.amazon.com/Am-Overthinking-This-Over-answering-questions/dp/1452175861/• Crazy Rich Asians on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Crazy-Rich-Asians-Constance-Wu/dp/B07JGJFXBF• 9 Best Hawker Centers in Singapore—and What to Eat There: https://www.afar.com/magazine/best-hawker-centers-in-singapore-and-what-to-eat-there—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Hamilton Helmer is one of the world’s leading experts on business strategy and the author of the seminal book 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy, which provides a comprehensive framework for understanding what it really takes to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. With more than three decades of experience in the strategic consulting industry, Hamilton has advised over 200 companies—from burgeoning startups to Fortune 100 giants—on how to identify, build, and leverage their unique strategic powers. In our conversation, we discuss:• Potential sources of power that startups should develop from an early stage• Common misconceptions among companies about the types of power they possess• How power relates to strategy• The difference between a moat and a power• Practical strategies for non-leaders to leverage insights about power and strategy in their work• AI’s impact on competitive advantages and barriers to entry—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—Modern identity platform for B2B SaaS, free up to 1 million MAUs• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• Paragon—Ship every SaaS integration your customers want—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/business-strategy-with-hamilton-helmer—Where to find Hamilton Helmer:• X: https://twitter.com/hamiltonhelmer• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hamilton-helmer-42983/• Website: https://7powers.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Hamilton’s background(04:08) When power becomes important(08:24) How strategy relates to power(12:09) How power informs strategy(14:46) The sequence of powers(21:13) Common misconceptions(24:39) Network effects vs. network economies(26:58) Uber’s success(29:16) Moats vs. powers(31:12) Strategies for non-leaders to leverage power and strategy(37:51) Advice on how to become a strategic thinker(39:27) AI’s impact on the seven powers(45:43) Why moving fast is not a power(50:24) Three things that create value in a company(51:16) The debt trajectory of the U.S.(56:35) Optimism for the future(59:25) Lightning round—Referenced:• 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/7-Powers-Foundations-Business-Strategy/dp/0998116319• John von Neumann: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann• Pearl Harbor: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor• Where the Japanese Went Wrong at Pearl Harbor: https://pearlharbor.org/blog/where-japanese-went-wrong-pearl-harbor/• The ‘7 Powers’ of business success—from one of Netflix’s early investors: https://www.qualitycompounders.com.au/post/the-7-powers-of-business-success-from-one-of-netflix-s-early-investors• 7 Powers: Foundations of Business Strategy (Key Takeaways): https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-powers-foundations-business-strategy-key-takeaways-nikita-maloo/• Strategy Capital: https://strategycapital.com/• Warren Buffett: https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett/• Charlie Munger: https://www.forbes.com/profile/charles-munger/• Poor Charlie’s Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger: https://www.stripe.press/poor-charlies-almanack• Bill Gates reveals why Warren Buffett was an invaluable source of support during the stormiest period of his career: https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-interview-warren-buffett-support-microsoft-antitrust-lawsuit-2019-6•  Billionaire Warren Buffett’s Secret Love Affair With Castles, Revealed: https://www.thestreet.com/opinion/billionaire-warren-buffett-s-secret-love-affair-with-castles-revealed-14290973• Netflix didn’t kill Blockbuster—how Netflix almost lost the movie rental wars: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/22/how-netflix-almost-lost-the-movie-rental-wars-to-blockbuster.html• Michael Porter on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/professorporter/• What Is Strategy?: https://hbr.org/1996/11/what-is-strategy• TSMC: https://www.tsmc.com/english• Toyota Production System: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Production_System• America will be left with ‘severe, irreversible scars’ if national debt goes unchecked. Now, a blockbuster report warns the bill is higher than believed, hitting $141T by 2054: https://fortune.com/2024/04/01/america-social-economic-scars-us-debt-gomes-price/• Ben S. Bernanke: https://www.federalreservehistory.org/people/ben-s-bernanke• Forty-four of 50 U.S. states worsen inequality with ‘upside-down’ taxes: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/jan/10/states-wealth-inequality-taxes• Joseph A. Schumpeter: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schumpeter• Theory of Economic Development: https://www.amazon.com/Theory-Economic-Development-Science-Classics/dp/0878556982• The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe: https://www.amazon.com/Road-Reality-Complete-Guide-Universe/dp/0679776311• The Gene: An Intimate History: https://www.amazon.com/Gene-Intimate-History-Siddhartha-Mukherjee/dp/147673352X• American Fiction on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/American-Fiction-Jeffrey-Wright/dp/B0CQKR72NX• Farahan Sarouk rugs: https://nazmiyalantiquerugs.com/persian-sarouk-farahan-rugs/• Rory Sutherland on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rorysutherland• Ogilvy: https://www.ogilvy.com/• Clint Eastwood quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/clint_eastwood_168005• Winston Churchill: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill• Michelangelo, God’s Architect: The Story of His Final Years and Greatest Masterpiece: https://www.amazon.com/Michelangelo-Gods-Architect-Greatest-Masterpiece/dp/0691195498• The Last Judgment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)• Theodore Roosevelt: https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/theodore-roosevelt/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Annie Duke is a former professional poker player, a decision-making expert, and a special partner at First Round Capital. She is the author of Thinking in Bets (a national bestseller) and Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away and the co-founder of the Alliance for Decision Education, a nonprofit whose mission is to improve lives by empowering students through decision skills education. In our conversation, we cover:• What Annie learned from the late Daniel Kahneman• The power of pre-mortems and “kill criteria”• The relationship between money and happiness• The power of “mental time travel”• The nominal group technique for better decision quality• How First Round Capital improved their decision-making process• Many tactical decision-making frameworks—Brought to you by:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• UserTesting—Human understanding. Human experiences.• LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/making-better-decisions-annie-duke—Where to find Annie Duke:• X: https://twitter.com/AnnieDuke• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/annie-duke/• Website: https://www.annieduke.com/• Substack: https://www.annieduke.com/substack/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Annie’s background(03:53) Lessons from Daniel Kahneman: humility, curiosity, and open-mindedness(09:15) The importance of unconditional love in parenting(15:15) Mental time travel and “nevertheless”(20:06) The extent of improvement possible in decision-making (24:54) Independent brainstorming for better decisions(35:36) Making sure people feel heard(42:41) The “3Ds” framework to make better decisions(44:49) Decision quality(55:46) Improving decision-making at First Round Capital(01:05:05) Using pre-mortems and kill criteria(01:10:15) Making explicit what’s implicit(01:10:55) The challenges of quitting and knowing when to walk away(01:19:23) Where to find Annie—Referenced:• Daniel Kahneman, Who Plumbed the Psychology of Economics, Dies at 90: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/27/business/daniel-kahneman-dead.html• Adversarial collaboration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adversarial_collaboration• Does more money correlate with greater happiness?: https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/does-more-money-correlate-greater-happiness-Penn-Princeton-research#• Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36857342/• Strategic decisions: When can you trust your gut?: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/strategic-decisions-when-can-you-trust-your-gut• Cass Sunstein on X: https://twitter.com/CassSunstein• Dr. Becky on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drbeckyatgoodinside• A framework for finding product-market fit | Todd Jackson (First Round Capital): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-framework-for-finding-product-market• First Round Capital: https://firstround.com/• Brett Berson on X: https://twitter.com/brettberson• Renegade Partners: https://www.renegadepartners.com/• Renata Quintini on X: https://twitter.com/rquintini• Roseanne Wincek on X: https://twitter.com/imthemusic• Josh Kopelman on X: https://twitter.com/joshk• Bill Trenchard on X: https://twitter.com/btrenchard• Linnea Gandhi on X: https://twitter.com/linneagandhi• Maurice Schweitzer on X: https://twitter.com/me_schweitzer• Problems with premortems: https://sjdm.org/presentations/2021-Poster-Gandhi-Linnea-debiasing-premortem-selfserving~.pdf• Create a Solid Plan on How to Fail Big This Year: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesfinancecouncil/2020/02/07/create-a-solid-plan-on-how-to-fail-big-this-year/• Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away: https://www.amazon.com/Quit-Power-Knowing-When-Walk/dp/0593422996/• Richard Thaler on X: https://twitter.com/R_Thaler• Stewart Butterfield on X: https://twitter.com/stewart• Glitch: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glitch_(video_game)• How the Founder of Slack & Flickr Turned Colossal Failures into Billion-Dollar Companies: https://medium.com/swlh/how-the-founder-of-slack-flickr-turned-failures-into-million-and-billion-dollar-companies-7bcaf0d35d66• The Most Fascinating Profile You’ll Ever Read About a Guy and His Boring Startup: https://www.wired.com/2014/08/the-most-fascinating-profile-youll-ever-read-about-a-guy-and-his-boring-startup/• The Alliance for Decision Education: https://alliancefordecisioneducation.org/• Make Better Decisions course on Maven: https://maven.com/annie-duke/make-better-decisions—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kayvon Beykpour was the longest-serving head of product at Twitter and was GM of Twitter’s consumer division until the platform was acquired by Elon Musk. He originally joined Twitter in 2015 through the acquisition of his company, Periscope, the largest live video streaming platform at the time. Periscope pioneered technology that inspired Instagram Live, TikTok Live, Facebook Live, and other social networks’ expansion into video streaming. In our conversation, we discuss:• The story of being let go from Twitter after Elon’s acquisition• How he turned Twitter’s stagnant culture around• Kayvon’s thoughts on the limitations of frameworks like Jobs to Be Done• Why Periscope failed• Advice for building consumer products• When to copy, when to innovate—Brought to you by:• Enterpret—Transform customer feedback into product growth• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster• Heap—Cross-platform product analytics that convert, engage, and retain customers—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/twitters-former-head-of-product-kayvon-beykpour—Where to find Kayvon Beykpour:• X: https://twitter.com/kayvz• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kayvz/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kayvon’s background(04:31) Getting Elon up to speed at Twitter(11:34) The story of being let go from Twitter after Elon’s acquisition(21:09) Changing the product culture at Twitter(29:44) Building the “hide replies” feature(32:02) Sacred crows, taking bold bets, and reigniting growth(34:28) Aquihires and their impact(42:40) Tips for successful acquisitions and staffing(47:00) The limitations of frameworks like JTBD(53:20) Signs you’ve gone too far with a framework(57:44) Lessons from building Periscope(01:00:41) Reasons why Periscope failed(01:07:24) The challenges of implementing video at Twitter(01:12:05) Copying ideas in good taste(01:17:58) How to get better at building consumer products(01:19:51) What Kayvon is building(01:20:31) Lightning round—Referenced:• Lessons on building product sense, navigating AI, optimizing the first mile, and making it through the messy middle | Scott Belsky (Adobe, Behance): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-on-building-product-sense-navigating-ai-optimizing-the-first-mile-and-making-it-through-t/• What it’s like to sell your startup for ~$120 million before it’s even launched: Meet Twitter’s new prized possession, Periscope: https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-periscope-and-why-twitter-bought-it-2015-3• Walter Isaacson on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/walter-isaacson-b8b81520/• Elon Musk on X: https://twitter.com/elonmusk• Parag Agrawal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/parag-agrawal-5a14742a/• Jack Dorsey on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jack-dorsey-a43b07242/• Blackboard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackboard_Inc.• Keith Coleman on X: https://twitter.com/kcoleman• Esther Crawford on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/esthercrawford/• Twitter acquires Chroma Labs: https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/twitter-acquires-chroma-labs-story-aqvcRPAoYXqXJuAbefA6cN.html• John Barnett on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnbarnettt/• Jobs to Be Done framework: https://jobs-to-be-done.com/jobs-to-be-done-a-framework-for-customer-needs-c883cbf61c90• Hot takes and techno-optimism from tech’s top power couple: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/hot-takes-and-techno-optimism-from-techs-top-power-couple-sriram-and-aarthi/• Nike Is Unveiling the Kobe 11 Tomorrow Using Periscope: https://sneakernews.com/2015/12/13/nike-is-unveiling-the-kobe-11-tomorrow-using-periscope/• Chris Sacca’s website: https://chrissacca.com/• Facebook Live: https://www.facebook.com/formedia/tools/facebook-live• Kevin Hart on X: https://twitter.com/KevinHart4real• Clubhouse: https://www.clubhouse.com/• Vine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine_(service)• Paul Davison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davison/• Rohan Seth on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rohanseth/• Cryptonomicon: https://www.amazon.com/Cryptonomicon-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0380788624• Reamde: https://www.amazon.com/Reamde-Novel-Neal-Stephenson-ebook/dp/B004XVN0WW• The Name of the Wind: https://www.amazon.com/Name-Wind-Kingkiller-Chronicle-Book-ebook/dp/B0010SKUYM• Star Trek official site: https://www.startrek.com/• Dune: part 2: https://www.dunemovie.com/• Oppenheimer on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-movies/oppenheimer• Tokyo Vice on Max: https://www.max.com/shows/tokyo-vice/e7d93204-7f98-4e62-ab52-6c1da053f942• Devs on Hulu: https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/devs• Nick Offerman on X: https://twitter.com/nick_offerman• 3 Body Problem on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81024821• Perplexity AI: https://www.perplexity.ai/• Particle: https://www.particle.news/• Crokinole board game: https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/521/crokinole—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Carole Robin spent over 20 years teaching the Stanford Graduate School of Business course Interpersonal Dynamics, affectionately known as “Touchy Feely.” After leaving Stanford, she founded a nonprofit called Leaders in Tech, which applies the Touchy Feely principles to help Silicon Valley executives build their leadership and interpersonal skills. Carole co-authored the popular book Connect: Building Exceptional Relationships with Family, Friends, and Colleagues, which shares key insights from her decades of teaching these courses. In our conversation, we discuss:• The benefits of building robust relationships, in life and work• The 15% rule, and how it will help you build better relationships• The power of vulnerability• Examples of how to practice vulnerability• Why mental models you build early in life hold you back later• The “three realities” and “the net”• The art of inquiry• Practical tips for avoiding defensiveness when getting feedback• The impact of long Covid on Carole’s life—Brought to you by:• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• The a16z Podcast—Featuring conversations with the founders and technologists shaping our future—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/build-robust-relationships-carole-robin—Where to find Carole Robin:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carole-robin/• Email: carolerobinllc@gmail.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Carole’s background(05:17) The importance of building robust relationships(10:20) The “Touchy Feely” course at Stanford(13:29) An example of the in-class experience(17:19) Leaders in Tech: developing interpersonal competence(21:36) Progressive disclosure and the 15% rule(24:28) Appropriate disclosure(26:52) The power of vulnerability(34:57) Admitting mistakes and sharing feelings(37:08) Understanding mental models(42:57) The “three realities” framework(53:52) The power of feedback and personal change(58:47) The art of inquiry(01:03:27) How to get better at giving feedback(01:07:47) Exercises and continued learning(01:10:49) “Advice hinders relationships”(01:16:49) Failure corner: AFOG(01:20:30) Takeaways(01:21:51) Lessons from long Covid—Referenced:• How to Build Better Relationships: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/how-build-better-relationships• Connect: Building Exceptional Relationships with Family, Friends, and Colleagues: https://www.amazon.com/Connect-Building-Exceptional-Relationships-Colleagues-ebook/dp/B0894279WZ• Leaders in Tech: https://leadersintech.org/• Leaders in Tech Fellows: https://leadersintech.org/learnaboutfellows• Steve Jobs: https://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs/• Sheryl Sandberg on X: https://twitter.com/sherylsandberg• Ursula Burns: https://www.forbes.com/profile/ursula-burns/• Application for Leaders in Tech: https://leadersintech.org/programs-and-applications• Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding Theory: https://www.simplypsychology.org/zone-of-proximal-development.html• The Best Leaders Aren’t Afraid to Be Vulnerable: https://hbr.org/2022/07/the-best-leaders-arent-afraid-of-being-vulnerable• The Surprising Benefits of Admitting Mistakes: 5 Ways to Build Intellectual Humility: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tracybrower/2021/12/29/the-surprising-benefits-of-admitting-mistakes-5-ways-to-build-intellectual-humility/• How to Build Conflict Skills—The Pinch/Crunch Model: https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahart/2023/12/15/how-to-build-conflict-skills-the-pinchcrunch-model/• Slides mentioned (The Three Realities Framework | The 15% Rule | Feedback Guidelines): https://www.notion.so/pen-name/Carole-Robin-on-Lenny-s-Podcast-dc7159208e4242428f4b11ebc92285eb• Mindset: The New Psychology of Success: https://www.amazon.com/Mindset-Psychology-Carol-S-Dweck/dp/0345472322• Management Time: Who’s Got the Monkey?: https://hbr.org/1999/11/management-time-whos-got-the-monkey• Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2• Leadership, acceptance, and self-management: my journey with long COVID: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/leadership-acceptance-self-management-my-journey-long-carole-robin/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Mihika Kapoor is a design-engineer-PM hybrid at Figma, where she was an early PM on FigJam and is now spearheading development on a new product at the company that’s coming out this June. She’s known as the go-to person at Figma for leading new 0-to-1 products, and, as you’ll hear in our conversation, beloved by everyone she works with. Her background includes founding Design Nation, a national nonprofit focused on democratizing design education for undergraduates; spearheading product launches at Meta; and community building within the NYC AI startup scene. In our conversation, we discuss:• How to effectively take ideas from 0 to 1 at larger companies• How to craft a compelling vision• The importance of vulnerability and feedback• The role of intuition and product sense in making decisions• How to practically communicate your vision• How to balance collaboration and strong opinions• Advice for building a strong team culture• Pivoting with grace and enthusiasm• The current AI revolution and its impact on PM—Brought to you by:• Paragon—Ship every SaaS integration your customers want• Lenny’s Talent Team—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/vision-conviction-hype-mihika-kapoor—Where to find Mihika Kapoor:• X: https://twitter.com/mihikapoor• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mihikakapoor/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Mihika’s background(04:29) Core attributes of great product managers(07:34) Crafting a compelling vision(12:12) The vision behind FigJam (18:25) Delivering a vision without design or engineering skills(21:52) Creating momentum(26:36) The importance of strong conviction(27:45) Direct communication(32:48) Building hype(42:20) Immersing yourself in user insights(47:16) Operationalizing user insights  (50:33) Caring deeply about what you build(54:01) Finding passion in your work(57:00) Building a strong culture(01:07:07) Pivoting with grace and enthusiasm(01:11:48) Design Nation(01:13:15) Mihika’s weaknesses(01:16:07) Building new products at larger companies(01:20:50) Coming up with a great idea(01:22:49) The key to going from 0 to 1(01:26:47) Spreading the idea across the company(01:29:15) Closing thoughts(01:32:11) Lightning round—Referenced:• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Sho Kuwamoto on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shokuwamoto/• The Medici Effect: What Elephants and Epidemics Can Teach Us About Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Medici-Effect-Preface-Discussion-Guide/dp/1633692949• FigJam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• Cognition: https://www.cognition-labs.com/• Devin: https://www.cognition-labs.com/introducing-devin• David Hoang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dhoang2/• Replit: https://replit.com/• The Making of Maker Week at Figma: https://www.figma.com/blog/the-making-of-maker-week/• Yuhki Yamashita on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuhki/• Jeff Bezos’ Simple Decision-Making Framework Will Give You Clarity, Conviction, and Courage: https://medium.com/illumination/jeff-bezos-simple-decision-making-framework-will-give-you-clarity-conviction-and-courage-adf8d0183625• Alice Ching on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aliceching/• Karl Jiang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karl-jiang-4a07424/• Kris Rasmussen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristopherrasmussen/• Config: https://config.figma.com/• Dev Mode: https://www.figma.com/dev-mode/• Asana: https://asana.com/• Julie Zhuo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/julie-zhuo/• StrengthsFinder test: https://www.gyfted.me/personality-quiz/strengthsfinder-test-free• Dylan Field on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanfield/• Vishal Shah on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishalnshah/• Design Disruptors: https://www.invisionapp.com/films/design-disruptors• Daniel Burka on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dburka/• Jamie Myrold on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jamiemyrold/• Design Nation: https://dn.businesstoday.org/• Stuart Weitzman on X: https://twitter.com/StuartWeitzman• Joe Gebbia on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jgebbia/• Building a long and meaningful career | Nikhyl Singhal (Meta, Google): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-a-long-and-meaningful-career-nikhyl-singhal-meta-google/• Jambot: https://www.figma.com/community/widget/1274481464484630971/jambot• Hestia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestia• Harry Potter series: https://www.amazon.com/Harry-Potter-Paperback-Box-Books/dp/0545162076• Pachinko: https://www.amazon.com/Pachinko-National-Book-Award-Finalist/dp/1455563927/• Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration: https://www.amazon.com/Creativity-Inc-Expanded-Overcoming-Inspiration/dp/0593594649• The Overstory: https://www.amazon.com/Overstory-Novel-Richard-Powers/dp/039335668X• Severance on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/severance/umc.cmc.1srk2goyh2q2zdxcx605w8vtx• Dune on Max: https://www.max.com/movies/dune/e7dc7b3a-a494-4ef1-8107-f4308aa6bbf7• Dune: Part 2: https://www.dunemovie.com/• Arc browser: https://arc.net/• Pika: https://pika.art/home• The power of recognition: Why you should celebrate your employees | Josh Miller: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/the-power-of-recognition-why-you-should-celebrate-your-employees-josh-miller/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Dalton Caldwell is Managing Director and Group Partner at Y Combinator. Prior to YC, he was the co-founder and CEO of imeem (acquired by MySpace in 2009) and the co-founder and CEO of App.net. During his time at YC, he’s advised more than 35 YC unicorns, including DoorDash, Amplitude, Webflow, and Retool, and has worked across 21 different YC batches. He’s also racked up more than 6,500 office hours with founders. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why founders need to adopt the mindset “Just don’t die”• The most common reason startups fail• When to pivot, and characteristics of a good pivot• The concept of “tar pit ideas” and examples of bad startup ideas• Why investors say no to startups• The importance of market size in investment decisions• The pitfalls of founders over-delegating• Effective ways to talk to customers• 20 ideas Dalton is looking to fund—Brought to you by:• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• Coda—The all-in-one collaborative workspace—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-1000-yc-startups—Where to find Dalton Caldwell:• X: https://twitter.com/daltonc• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daltoncaldwell/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Dalton’s background(04:41) The value of simple advice(07:04) Dalton’s advice: “Just don’t die”(08:39) Knowing when to stop(11:45) Deciding to pivot(14:26) Characteristics of a good pivot(17:53) Knowing when to pivot(19:03) Zip’s journey and finding a market(21:22) Why Dalton says to “Move towards the mountains and the desert”(23:45) Tar pit ideas(26:49) Understanding why investors say no(29:14) The importance of market size(32:16) Avoiding over-delegation and hiring senior people too early(36:43) Why startups fail(40:30) Effectively talking to customers(45:17) Examples of startups hustling to talk to customers(48:01) Patterns of successful startups(52:05) YC’s Request for Startups(55:37) Early days of Silicon Valley(01:05:33) Contrarian corner: growth hacking for early startups(01:09:28) Failure corner(01:11:15) Closing thoughts(01:12:22) Lightning round—Referenced:• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• Tiger Woods’s website: https://tigerwoods.com/• Co-Founder Mistakes That Kill Companies & How to Avoid Them: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dlfjs_eEEzs• Daniel Alberson’s LinkedIn post about Y Combinator: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/alberson_i-left-my-dream-job-as-a-product-manager-activity-7089677882431533056-jJ9H• Companies in Y Combinator W17 Batch: https://www.ycdb.co/batch/w17• Brex: https://www.brex.com/• Retool: https://retool.com/• Segment: https://segment.com/• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/• Whatnot: https://www.whatnot.com/• Andreessen Horowitz: https://a16z.com/• Airbnb’s CEO says a $40 cereal box changed the course of the multibillion-dollar company: https://fortune.com/2023/04/19/airbnb-ceo-cereal-box-investors-changed-everything-billion-dollar-company/• Rujul Zaparde on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rujulz/• Zip: https://ziphq.com/• Lu Cheng on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lu-cheng-973b7830/• Avoid these tempting startup tar pit ideas: https://www.ycombinator.com/library/Ij-avoid-these-tempting-startup-tarpit-ideas• Airbnb acquires Localmind to create crowdsourced advice about neighborhoods: https://skift.com/2012/12/13/airbnb-acquires-localmind-to-create-crowdsourced-advice-about-neighborhoods/• Foursquare: https://foursquare.com/• Razorpay: https://razorpay.com/• Total Addressable Market: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/total-addressable-market/• Lenny Bogdonoff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rememberlenny/• Milk Video: https://milkvideo.com/• Lessons from working with 600+ YC startups | Gustaf Alströmer (Y Combinator, Airbnb): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-working-with-600-yc-startups-gustaf-alstromer-y-combinator-airbnb/• How the most successful B2B startups came up with their original idea: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-the-most-successful-b2b-startups• Collison installation: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18400504• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Patrick Collison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickcollison/• John Collison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnbcollison/• Tony Xu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/xutony/• Grant LaFontaine on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/grantlafontaine/• Ryan Petersen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rpetersen/• Lessons on building product sense, navigating AI, optimizing the first mile, and making it through the messy middle | Scott Belsky (Adobe, Behance): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-on-building-product-sense-navigating-ai-optimizing-the-first-mile-and-making-it-through-t/• YC’s latest Request for Startups: https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/ycs-latest-request-for-startups• ERPs: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#new-enterprise-resource-planning-software• Commercial open source companies: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#commercial-open-source-companies• New space companies: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#new-space-companies• A way to end cancer: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#a-way-to-end-cancer• Spatial computing: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#spatial-computing• New defense technology: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#new-defense-technology• Bringing manufacturing back to America: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#bring-manufacturing-back-to-america• Better enterprise glue: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#better-enterprise-glue• Small fine-tuned models, as an alternative to giant generic ones: https://www.ycombinator.com/rfs#small-finetuned-models-as-an-alternative-to-giant-generic-ones• Reid Hoffman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/• Sam Altman on X: https://twitter.com/sama• Sean Parker on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/parkersean/• Owen Van Natta on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/owen-van-natta-444a7/• Marc Andreessen on X: https://twitter.com/pmarca• Picplz 1, Instagram 0 as VC firm Andreessen Horowitz chooses photo app rival: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS2587232395/• Gustaf Alstromer—How to Get Users and Grow: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9ikpoF2GH0• Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In: https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Yes-Negotiating-Agreement-Without/dp/0143118757• Founding Sales: The Early Stage Go-to-Market Handbook: https://www.amazon.com/Founding-Sales-Go-Market-Handbook-ebook/dp/B08PMK17Z1• Founder-led sales | Pete Kazanjy (Founding Sales, Atrium): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/founder-led-sales-pete-kazanjy-founding-sales-atrium/• The Sopranos on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-sopranos• The Wire on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-wire• Columbo on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Columbo-Season-1/dp/B008SA89HA• Oura ring: https://ouraring.com/• Apple watch: https://www.apple.com/watch/• SiPhox: https://siphoxhealth.com/• Dalton & Michael on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQ-uHSnFig5Nd98Sc9I-kkc0ZWe8peRMC• How Future Billionaires Get Sh*t Done: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ephzgxgOjR0• The Student’s Guide to Becoming a Successful Startup Founder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5KCB2p6SB8—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

David DeSanto is the chief product officer of GitLab, which is the largest remote-only company in the world. They share many of their team meetings on YouTube, and they’ve grown from being an open-source code management product competing with GitHub to a multi-product platform that covers security, compliance, continuous integration, project management, and deployment tools, many of which are infused with AI magic. In our conversation, we discuss:• How GitLab operationalizes transparency• The philosophy behind recording and sharing team meetings on YouTube• Their extensive public employee handbook• GitLab’s core value of having “short toes”• Challenges and advice for doing remote work well• Strategies for ensuring effective communication in a remote work environment• GitLab’s breadth-over-depth strategy• The company’s unique approach to AI• The value of using humor in high-stakes conversations—Brought to you by:• Orb—The flexible billing engine for modern pricing• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• Paragon—Ship every SaaS integration your customers want—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-gitlab-way—Where to find David DeSanto:• X: https://twitter.com/david_desanto• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ddesanto/• Threads: https://www.threads.net/@david.the.beard—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) David’s background(04:20) Maintaining an epic beard(05:29) Why GitLab publicly shares team meetings(09:49) The GitLab Handbook(11:30) GitLab’s issue tracker(14:29) How to successfully build a culture of transparency(18:11) Benefits of operating with transparency(19:55) The value of building in public(21:53) How GitLab implements their core value of kindness(25:16) What it means to have “short toes”(27:41) Other core values(32:16) Common reasons for not fitting in at GitLab(34:42) Advice for remote teams(42:04) Advice for getting into product(43:52) Advice for PMs who are struggling in a remote world(48:25) Specific tools that help with remote work(53:13) Time zones and remote work(57:18) Breadth-over-depth strategy(01:04:14) AI at GitLab(01:13:11) GitLab’s products and solutions(01:14:54) Lightning round—Referenced:• GitLab: https://about.gitlab.com/• UX Showcase—David DeSanto introduction to UX team and AMA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEdsmnVKNj4• The GitLab Handbook: https://handbook.gitlab.com/• Sid Sijbrandij on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sijbrandij/• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• GitLab issues: https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/issues/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• GitLab values: https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/values• GitLab organizational structure: https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/company/structure• GitLab direction: https://about.gitlab.com/direction/• Dogfooding: A simple practice to help you build better products: https://medium.com/agileinsider/dogfooding-a-simple-practice-to-help-you-build-better-products-b5954af4d5f7• The ultimate guide to adding a PLG motion | Hila Qu (Reforge, GitLab): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-adding-a-plg• Zigging vs. zagging: How HubSpot built a $30B company | Dharmesh Shah (co-founder/CTO): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-30-years-of-building• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Disruptive-Mainstream/dp/0062292986• Geoffrey Moore on finding your beachhead, crossing the chasm, and dominating a market: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/geoffrey-moore-on-finding-your-beachhead-crossing-the-chasm-and-dominating-a-market/• Open-core model: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-core_model• GitLab Duo: https://about.gitlab.com/gitlab-duo/• GitLab Docs: https://docs.gitlab.com/• Anthropic: https://www.anthropic.com/• GitLab Acquires UnReview to Expand Its DevOps Platform with Machine Learning Capabilities: https://about.gitlab.com/press/releases/2021-06-02-gitlab-acquires-unreview-machine-learning-capabilities/• Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less: https://www.amazon.com/Essentialism-Disciplined-Pursuit-Greg-McKeown/dp/0804137382• The Mission Critical Core/Context Model for Product Managers: https://secretpmhandbook.com/the-mission-critical-corecontext-model-for-product-managers/• The Devil’s Hour on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/the-devils-hour/umc.cmc.3zw4tyzd4lvor5mwhujms63x3• Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81458416• Taylor Swift’s The Eras Tour on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/TAYLOR-SWIFT-ERAS-EXTENDED-VERSION/dp/B0CP99SN2B• The STAR method: https://capd.mit.edu/resources/the-star-method-for-behavioral-interviews/• Artifact News: https://artifact.news/• Superhuman: https://superhuman.com/• Arc browser: https://arc.net/• An inside look at how The Browser Company builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/competing-with-giants-an-inside-look—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Todd Jackson is a Partner at First Round Capital. Before moving into venture capital, he played a crucial role as VP of Product and Design at Dropbox, guiding the company until its IPO in 2018. Prior to Dropbox, Todd led product management for Twitter’s Content and Discovery teams after selling his startup, Cover, to Twitter in 2014. Before Cover, Todd oversaw product development for Facebook’s Newsfeed, Photos, and Groups. He kickstarted his career at Google as an associate product manager and eventually led product for Gmail, witnessing its growth from beta to 200 million users. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why product-market fit (PMF) matters• First Round Capital’s four-part PMF framework• Level one: Nascent product-market fit• Level two: Developing product-market fit• Level three: Strong product-market fit• Level four: Extreme product-market fit• Examples of companies at each level• How to know if you’re stuck at a level, and how to get unstuck• What to change if you’re stuck: persona, problem, promise, and product• The goals and challenges at each stage—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—The modern API for auth and user identity• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-framework-for-finding-product-market—Where to find Todd Jackson:• X: https://twitter.com/tjack• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/toddj0/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Todd’s background(06:07) First Round Capital’s PMF framework(09:07) Why product-market fit is so important(11:02) Who can benefit from this framework(12:55) The product-market fit method(16:54) Broad overview of the framework(21:35) Level one: nascent product-market fit(33:16) The four P’s(39:13) Level two: developing product-market fit(49:13) Signs you’re stuck at level two, and what to do(55:12) Level three: strong product-market fit(01:00:17) Signs you’re stuck at level three, and what to do(01:02:22) Level four: extreme product-market fit(01:06:55) Rough timelines for each level(01:11:18) A quick recap of the framework(01:12:15) Diving deeper on the four P’s: what to do if you’re stuck(01:13:56) Dollar-driven discovery(01:25:11) Apply for the product-market-fit method program—Referenced:• First Round: https://firstround.com/• Twitter Acquires Cover: https://www.vox.com/2014/4/7/11625332/twitter-acquires-cover-an-android-mobile-startup• Dropbox: https://www.dropbox.com/• Rahul Vohra on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rahulvohra/• How Superhuman Built an Engine to Find Product Market Fit: https://review.firstround.com/how-superhuman-built-an-engine-to-find-product-market-fit/• How to validate your startup idea: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/validating-your-startup-idea• How the most successful B2B startups came up with their original idea: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-the-most-successful-b2b-startups• How to know if you’ve got product-market fit: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-know-if-youve-got-productmarket• A guide for finding product-market fit in B2B: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/finding-product-market-fit• Product-market fit method: http://pmf.firstround.com/• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Plaid: https://plaid.com/• Paths to PMF: https://review.firstround.com/series/product-market-fit/• WeWork: https://www.wework.com/• Casper: https://casper.com/• Vanta: https://www.vanta.com/• Christina Cacioppo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ccacioppo/• Ramp: https://ramp.com/• Velocity over everything: How Ramp became the fastest-growing SaaS startup of all time | Geoff Charles (VP of Product): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/velocity-over-everything-how-ramp-became-the-fastest-growing-saas-startup-of-all-time-geoff-charl/• Jack Altman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jackealtman/• Lattice: https://lattice.com/• Zachary Perret on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/zperret/• Positioning: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/positioning• Retool: https://retool.com/• David Hsu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dvdhsu/• Persona: https://withpersona.com/• Rick Song on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rick-song-25198b24/• Lloyd Tabb on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lloydtabb/• Looker: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looker_(company)• Jason Boehmig on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jboehmig/• Ironclad: https://ironcladapp.com/• Lessons in leadership | Scaling an org and tactical management advice | Jack Altman (Lattice): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZzXqf61mrQ• Filip Kaliszan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaliszan/• Verkada: https://www.verkada.com/• Ali Ghodsi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alighodsi/• Databricks: https://www.databricks.com/• Stripe Radar: https://stripe.com/radar• Stripe Atlas: https://stripe.com/atlas• Square Stand: https://squareup.com/shop/hardware/us/en/products/ipad-pos-stand-integrated-card-reader• Cash App: https://cash.app/• Square Checking: https://squareup.com/us/en/campaign/banking/checking• Square Loan: https://squareup.com/help/us/en/article/5654-get-started-with-square-capital• Casey Winters on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseywinters/• How to sell your ideas and rise within your company | Casey Winters, Eventbrite: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Josh Kopelman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jkopelman/• The art and science of pricing | Madhavan Ramanujam (Monetizing Innovation, Simon-Kucher): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/the-art-and-science-of-pricing-madhavan-ramanujam-monetizing-innovation-simon-kucher/• Simon Kucher: https://www.simon-kucher.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Claire Vo is the chief product officer at LaunchDarkly and the founder of ChatPRD, likely the most popular PM-specific AI product out there. Before LaunchDarkly, she was a longtime chief product officer at Color and Optimizely. Claire has founded and managed two other companies, Pretty HQ and Experiment Engine, the latter of which Optimizely acquired in 2017. In our conversation, we discuss:• Knowing what you want in your career and being clear about it• Finding your zone of genius and how to operate within it• How to maintain a fast pace in larger companies• How to make it easy for your boss to help you achieve your goals• Advice for navigating the tech industry as a woman• The role of a CPTO and the benefits it brings to organizations• Why she built ChatPRD• Tips for building your own AI tools• The impact of AI on product management and what skills will continue to be important—Brought to you by:• Orb—The flexible billing engine for modern pricing• Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/bending-the-universe-in-your-favor—Where to find Claire Vo:• X: https://twitter.com/clairevo• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/clairevo/• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@chiefproductofficer—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Claire’s background(04:50) How to achieve career progression(10:11) Avoiding promotion obsession(13:50) How Claire stepped into leadership roles(17:24) Operating in your zone of genius(23:03) How to maintain a fast pace(27:46) Setting a high bar for quality and talent(29:54) Normalizing feedback(33:09) Being a woman in tech(47:09) The role of a CPTO(54:19) Building ChatPRD(59:39) Tips for building a GPT(01:02:27) The impact of AI on product management(01:08:08) How AI is changing the product management role(01:14:36) Efficiency gains with ChatPRD(01:16:39) Contrarian corner: sales-led product organizations(01:20:11) Lightning round—Referenced:• LaunchDarkly: https://launchdarkly.com/• Define your zone of genius: Laura Garnett at TEDxMillRiver: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQ7_r2oWlrw• Energy Audit: https://beta.mocharymethod.com/blog-post/energy-audit• How to fire people with grace, work through fear, and nurture innovation | Matt Mochary: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary/• Radical Candor: From theory to practice with author Kim Scott: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/radical-candor-from-theory-to-practice-with-author-kim-scott/• Optimizely: https://www.optimizely.com/• GitLab: https://about.gitlab.com/• ChatPRD: https://www.chatprd.ai/• You should be playing with GPTs at work: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/you-should-be-playing-with-gpts-at• SpaceX’s Starship: https://www.spacex.com/vehicles/starship/• GitHub Copilot: https://github.com/features/copilot• Product management theater | Marty Cagan (Silicon Valley Product Group): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/product-management-theater-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/• High Growth Handbook: Scaling Startups from 10 to 10,000 People: https://www.amazon.com/High-Growth-Handbook-Elad-Gil/dp/1732265100• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212• Stripe Press: https://press.stripe.com/• Circe: https://www.amazon.com/Circe-Madeline-Miller/dp/0316556327• Poor Things: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14230458/• Mythic Quest on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/mythic-quest/umc.cmc.1nfdfd5zlk05fo1bwwetzldy3• Silicon Valley on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/silicon-valley• Chrysler Pacifica: https://www.chrysler.com/pacifica.html• Waymo: https://waymo.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Dharmesh Shah is the co-founder and CTO of HubSpot (currently valued at $30 billion) and one of the most fascinating founders I’ve ever met. Dharmesh is the keeper of HubSpot’s Culture Code, built ChatSpot (an AI chatbot built on top of HubSpot CRM) and a game called WordPlay (which grew to 16 million users), and also founded and writes for OnStartups, a top-ranking startup blog and community with more than 1M members. He’s also invested in 100+ startups including OpenAI, AngelList, Coinbase, and Dropbox. In our conversation, we discuss:• The biggest lessons he has learned from building HubSpot• The importance of leaning into your strengths• Dharmesh’s data-oriented approach to public speaking• How he developed HubSpot’s culture code• The decision-making process at HubSpot• His contrarian approach to building products• Why founders and product teams are all fighting the second law of thermodynamics• How “flash tags” can save your teams time• How to decide what ideas are worth investing in—Brought to you by:• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security• LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-30-years-of-building—Where to find Dharmesh Shah:• X: https://twitter.com/dharmesh• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dharmesh/• Website: https://dharmesh.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Dharmesh’s background(04:20) Fun facts about Dharmesh(06:31) His data-oriented approach to public speaking(11:45) Advice for adding humor to your presentations(15:28) Why he has no direct reports(18:46) You can shape the universe to your liking(20:02) Lessons from building HubSpot(23:43) Contrarian ways of running a company(37:26) Fighting the second law of thermodynamics (40:29) The importance of simplicity in running a business(45:22) Succeeding in the SMB market(50:29) Zigging when others are zagging(54:17) When it makes sense to go “wide and deep”(57:33) Using flashtags to communicate opinions(01:02:44) HubSpot’s decision-making process (01:09:41) Deciding what ideas to invest in(01:15:26) Defining and maintaining company culture(01:30:46) The potential of AI(01:37:03) Practical advice for learning AI(01:40:07) Where to find Dharmesh—Referenced:• WordPlay: https://wordplay.com/article/unlimited• ChatSpot: https://chatspot.ai/• Indian-origin entrepreneur buys ‘chat.com’ for over $10 million, then sells, donates $250,000 to Khan Academy: https://www.businesstoday.in/technology/news/story/indian-origin-entrepreneur-buys-chatcom-for-over-10-million-then-sells-donates-250000-to-khan-academy-382907-2023-05-26• Kipp Bodnar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kippbodnar/• The surprising metric presenters should analyze: https://lars-sudmann.com/the-surprising-metric-presenters-should-analyze/• SoloWare: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/dharmesh_for-3-decades-now-in-addition-to-my-day-activity-7166500611247583232-kZgb/• Brian Halligan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianhalligan/• First Principles: Elon Musk on the Power of Thinking for Yourself: https://jamesclear.com/first-principles• Peter Thiel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterthiel/• The second law of thermodynamics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics• What is an SMB?: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/SMB-small-and-medium-sized-business-or-small-and-midsized-business• Shopify: https://www.shopify.com/• Relentless curiosity, radical accountability, and HubSpot’s winning growth formula | Christopher Miller (VP of Product, Growth and AI): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/relentless-curiosity-radical-accountability-and-hubspots-winning-growth-formula-christopher-mil/• FlashTags: A Simple Hack for Conveying Context Without Confusion: https://www.onstartups.com/flashtags-a-simple-hack-for-conveying-context-without-confusion• What it means to “disagree and commit”: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16949021• A Simple Decision Framework: Debate, Decide and Unite: https://connectingdots.com/p/debate-decide-unite• Dharmesh Shah’s Frameworks for Creating a $1 Billion Net Worth: https://hakune.co/dharmesh-shah-networth/• Zip: https://ziphq.com/• The HubSpot Culture Code: Creating a Company We Love: https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/34234/the-hubspot-culture-code-creating-a-company-we-love.aspx• How defining values and culture helped Airbnb achieve worldwide success: https://lattice.com/library/how-defining-values-and-culture-helped-airbnb-achie• What is SQL?: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/sql/• GrowthBot: https://community.hubspot.com/t5/Releases-and-Updates/Meet-GrowthBot-from-HubSpot-Labs/ba-p/417985—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Matt Abrahams is a renowned communication expert, with decades of teaching, coaching, and consulting experience. At Stanford University, he teaches a business school class on strategic communication. Beyond academia, he’s a sought-after keynote speaker and consultant, guiding presenters from IPO road shows to prestigious platforms like TED, the World Economic Forum, and the United Nations. His acclaimed podcast, Think Fast, Talk Smart, garners millions of listeners, and his book, Think Faster, Talk Smarter, equips speakers with practical skills for impromptu success. With a previous bestseller, Speaking Up Without Freaking Out, Matt has empowered countless individuals to speak confidently and authentically. In our conversation, we discuss:• The concept of “daring to be dull”• The power of visualization to desensitize oneself to speaking situations• Managing negative self-talk• The WHAT structure for delivering toasts (why we are here, how you are connected, anecdote, thanks)• The ADD structure for Q&As (answer, detailed example, describe relevance)• Breathing techniques to reduce anxiety, such as the double exhale• Concrete speaking structures like What? So What? Now What? and the Four I’s (information, impact, invitation, implications)• Much more—Brought to you by:• Sprig—Build a product people love• Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision• Coda—Meet the evolution of docs—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-speak-more-confidently-and—Where to find Matt Abrahams:• X: https://twitter.com/tftsthepod• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maabrahams/• Website: https://mattabrahams.com/• Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/6ll0MwobDt1JW9gYaOONEo—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Matt’s background(04:50) Techniques for managing anxiety in public speaking(10:57) Dare to be dull(13:40) Reframing anxiety as excitement(16:08) Using mantras to boost confidence(18:45) Managing negative self-talk(20:03) Normalizing speaking anxiety(23:12) Using conversation as a communication technique(24:52) Using the double-exhale breathing technique(28:29) Getting present-oriented(29:46) Using tongue twisters(33:34) Broad advice for speaking on the spot(38:35) The PREP structure(38:59) The What? So What? Now What? structure(42:10) Toastmasters and improv(45:31) Getting better at small talk(51:05) The importance of sharing back(52:33) Giving feedback(56:31) Improving toasts and tributes(01:02:57) Mastering Q&A sessions(01:07:25) Apologizing effectively(01:09:29) Closing thoughts—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kunal Shah is one of the most well-known and admired product leaders in India. He is the CEO and founder of CRED, an Indian-based fintech startup valued at over $6 billion. Prior to CRED, he founded three other startups, including Freecharge, which he sold for over $400 million to Snapdeal. He has also been an advisor to India’s most influential organizations. In our conversation, we discuss:• The prevalence of successful Indian immigrants in top CEO roles across the tech industry• Why companies in India can grow DAUs but not ARPU—and what that means for building products for India• What most sets India’s market apart• Challenges and opportunities in the Indian market• The Delta 4 framework for building new products• Lessons from building CRED so far• The power of curiosity and second-order thinking• Lessons from failure—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—The modern API for auth and user identity• Orb—The flexible billing engine for modern pricing• Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/kunal-shah-on-winning-in-india-second—Where to find Kunal Shah:• X: https://twitter.com/kunalb11• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kunalshah1/• Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/@CRED_club—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kunal’s background(04:22) The Delta 4 framework(11:00) The success of Indian CEOs in the U.S.(19:55) Challenges and opportunities in India(23:04) DAUs vs. ARPU in Indian markets(25:50) The perception of time in India(27:55) The curse of focus in Asian markets(30:33) Challenges and opportunities in India (continued)(33:23) Lessons learned from building CRED(36:40) Profit pools can provide valuable insights into the values of a country(37:55) Founders’ role in company growth(39:55) Profitability and Indian business culture(43:24) Advice for staying positive amid criticism(44:41) The promising market in India(47:35) The power of curiosity(52:59) Who Kunal looks up to(55:31) Kunal’s favorite sources of content(58:42) Asking great questions(01:02:54) Contrarian corner: Wealth is nothing but storage of energy(01:05:26) Failure corner(01:08:57) Closing thoughts: Share your learnings(01:09:38) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Emilie Gerber is the founder and CEO of Six Eastern, a top PR agency that’s worked with over 100 tech companies, from stealth startups to publicly traded companies. Before starting her own firm, she worked at Uber, where she led PR for the business development team and B2B programs. Prior to that, she worked at Box on product communications, with a focus on product launches and partnership announcements. In our conversation, we discuss:• Why, and when, getting press is worth your time• Common misconceptions about the impact press can have• The second-order effects of press• Which areas each publication (TechCrunch, Axios, The Verge, etc.) cares most about• How to craft your pitch• How to find and reach reporters• How pitching press is different from pitching customers• The effectiveness of direct communication through social media versus traditional press—Brought to you by:• Sprig—Build a product people love• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-pr-emilie-gerber—Where to find Emilie Gerber:• Substack: http://onbackgroundintel.substack.com• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilie-gerber-59612230/• Website: https://sixeastern.com/• Email: hello@sixeastern.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Emilie’s background(04:56) The value of press and second-order effects(13:00) When press is not worth your time(17:01) Different publications and their suitability(25:36) Avoiding negative stories(27:23) Finding aligned podcasts and awards(31:12) Advice for reaching out to reporters(37:23) Controversial pitches(41:16) Avoiding category creation(43:26) Examples of pitches that have worked well(53:32) Pitching to Lenny(55:46) Effective pitching strategies(57:45) Improving pitch announcements(01:03:01) Press releases(01:07:06) Crafting a compelling story(01:09:43) Traditional press vs. newsletters, podcasts, and social media(01:15:50) Building a social media presence(01:17:51) How to get a Morning Brew feature(01:19:32) Advice on choosing a PR agency(01:22:25) Timing and budget for PR(01:25:39) Lightning round—Referenced:• Perplexity: https://www.perplexity.ai/• Who is Lenny Rachitsky? And what does he know that you don’t about making millions writing online?: https://www.fastcompany.com/90940453/lenny-rachitsky-newsletter-podcast-job-board-substack• 42-year-old brings in an average of $41,000 a month from his podcast and works on it just 5 hours a week: https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/11/lenny-rachitsky-podcast-brings-in-more-than-500k-a-year-heres-how.html• How This Newsletter Writer Got More Than 300,000 Subscribers, and Now Makes “Significantly More” Than He Did at His Day Job: https://www.entrepreneur.com/starting-a-business/how-this-newsletter-writer-got-more-than-300000/447172• Business Insider: https://www.businessinsider.com/• Contraline: https://www.contraline.com/• Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/• TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/• Axios: https://www.axios.com/• Fortune: https://fortune.com/• Term Sheet: https://fortune.com/tag/term-sheet/• The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/• Wall Street Journal: https://www.wsj.com/• New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/• Found podcast: https://techcrunch.com/tag/found/• Equity podcast: https://techcrunch.com/tag/equity-podcast/• VentureBeat: https://venturebeat.com/• Fast Company: https://www.fastcompany.com/• Clockwise: https://www.getclockwise.com• Shopify deleted 322,000 hours of meetings. Should the rest of us be jealous?: https://www.npr.org/2023/02/15/1156804295/shopify-delete-meetings-zoom-virtual-productivity• Shopify canceled all recurring meetings. Should you too?: https://www.getclockwise.com/blog/shopify-cancels-meetings• Shopify’s new meeting cost calculator is well intentioned—but it’s not addressing the issue: https://www.fastcompany.com/90930137/shopifys-new-meeting-cost-calculator-is-well-intentioned-but-its-not-addressing-the-issue• Matt Martin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/voxmatt/• Ramp: https://ramp.com/welcome• Corporate card start-up Ramp targets Bill.com with free payments software: https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/26/corporate-cards-ramp-targets-billcom-with-free-payments-software.html• Bill: https://www.bill.com/• Velocity over everything: How Ramp became the fastest-growing SaaS startup of all time | Geoff Charles (VP of Product): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/velocity-over-everything-how-ramp-became-the-fastest-growing-saas-startup-of-all-time-geoff-charl/• Column Tax: https://www.columntax.com/• Propel: https://www.joinpropel.com/• Gamma: https://gamma.app/• Gamma brings in $7M to bring the slide deck into the 21st century: https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/28/gamma-brings-in-7m-to-bring-the-slide-deck-into-the-21st-century/• NewBank: https://www.newbankusa.com/• Backed by a16z, Relay races to market with Zapier in its crosshairs: https://techcrunch.com/2023/10/11/relay-a16z-zapier-google/• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• Rajiv Ayyangar’s thread on X about tag lines: https://twitter.com/rajivayyangar/status/1758179077629100482• Entropy: https://entropytechnologydesign.com/• Money 20/20: https://www.money2020.com/• Jim Bankoff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimbankoff/• Ramping Up: https://www.notboring.co/p/ramping-up• Aaron Levie on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/boxaaron/• Aaron Levie on X: https://twitter.com/levie• Duolingo on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@duolingo• Morning Brew: https://www.morningbrew.com/• Tech Brew: https://www.emergingtechbrew.com/• HR Brew: https://www.hr-brew.com/• Mark Zuckerberg on Morning Brew Daily: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQqsvRHjas4&t=1309s• How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence: https://www.amazon.com/Change-Your-Mind-Consciousness-Transcendence/dp/1594204225• The Walking Dead on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70177057• Yellowjackets on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/yellowjackets/• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Apple Vision Pro: https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro• TNB Tech Minute: Startup Perplexity Challenges Google With AI Search: https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/tech-news-briefing/tnb-tech-minute-startup-perplexity-challenges-google-with-ai-search/984362d5-a8f0-48b4-8b55-ad7e570a74d2—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Noam Lovinsky has had a distinguished career in product, leaving an indelible mark at Facebook, YouTube, Thumbtack, and currently as the chief product officer at Grammarly. At Facebook, Noam helped establish the New Product Experimentation team; at Thumbtack, he was chief product officer; and at YouTube, he was one of the early product leaders overseeing the consumer experience. In our conversation, we discuss:• Challenges and lessons from reviving growth at YouTube and Thumbtack• Lessons from building Facebook’s New Product Experimentation team• Insights into Grammarly’s success• Knowing when it’s time to kill your project• Why diversifying your growth channels is critical• The power of visioning and storytelling in shaping product strategy• How to create space for innovation at large companies• The resilience and motivation of Grammarly’s team in Ukraine—Brought to you by:• Whimsical—The iterative product workspace• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-happiness-and-pain-of-product—Where to find Noam Lovinsky:• X: https://twitter.com/noaml• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/noaml/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Noam’s background(04:18) Noam’s lack of online presence(08:06) Lessons from YouTube: advocating for what’s best for yourself and the team(14:31) Prioritizing what’s best for the business(19:37) Knowing when it’s time to kill a project(21:47) Lessons from Thumbtack: diversifying growth channels and overcoming challenges(26:24) How Thumbtack turned growth around(31:44) Building Airbnb’s instant booking feature(35:28) Lessons from Thumbtack: team collaboration and product strategy(38:38) Lessons from Facebook: building the New Product Experimentation team(40:43) The importance of starting small and building community density(46:07) Advice for building a startup within a startup(48:52) Having an incentive system(49:34) Lessons from Grammarly: adapting to changing user needs and building for the masses(54:20) The scrappiness and profitability of Grammarly(56:56) The resilience and motivation of the Grammarly team in Ukraine(59:08) General career advice(01:01:02) When to pull back(01:02:58) Closing thoughts(01:03:56) Lightning round—Referenced:• Substack: https://substack.com/• Hunter Walk on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hunterwalk/• The rituals of great teams | Shishir Mehrotra of Coda, YouTube, Microsoft: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/• Salar Kamangar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/salar-kamangar-5a059712/• Grammarly: https://www.grammarly.com/• Thumbtack: https://www.thumbtack.com/• FRED on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/FRED• How Airbnb Proved That Storytelling Is the Most Important Skill in Design: https://www.inc.com/yazin-akkawi/the-surprising-technique-airbnb-uses-to-better-sell-an-experience.html• Google+: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%2B• Marco Zappacosta on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcozappacosta/• Bryan Schreier on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bryanschreier/• Whitney Steele on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/whitneydsteele/• David Shein on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidshein/• The magic of thinking big, by Lenny Rachitsky: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/the-magic-of-thinking-big-by-lenny-rachitsky/• What Seven Years at Airbnb Taught Me About Building a Business: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/what-seven-years-at-airbnb-taught• New apps, new experiences: NPE Team, from Facebook: https://tech.facebook.com/engineering/2019/7/npe-team-from-facebook/• The Origin Story of the BRC Trash Fence: https://journal.burningman.org/2016/05/black-rock-city/leaving-no-trace/the-origin-story-of-the-brc-trash-fence/• Nike opens high-tech research and innovation lab: https://www.just-style.com/news/nike-opens-high-tech-research-and-innovation-lab/• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/• Microsoft Copilot: https://copilot.microsoft.com/• How to grow a subscription business | Yuriy Timen (Grammarly, Canva, Airtable): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-grow-a-subscription-business-yuriy-timen-grammarly-canva-airtable/• “The cave you fear to enter holds the treasure you seek”: https://gointothestory.blcklst.com/the-cave-you-fear-to-enter-holds-the-treasure-you-seek-d624e28c3848• Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making: https://www.amazon.com/Build-Unorthodox-Guide-Making-Things/dp/0063046067• For All Mankind on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/for-all-mankind/umc.cmc.6wsi780sz5tdbqcf11k76mkp7• Fargo TV series on Hulu: https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/fargo• Arc browser: https://arc.net/• Competing with giants: An inside look at how The Browser Company builds product | Josh Miller (CEO): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/competing-with-giants-an-inside-look-at-how-the-browser-company-builds-product-josh-miller-ceo/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Marty Cagan is a luminary in the world of product. He’s the author of two of the most foundational books for product teams and product leaders (Inspired and Empowered), he’s the founder of Silicon Valley Product Group (one of the longest-running product advisory groups), and he’s almost certainly worked with more product leaders and teams than any human alive. Now he’s releasing his newest book, Transformed, which is sure to become a staple of tech-powered companies worldwide. Marty’s previous appearance on our show remains one of the most popular episodes to date. In this conversation, we discuss:• The rise of “product management theater”• Changes in the PM role post-ZIRP and the shift from growth to build functions• The disconnect between good product companies and online product advice• How over-hiring has created challenges in the product industry• The most important skills for PMs to build• How to know if you’re on a “feature team”• The potential disruption of product management by AI• Marty’s new book, Transformed: Moving to the Product Operating Model• Four new competencies required for successful product organizations—Brought to you by:• Sprig—Build a product people love• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/product-management-theater-marty—Where to find Marty Cagan:• X: https://twitter.com/cagan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cagan/• Silicon Valley Product Group: https://www.svpg.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Marty’s background(04:46) His take on the state of product management(12:08) Product management theater(18:33) Feature teams vs. empowered product teams(24:48) Skills of a real product manager(29:27) The product management reckoning is here(32:05) Taking control of your product management career(34:59) The challenge of finding reliable product management advice(40:18) The disconnect between good product companies and the product management community(44:23) Top-down vs. bottom-up cultures(47:06) The shift in product management post-ZIRP era(49:44) The changing landscape of product management(52:05) The disruption of PM skills by AI(55:56) The purpose and content of Marty’s new book, Transformed(01:02:05) The product operating model(01:08:27) New competencies required for successful product teams(01:11:25) Marty’s thoughts on product ops(01:15:13) Advice for founders who don’t want product managers(01:18:06) Lightning round—Referenced:• Transformed: Moving to the Product Operating Model: https://www.amazon.com/Transformed-Becoming-Product-Driven-Company-Silicon/dp/1119697336• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Customers/dp/1119387507• Empowered: Ordinary People, Extraordinary Products: https://www.amazon.com/EMPOWERED-Ordinary-Extraordinary-Products-Silicon/dp/111969129X• The nature of product | Marty Cagan, Silicon Valley Product Group: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/• Product Leadership Theater: https://www.svpg.com/product-leadership-theater/• Product Management Theater: https://www.svpg.com/product-management-theater/• Linear: https://linear.app/• How Linear builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-linear-builds-product• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• Mamas, don’t let your babies grow up to be coders, Jensen Huang warns: https://www.theregister.com/2024/02/27/jensen_huang_coders/• Epic Waste: https://www.svpg.com/epic-waste/• What is scrum and how to get started: https://www.atlassian.com/agile/scrum• CSPO: https://www.scrumalliance.org/get-certified/product-owner-track/certified-scrum-product-owner• PSPO: https://www.scrum.org/courses/professional-scrum-product-owner-training• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Continuous Discovery Habits: Discover Products That Create Customer Value and Business Value: https://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Discovery-Habits-Discover-Products/dp/1736633309• Shreyas Doshi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shreyasdoshi/• Ben Erez’s LinkedIn post: https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7168978777966891008/• Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/• The essence of product management | Christian Idiodi (SVPG): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-essence-of-product-management-christian-idiodi-svpg/• Making Meta | Andrew ‘Boz’ Bosworth (CTO): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/making-meta-andrew-boz-bosworth-cto/• Building a long and meaningful career | Nikhyl Singhal (Meta, Google): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-a-long-and-meaningful-career-nikhyl-singhal-meta-google/• Partners at SVPG: https://www.svpg.com/team/• Trainline: https://www.thetrainline.com/• Almosafer: https://global.almosafer.com/• Expedia: https://www.expedia.com/• Shopify: https://www.shopify.com/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• The ultimate guide to product operations | Melissa Perri and Denise Tilles: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-product-operations-melissa-perri-and-denise-tilles/• Understanding the role of product ops | Christine Itwaru (Pendo): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/understanding-the-role-of-product-ops-christine-itwaru-pendo/• Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making: https://www.amazon.com/Build-Unorthodox-Guide-Making-Things/dp/0063046067• What’s Our Problem?: A Self-Help Book for Societies: https://www.amazon.com/Whats-Our-Problem-Self-Help-Societies/dp/B0BVGH6T1Q• Rivian: https://rivian.com/• AI-1 airbag vest: https://www.klim.com/Ai-1-Airbag-Vest-3046-000• Leslie Lamport’s quote: https://quotefancy.com/quote/3702194/Leslie-Lamport-If-you-re-thinking-without-writing-you-only-think-you-re-thinking• Joan Didion’s quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/264509-i-don-t-know-what-i-think-until-i-write-it—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ray (Jiayi) Cao is the global head of product strategy and operations for monetization product at TikTok. Prior to TikTok, Ray spent six years at Google helping scale Google Shopping globally. In our conversation, we discuss:• TikTok’s internal culture and core values• How TikTok’s product team operates• How working at TikTok is different from working at Google• How TikTok rolls out to new markets• TikTok’s core principle of “context, not control”• How their sales and product teams work together• Lessons (and mistakes) from building TikTok’s early go-to-market team• The importance of hiring for quality rather than quantity• Insights on being successful on TikTok as a creator, a business, and an advertiser—Brought to you by:• WorkOS—The modern API for auth & user identity• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-tiktok-culture-strategy-monetization—Where to find Ray Cao:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jiayiraycao/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ray’s background(04:55) Cultural differences between Google and TikTok(08:24) Fine-tuning the algorithm for different markets(12:15) Examples of fine-tuning the algorithm(15:11) Core principles and values of TikTok(19:34) Hiring at TikTok(21:38) Embracing the “always day one” mentality(25:09) Collaboration between teams(28:38) Amazon’s cultural influence(31:14) Setting up the product organization for speed and innovation(35:38) Building the go-to-market team(40:18) What makes people successful at TikTok(43:02) Thoughts on putting in long hours(44:40) OKRs and planning at TikTok(49:12) Tips for how to be successful on TikTok(53:49) Tips for advertising on TikTok(01:04:03) Getting started with TikTok Ads(01:08:42) Common mistakes to avoid with TikTok advertising(01:09:44) Ray’s favorite TikTok account(01:10:54) Where to find Ray—Referenced:• TikTok: https://tiktok.com/• Google Shopping: https://shopping.google.com/• Eugene Wei’s blog: https://www.eugenewei.com/• TikTok and the Sorting Hat: https://www.eugenewei.com/blog/2020/8/3/tiktok-and-the-sorting-hat• How Netflix builds a culture of excellence | Elizabeth Stone (CTO): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-netflix-builds-a-culture-of-excellence-elizabeth-stone-cto/• Inside OpenAI | Logan Kilpatrick (head of developer relations): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/inside-openai-logan-kilpatrick-head-of-developer-relations/• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• Lead with Context not Control: https://www.svpg.com/lead-with-context-not-control/• Shuba on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@tiktokbrownchick• Duolingo on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@duolingo• Duolingo leagues: https://duolingo.fandom.com/wiki/League• CapCut: https://www.capcut.com/• Amanda Talijan (silent baby item reviews) on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@amanda_talijan/video/7321700482018233642—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Andrew Bosworth—or Boz, as most people know him—is the chief technology officer at Meta and head of Reality Labs, the company’s augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) organization, which he created in 2017. Boz joined Facebook in 2006 as their approximately 10th engineer, and in his 18-year tenure he built the original News Feed, Messenger, and Groups, as well as many early anti-abuse and infrastructure systems. At various times he has been the engineering director overseeing Events, Places, Photos, Videos, Timeline, Privacy, and more. Before Reality Labs, he ran the Ads and Business Platform product group, where he led engineering, product, research, analytics, and design, taking annual revenue from $4 billion to $40 billion in five years. Andrew currently leads Meta’s efforts in AR, VR, AI, and consumer hardware across Quest, Ray-Ban Meta glasses, and more. In our conversation, we discuss:• Stories from the early days of Facebook• Lessons from Meta’s downturn and recent turnaround• Meta’s culture of transparency• Boz’s thoughts on the Apple Vision Pro• Why communication is the job• Why you should regularly seek help from your manager• Lessons in setting incentives and avoiding their misuse• Why you should optimize for a variety in experience in your career• The importance of trusting your own expertise and not being swayed by external opinions• Stories of failures and personal growth—Brought to you by:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/making-meta-andrew-boz-bosworth-cto—Where to find Andrew Bosworth:• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/boz/• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/boztank/• X: https://twitter.com/boztank• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-bosworth-8247a01/• Website: https://boz.com/• Photography website: https://wardenshortbow.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Boz’s background(04:48) Fun facts about him(07:20) Early days at Facebook(11:11) Advice for founders(13:22) Leveraging leaders(19:27) Tips for communicating with managers(22:10) Transparency at Meta(27:01) The importance of clear guidelines(29:11) Involvement in the details(33:15) Building the News Feed(37:28) Passion and career growth(40:25) Exploring new opportunities(42:02) The value of variety in experience(45:01) Giving and receiving feedback(47:38) Boz’s tattoos(51:30) Communication is the job(01:00:47) Comparing VR headsets: Meta Quest 3 and Apple Vision Pro(01:10:41) Meta’s downturn and turnaround(01:16:10) Navigating org changes(01:20:43) Lessons from failure(01:26:33) Closing thoughts(01:29:57) Lightning round—Referenced:• Reality Labs: https://about.meta.com/realitylabs/• Quest: https://www.meta.com/quest/• Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses: https://www.ray-ban.com/usa/ray-ban-meta-smart-glasses• Taekwondo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo• 4-H: https://4-h.org/• David Copperfield’s website: https://www.davidcopperfield.com/html/• MC Hammer on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mchammer/• George W. Bush: https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/george-w-bush/• Fry’s Electronics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fry%27s_Electronics• Association for Computing Machinery: https://www.acm.org• Get It Done: https://boz.com/articles/get-it-done• Patrick Stewart on X: https://twitter.com/sirpatstew• The FB Exec Practice That Changed the Way I Lead (about HPMs): https://livingos.substack.com/p/fb-exec-hpm• Mark Zuckerberg on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/zuck• Chris Cox on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chris-cox-2896b841/• Javier Olivan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/javierolivan/• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• Eye of Sauron: https://lotr.fandom.com/wiki/Eye_of_Sauron• Ruchi Sanghvi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rsanghvi/• Eric Schmidt on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-e-schmidt/• Sheryl Sandberg on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheryl-sandberg-5126652/• Best Advice Sheryl Sandberg Received: If Offered a Seat on Rocket Ship, Get On: https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/newsmakers/best-advice-sheryl-sandberg-received-don-t-idiot-161459450.html• Veritas: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veritas• Communication is The Job: https://boz.com/articles/communication-is-the-job• Repetition does not spoil the prayer: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/repetition-does-spoil-prayer-constantine-constantinides-m-d-ph-d--1f/• Janet Lansbury’s website: https://www.janetlansbury.com/• Dr. Becky on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drbeckyatgoodinside• Boz to the Future Episode 18: The Future According to Matthew Ball: https://www.meta.com/blog/quest/boz-to-the-future-episode-18-matthew-ball-metaverse-epyllion/• Apple Vision Pro: https://www.apple.com/apple-vision-pro• Quest 3 headset: https://www.meta.com/quest/quest-3/• Virtual desktop: https://www.meta.com/experiences/2017050365004772/• Meta Horizon Workrooms: https://www.meta.com/experiences/2514011888645651/ • After trying the Vision Pro, Mark Zuckerberg says Quest 3 ‘is the better product, period’: https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/13/24072413/mark-zuckerberg-apple-vision-pro-review-quest-3• Lou Holtz on X: https://twitter.com/CoachLouHoltz88• Gell-Mann amnesia effect: https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_Amnesia_effect• “Wet streets cause rain”: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19026568• Michael Crichton on X: https://twitter.com/CrichtonBooks• AI research at Meta: https://ai.meta.com/research/• Llama 2: https://llama.meta.com/• Warren Buffett quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/warren_buffett_383933• Mark Slee on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mcslee/• Dave Fetterman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davefetterman/• Emacs and Vim: https://dev.to/george_udonte/emacs-and-vim-an-overview-for-beginners-2e65• Ami Vora on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amvora/• The Dream Machine: https://www.amazon.com/Dream-Machine-M-Mitchell-Waldrop/dp/1732265119• Alan Turing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing• Good Inside: A Guide to Becoming the Parent You Want to Be: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Inside-Guide-Becoming-Parent/dp/B09Y4WG7RJ• Dr. Becky’s website: https://www.goodinside.com/• The Mandalorian on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/series/the-mandalorian/3jLIGMDYINqD• Scott Trowbridge on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-trowbridge-b70866/• Dave Filoni on X:  https://twitter.com/dave_filoni• Jon Favreau on X: https://twitter.com/jon_favreau• Mercedes-Benz AMG EQS Sedan: https://www.mbusa.com/en/vehicles/model/eqs/sedan/amgeqsv4• Tracey Emin “Trust Yourself”: https://www.artsy.net/artwork/tracey-emin-trust-yourself• Tracey Emin on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/traceyeminstudio• Rick Rubin: Protocols to Access Creative Energy and Process | Huberman Lab Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpgqXCkRO-w• Ansel Adams: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansel_Adams—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Donna Lichaw is an internationally sought-after executive coach, keynote speaker, and best-selling author. She helps visionary founders, CEOs, and executive teams level up their leadership and scale their impact while staying true to their mission, purpose, and themselves. Donna works with leaders at companies like Google, Disney, Twitter, Microsoft, Mailchimp, and Adobe, as well as a plethora of mission-driven startups and nonprofits. In our conversation, we discuss:• How our personal narratives influence our success and failure• Why identifying your superpowers (and kryptonite) is so important, and how to do it• The value of doubling down on your strengths rather than trying to fix weaknesses• How to acknowledge and reframe feelings of impostor syndrome• The Double Diamond framework for personal growth and goal-setting• The power of visualization and how it can fuel motivation and creativity—Brought to you by:• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster• Sendbird—The (all-in-one) communications API platform for mobile apps• Sprig—Build a product people love—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-discover-your-superpowers—Where to find Donna Lichaw:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dlichaw/• Website: https://www.donnalichaw.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Donna’s background(04:25) Donna’s origin story and transition to coaching(08:38) The power of storytelling in leadership(11:36) Becoming the hero of your own story(14:49) Changing your story(21:19) Understanding and shifting others’ stories(25:41) Imposter syndrome(31:28) Exploring different types of kryptonite(36:41) Identifying and leveraging strengths(43:53) Identifying superpowers(56:39) Running experiments(01:01:52) Using product frameworks for personal growth(01:12:41) Identifying subconscious goals(01:15:27) Envisioning impact(01:16:44) Lightning round—Referenced:• The Leader’s Journey: Transforming Your Leadership to Achieve the Extraordinary: https://www.amazon.com/Leaders-Journey-Transforming-Leadership-Extraordinary/dp/1959029134• Effective Leadership Is Transformational, by Ken Blanchard: https://www.chieflearningofficer.com/2019/06/13/effective-leadership-is-transformational/• Ken Blanchard’s website: https://www.blanchard.com/• How to write a kickass README: https://dev.to/scottydocs/how-to-write-a-kickass-readme-5af9• This Week #5: Overcoming impostor syndrome, introducing growth to an org, and how to partner with your Data Scientist: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/this-week-overcoming-impostor-syndrome• Community Wisdom: Dealing with impostor syndrome as a PM: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/community-wisdom-dealing-with-impostor• Stuart Smalley: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Smalley• Kryptonite: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryptonite• How Dyslexic Thinking Gives Entrepreneurs a Competitive Edge: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisoncoleman/2023/05/16/how-dyslexic-thinking-gives-entrepreneurs-a-competitive-edge/• Characterizing Creative Thinking and Creative Achievements in Relation to Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9283685/• Robert Iger: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/leaders/robert-a-iger/• CliftonStrengths test: https://www.gallup.com/cliftonstrengths/en/252137/home.aspx• VIA Character Strengths: https://www.viacharacter.org/• How to fire people with grace, work through fear, and nurture innovation | Matt Mochary (CEO coach): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary-ceo-coach/•10 Steve Jobs Quotes That’ll Stick With You Long After You Read Them: https://www.themuse.com/advice/10-steve-jobs-quotes-thatll-stick-with-you-long-after-you-read-them• Gestalt coaching: https://gestaltcenterforcoaching.com/• Gestalt therapy: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/gestalt-therapy• Head, Heart and Hands: http://creatingminds.org/tools/head_heart_hands.htm• Managing nerves, anxiety, and burnout | Jonny Miller (Nervous System Mastery): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/managing-nerves-anxiety-and-burnout-jonny-miller-nervous-system-mastery/• The User’s Journey: Storymapping Products That People Love: https://www.amazon.com/Users-Journey-Storymapping-Products-People/dp/1933820314• For All Mankind on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/for-all-mankind/umc.cmc.6wsi780sz5tdbqcf11k76mkp7• Ted Lasso on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/umc.cmc.vtoh0mn0xn7t3c643xqonfzy• The Art of Possibility: Transforming Professional and Personal Life: https://www.amazon.com/Art-Possibility-Transforming-Professional-Personal/dp/0142001104• IMPRESA Monkey Noodle Stretchy String Fidget/Sensory Toys: https://www.amazon.com/IMPRESA-Glitter-Stretchy-Phthalate-Latex-Free/dp/B0868X6NRQ• Dolly Parton quote: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/21268-find-out-who-you-are-and-do-it-on-purpose• Donna’s favorite fidgets: https://pen-name.notion.site/Donna-Lichaw-s-Favorite-Fidgets-f84f241d31704a498d71d3502af1821b?pvs=4—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Elizabeth Stone is the chief technology officer of Netflix. She previously served as vice president of product data science and engineering, and as vice president of data and insights, at Netflix. Before Netflix, Elizabeth was vice president of science at Lyft, chief operating officer at Nuna, a trader at Merrill Lynch, and an economist at Analysis Group. In our conversation, we discuss:• Elizabeth’s advice for career advancement• Netflix’s unique high-performance culture• How, and why, Netflix maintains a high bar for excellence• Intentional leadership practices• How to foster an “open door” culture within your team• The Keeper Test and how it contributes to maintaining a high bar for excellence• The power of transparent communication• Much more—Brought to you by:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• Sendbird—The (all-in-one) communications API platform for mobile apps• Explo—Embed customer-facing analytics in your product—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-netflix-builds-a-culture-of-excellence—Where to find Elizabeth Stone:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabeth-stone-608a754/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Elizabeth’s background(04:36) Life as CTO vs. VP of Data(05:57) The role of economists in tech companies(08:32) Using economics to understand incentives(10:07) Success and career growth(20:15) Setting expectations(25:02) Advice for how to avoid burnout(27:44) Netflix culture: high talent density(30:31) Netflix culture: candor and directness(31:45) The Keeper Test(39:01) Maintaining a high bar for excellence(43:54) Netflix culture: freedom and responsibility(46:18) Unconventional processes at Netflix(47:55) Examples of candor(51:44) Data and insights team structure(01:00:12) Staying close to teams(01:02:31) Advice on being present(01:07:40) Lightning round—Referenced:• What to Know About the Netflix Cup, Today’s First-Ever Live Sports Event: https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/netflix-cup-live-event-date-news• Ann Miura Ko interview | The Tim Ferriss Show (Podcast): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2GO0Ks_VGg• Netflix culture: https://jobs.netflix.com/culture• No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention: https://www.amazon.com/No-Rules-Netflix-Culture-Reinvention/dp/1984877860• Reed Hastings on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reedhastings/• Netflix’s “Keeper Test” and Why You Need It | Lorne Rubis: https://www.highlights.lornerubis.com/2015/08/the-netflix-keeper-test-and-the-courage-to-take-it/• The Hunger Games: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunger_Games• Nan Yu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thenanyu/• Work Life Philosophy: https://jobs.netflix.com/work-life-philosophy• The Scoop: Netflix’s historic introduction of levels for software engineers: https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/netflix-levels/• Chaos Monkey: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Chaos-Monkey• Ali Rauh on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ali-rauh/• Keith Henwood on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keith-henwood/• Jeff Bezos’ Morning Routine of Puttering Around—How It Works: https://medium.com/illumination/jeff-bezos-morning-routine-of-puttering-around-how-it-works-9d73f359ac8d• What I Talk About When I Talk About Running: A Memoir: https://www.amazon.com/What-Talk-About-When-Running/dp/0307389839• A Fine Balance: https://www.amazon.com/Fine-Balance-Rohinton-Mistry/dp/140003065X• Triangle of Sadness on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/triangle-of-sadness-f60937bd-45f4-469a-938f-db95026953a1• Beef on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81447461• Fellow pour-over coffee set: https://fellowproducts.com/products/stagg-xf-pour-over-set• Peloton bikes: https://www.onepeloton.com/shop/bike—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jason Lemkin created and runs SaaStr, the world’s largest community for B2B/SaaS founders, and is the managing director of SaaStr Fund, a $90 million venture capital firm specializing in early-stage enterprise investments. He is also the mastermind behind two major tech conferences each year—one in the Bay Area, drawing in over 15,000 people, and another in Europe, with a crowd of more than 3,000 SaaS executives, founders, and entrepreneurs. Before SaaStr, Jason wore many hats: CEO and co-founder of EchoSign (later bought by Adobe), vice president at Adobe Systems, co-founder and president of NanoGram Devices Corp., vice president of NeoPhotonics, and a senior director at BabyCenter. In our conversation, we discuss:• How far you should go without a salesperson• Signs it’s time to hire salespeople• Why you need to hire two salespeople• How to compensate your salespeople• How to interview salespeople• When to hire a VP of Sales• How to prevent their flaming out• How to scale your sales org• How to improve the relationship between your sales and product teams• Much more—Brought to you by:• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-a-world-class-sales-org—Where to find Jason Lemkin:• X: https://twitter.com/jasonlk• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonmlemkin/• Website: https://www.saastr.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jason’s background(06:18) The importance of sales in B2B businesses(11:23) Signs that you should start hiring salespeople(14:19) Attributes to look for in early sales reps(19:08) Hiring a VP of Sales(26:43) The role of a VP of Sales(30:06) Interviewing salespeople(45:16) Determining sales compensation and quota(53:34) Transitioning from 100% commission to a smaller percentage(56:58) Indicators of a hard-to-sell product(59:39) Scaling the sales organization(01:05:26) Understanding sales roles and titles(01:10:02) Product involvement in sales, and vice versa(01:20:32) Thoughts on product teams taking on P&L responsibilities(01:27:23) One thing founders can do to become better at sales(01:31:02) The ideal trial length for a free trial sales team(01:39:50) Closing thoughts(01:41:43) Lightning round—Referenced:• Marc Benioff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcbenioff/• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com/en/• Yamini Rangan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaminirangan/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Twilio: https://www.twilio.com/• Cloudflare: https://www.cloudflare.com/• GitHub: https://github.com/• Columbo: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1466074/• What is Davos and why is it important? Your guide to the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting: https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/01/15/what-is-davos-and-why-is-it-important-your-guide-to-the-world-economic-forums-annual-meeti• Adobe: https://www.adobe.com/• Satya Nadella on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satyanadella/• Glengarry Glen Ross on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Glengarry-Glen-Ross-James-Foley/dp/B002NN5F7A• The Wolf of Wall Street on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Wolf-Wall-Street-Leonardo-DiCaprio/dp/B00IIU9FQY• A step-by-step guide to crafting a sales pitch that wins | April Dunford (author of Obviously Awesome and Sales Pitch): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/a-step-by-step-guide-to-crafting-a-sales-pitch-that-wins-april-dunford-author-of-obviously-awesom/• Pipedrive: https://www.pipedrive.com/• Sam Blond on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sam-blond-791026b/• Gong: https://www.gong.io/• Zendesk: https://www.zendesk.com/• ZoomInfo: https://www.zoominfo.com/• Apollo: https://www.apollo.io/• Daniel Chait on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dhchait/• SAP: https://www.sap.com/• Lessons on building product sense, navigating AI, optimizing the first mile, and making it through the messy middle | Scott Belsky (Adobe, Behance): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-on-building-product-sense-navigating-ai-optimizing-the-first-mile-and-making-it-through-t/• VistaPrint: https://www.vistaprint.com/• Procore: https://www.procore.com/• Matt Mullenweg on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattm/• Wordpress: https://wordpress.com/• SaaStr University: https://app.saastruniversity.com/collections/20252• From Impossible to Inevitable: How SaaS and Other Hyper-Growth Companies Create Predictable Revenue: https://www.amazon.com/Impossible-Inevitable-Hyper-Growth-Companies-Predictable/dp/1119531691• Pavilion: https://www.joinpavilion.com/• Top 10 Learnings about Free Trials with Tomasz Tunguz: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfQNJpnxmMw• The Terminal List on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/The-Terminal-List-Season-1/dp/B09HYNH8TK• Top Gun: Maverick on Paramount: https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/top-gun-maverick• OpusClip app: https://www.opus.pro/• OnePlus Open smartphone: https://www.amazon.com/OnePlus-Dual-SIM-Unlocked-Smartphone-Hasselblad/dp/B0CHN7M531/• SaaStr conferences: https://www.saastr.com/events/• Marketo: https://go.marketo.com/about-marketo-landingpage-emea.html• Zoomtopia: https://zoomtopia.com/• Money20/20: https://us.money2020.com/• Shoptalk: https://shoptalk.com/• Jeff Lawson on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffiel/• Eric Kwan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erickwan/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky are the authors of best-selling books Sprint and Make Time. They have helped more than 300 teams design new products and bring them to market, including those at YouTube, Gusto, One Medical Group, and Slack. Jake and John are co-founders of the venture capital firm Character, where they support startups with capital and sprints. Previously, they were operating partners at Google Ventures and, before that, design leaders at Google, where John worked on Google Ads and YouTube and Jake helped build Gmail and co-founded Google Meet. In our conversation, we discuss:• “Busy bandwagon” and “infinity pools”• Creating one “highlight” each day• Their four-part framework for productivity• How to use the calendar to design your day• How creating friction can help you avoid distractions• Tips on creating a distraction-free phone• Strategies for managing email and distractions• The importance of reflecting on the day and making time for meaningful work• Design sprints—Brought to you by:• Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers• Whimsical—The iterative product workspace• WorkOS—The modern API for auth and user identity—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/making-time-for-what-matters-jake—Where to find Jake Knapp:• X: https://twitter.com/jakek• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jake-knapp/• Website: https://jakeknapp.com/—Where to find John Zeratsky:• X: https://twitter.com/jazer• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnzeratsky/• Website: https://johnzeratsky.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) About Jake and John(04:10) Recording the audiobook for Make Time(06:06) What people often get wrong when trying to become more productive(11:24) The busy bandwagon and infinity pools(15:22) Real talk: Jake and John’s productivity levels(20:10) The four-part framework for getting more done: Highlight, Laser, Energize, Reflect(25:15) Step 1: Highlight(28:08) Designing your day with a calendar(30:52) The Groundhog Day mentality(35:10) Tactical advice for implementing the highlight method(39:30) An example of a failed highlight(48:08) Step 2: Laser(51:12) Creating intentional friction to avoid distractions(57:28) Curating a distraction-free phone(01:07:58) Resetting expectations and slowing your inbox(01:14:51) Systems over willpower(01:18:14) Managing email distractions(01:18:49) Step 3: Energize(01:22:05) Step 4: Reflect(01:26:30) Introduction to Sprint—Referenced:• Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day: https://www.amazon.com/Make-Time-Focus-Matters-Every/dp/0525572422• Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days: https://www.amazon.com/Sprint-audiobook/dp/B019R2DQIY• Make Time blog: https://maketime.blog/• Make Time blog on X: https://twitter.com/maketimeblog• Character: https://www.character.vc/• Google Ventures: https://www.gv.com/• Character Labs: https://www.character.vc/labs• Strategies for becoming less distracted and improving focus | Nir Eyal (author of Indistractable and Hooked): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/strategies-for-becoming-less-distracted-and-improving-focus-nir-eyal-author-of-indistractable-and/• Groundhog Day on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Groundhog-Day-Bill-Murray/dp/B000SP1SH6• Reclaim.ai: https://reclaim.ai/• Feed Blocker for LinkedIn: https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/feed-blocker-for-linkedin/eikaafmldiioljlilngpogcepiedpenf• The Lord of the Rings: https://www.amazon.com/Lord-Rings-J-R-R-Tolkien/dp/0544003411• MagSafe charger: https://www.amazon.com/Apple-MHXH3AM-A-MagSafe-Charger/dp/B08L5NP6NG/• Nanit app: https://www.nanit.com/pages/nanit-app• Arianna Huffington’s Phone Bed Charging Station: https://www.amazon.com/Arianna-Huffingtons-Charging-Station-Walnut/dp/B0799ZG1LY• Cell Phone Lock Box with Timer: https://www.amazon.com/Portable-Android-Self-Discipline-Achieve-Addiction/dp/B0CG8V4YG3?th=1• The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9-5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich: https://www.amazon.com/4-Hour-Workweek-Escape-Live-Anywhere/dp/0307465357• The Economist: https://www.economist.com/• Odysseus: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Odysseus• Mailman: https://www.mailmanhq.com/• Future: https://www.future.co/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Miro: https://miro.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Logan Kilpatrick leads developer relations at OpenAI, supporting developers building with the OpenAI API and ChatGPT. He is also on the board of directors at NumFOCUS, the nonprofit organization that supports open source projects like Jupyter, Pandas, NumPy, and more. Before OpenAI, Logan was a machine-learning engineer at Apple and advised NASA on open source policy. In our conversation, we discuss:• OpenAI’s fast-paced and innovative work environment• The value of high agency and high urgency in your employees• Tips for writing better ChatGPT prompts• How the GPT Store is doing• OpenAI’s planning process and decision-making criteria• Where OpenAI is heading in the next few years• Insight into OpenAI’s B2B offerings• Why Logan “measures in hundreds”—Brought to you by:• Hex—Helping teams ask and answer data questions by working together• Whimsical—The iterative product workspace• Arcade Software—Create effortlessly beautiful demos in minutes—Find the transcript for this episode and all past episodes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-openai-logan-kilpatrick-headToday’s transcript will be live by 8 a.m. PT.—Where to find Logan Kilpatrick:• X: https://twitter.com/OfficialLoganK• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/logankilpatrick/• Website: https://logank.ai/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Logan’s background(03:49) The impact of recent events on OpenAI’s team and culture(08:20) Exciting developments in AI interfaces(09:52) Using OpenAI tools to make companies more efficient(13:04) Examples of using AI effectively(18:35) Prompt engineering(22:12) How to write better prompts(26:05) The launch of GPTs and the OpenAI Store(32:10) The importance of high agency and urgency(34:35) OpenAI’s ability to move fast and ship high-quality products(35:56) OpenAI’s planning process and decision-making criteria(40:22) The importance of real-time communication(42:33) OpenAI’s team and growth(44:47) Future developments at OpenAI(47:42) GPT-5 and building toward the future(50:38) OpenAI’s enterprise offering and the value of sharing custom applications(52:30) New updates and features from OpenAI(55:09) How to leverage OpenAI’s technology in products(58:26) Encouragement for building with AI(59:30) Lightning round—Referenced:• OpenAI: https://openai.com/• Sam Altman on X: https://twitter.com/sama• Greg Brockman on X: https://twitter.com/gdb• tldraw: https://www.tldraw.com/• Harvey: https://www.harvey.ai/• Boost Your Productivity with Generative AI: https://hbr.org/2023/06/boost-your-productivity-with-generative-ai• Research: quantifying GitHub Copilot’s impact on developer productivity and happiness: https://github.blog/2022-09-07-research-quantifying-github-copilots-impact-on-developer-productivity-and-happiness/• Lesson learnt from the DPD AI Chatbot swearing blunder: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/lesson-learnt-from-dpd-ai-chatbot-swearing-blunder-kitty-sz57e/• Dennis Yang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dennisyang/• Tim Ferriss’s blog: https://tim.blog/• Tyler Cowen on X: https://twitter.com/tylercowen• Tom Cruise on X: https://twitter.com/TomCruise• Canva: https://www.canva.com/• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• Siqi Chen on X: https://twitter.com/blader• Runway: https://runway.com/• Universal Primer: https://chat.openai.com/g/g-GbLbctpPz-universal-primer• “I didn’t expect ChatGPT to get so good” | Unconfuse Me with Bill Gates: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-Ymdc6EdKw• Microsoft Azure: https://azure.microsoft.com/• Lennybot: https://www.lennybot.com/• Visual Electric: https://visualelectric.com/• DALL-E: https://openai.com/research/dall-e• The One World Schoolhouse: https://www.amazon.com/One-World-Schoolhouse-Education-Reimagined/dp/1455508373/ref=sr_1_1• Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams: https://www.amazon.com/Why-We-Sleep-Unlocking-Dreams/dp/1501144324• Gran Turismo: https://www.netflix.com/title/81672085• Gran Turismo video game: https://www.playstation.com/en-us/gran-turismo/• Manta sleep mask: https://mantasleep.com/products/manta-sleep-mask• WAOAW sleep mask: https://www.amazon.com/WAOAW-Sleep-Sleeping-Blocking-Blindfold/dp/B09712FSLY—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Megan Cook is the head of product for Atlassian’s Jira software, which is used by 75% of Fortune 500 companies, has over 125,000 customers globally, over 15 different products, and is by far the most popular project management tool in the world. Megan has been at Atlassian for just under 11 years, and before this role, she was an analyst, a developer, and an Agile coach. In our conversation, we discuss:• How to get buy-in for your ideas• The value of starting small• How, and why, creating space for play is so essential• How Jira stays ahead of endless competition• Atlassian’s approach to launching new product lines• Tactical tips for making remote work, work• A personal failure and the lessons learned from it—Brought to you by:• Teal—Your personal career growth platform• Sprig—Build a product people love• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the transcript for this episode and all past episodes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-atlassian-launchingToday’s transcript will be live by 8 a.m. PT.—Where to find Megan Cook:• X: https://twitter.com/meganwcook• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cookmegan—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Megan’s background(03:50) Creating space for play and psychological safety on teams(07:36) Peer feedback groups(10:30) Sharing stories of failure(13:33) The “10 dollar” game for priorities(15:24) Advice on making remote work, work(24:16) Getting buy-in for your ideas(28:33) The importance of staying open-minded(34:05) A quick summary of how to get buy-in(36:45) Fighting the good fight(38:15) Identifying customer pain points(43:04) Starting small and showing success(46:08) Launching new product lines(53:35) Atlassian’s gated process for new product ideas(58:00) How Jira stays ahead of competitors(01:04:28) Learning from failure(01:08:30) Fight club(01:10:08) Lightning round—Referenced:• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Bitbucket: https://bitbucket.org/product• Ben Crowe on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ben-crowe-67299714/• Ash Barty on X: https://twitter.com/ashbarty• Atlassian’s blog, Work Life: https://www.atlassian.com/blog• Lessons learned: 1,000 days of distributed at Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/blog/distributed-work/distributed-work-report• New research: How to make time for the work that matters: https://www.atlassian.com/blog/distributed-work/calendar-redesign-experiment• Atlas: https://www.atlassian.com/software/atlas• Confluence: https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence• Lenny’s swag store: https://lennyswag.com/• What is CSAT and how do you measure it?: https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/customer/what-is-csat• The UX research reckoning is here | Judd Antin (Airbnb, Meta): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ux-research-reckoning-is-here-judd-antin-airbnb-meta/• Charlie Sutton on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charliesutton/• Nokia 6100: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_6100• Compass: https://www.atlassian.com/software/compass• Jira Product Discovery: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira/product-discovery• Canva: https://www.canva.com/• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Customers/dp/1119387507• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212• Foundation on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/foundation/umc.cmc.5983fipzqbicvrve6jdfep4x3• Foundation book series: https://www.amazon.com/Foundation-3-Book-Boxed-Set-Empire/dp/0593499573• Traeger smoker: https://www.traeger.com/shop/wood-pellet-grills—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jonny Miller is the founder of Nervous System Mastery, a course that has helped hundreds of founders and tech leaders cultivate calm, reduce nervousness, enhance resilience, and elevate their sense of aliveness. Having personally benefited from Jonny’s teachings, I’m especially excited to have him on the show. In this episode, we discuss:• How shifting your focus from the mind to the body can help ease nervousness• The power of breath in changing states• The importance of “interoception”• Specific breathing exercises to both calm and excite your nervous system• The A.P.E. (awareness, posture, and emotion) framework for recognizing body signals• The “feather, brick, dump truck” phenomenon• The concept of emotional debt and how to release it• The competitive advantage of feeling emotions—Jonny’s five-week boot camp, Nervous System Mastery, will equip you with evidence-backed protocols to cultivate greater calm and agency over your internal state. Learn to rewire maladaptive stress responses and improve your sleep (use code LENNY for $250 discount). Apply here.—Brought to you by:• Teal—Your personal career growth platform• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.• Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/managing-nerves-anxiety-and-burnout—Where to find Jonny Miller:• X: https://twitter.com/jonnym1ller• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonnym1ller/• Website: https://www.jonnymiller.co/• Podcast: podcast.curioushumans.com • Email: jonny@curioushumans.com• Course: https://nsmastery.com/lenny—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jonny’s background(07:19) The bottom-up approach to nervousness and anxiety(09:42) The power of breath in changing states(11:47) The concept of state over story(13:56) Personal experiences with nervousness(15:01) Breathing exercises to calm you down(20:40) The “espresso” breath exercise to give you energy(25:44) Interoception and the A.P.E. framework(34:47) The “feather, brick, dump truck” phenomenon(37:40) Recognizing emotional debt and avoiding burnout(40:47) Using somatic-oriented therapy for healing(45:26) Telltale signs of emotional debt(48:13) The competitive advantage of “feeling the feels”(50:20) Advice for people overwhelmed by stimuli(52:36) The NSDR (non-sleep deep rest) practice for emotional release(55:38) Daily practices for emotional well-being(58:23) Thoughts on meditation(01:01:26) The Body Keeps the Score(01:01:58) Contrarian corner(01:04:43) Lightning round—Jonny’s If [This] Then [Breathe] Recipes:• If [overwhelmed], then [hum]• If [anxious], then [breath of calm]• If [lethargic], then [espresso breath]—Referenced:• The Operating Manual for Your Nervous System: https://every.to/p/the-operating-manual-for-your-nervous-system• Afferent vs. Efferent Neurons: https://www.osmosis.org/answers/afferent-vs-efferent-neurons• Insular cortex: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex• Jonny’s TED Talk, “The gifts of grief”: https://www.ted.com/talks/jonny_miller_the_gifts_of_grief/details• Humming (Simple Bhramari Pranayama) as a Stress Buster: A Holter-Based Study to Analyze Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Parameters During Bhramari, Physical Activity, Emotional Stress, and Sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10182780/• 14-Minute Guided NSDR (non-sleep deep rest) practice: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjXX2c72fYY• Breathing Techniques to Reduce Stress and Anxiety | Dr. Andrew Huberman on the Physiological Sigh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSZKIupBUuc• Interoception: the hidden sense that shapes well-being: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/aug/15/the-hidden-sense-shaping-your-wellbeing-interoception• Exteroception: https://dictionary.apa.org/exteroception• Interoceptive Awareness and ADHD: https://chadd.org/adhd-news/adhd-news-adults/interoceptive-awareness-and-adhd/• Childhood Trauma Affects Stress-Related Interoceptive Accuracy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6813623/• The Hour Between Dog and Wolf: How Risk Taking Transforms Us, Body and Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Hour-Between-Dog-Wolf-Transforms/dp/0143123408• Somatic Experiencing: https://www.somaticexperiencing.com/• Hakomi Institute: https://hakomiinstitute.com/• Decisions and Desire (about Antonio Damasio’s work): https://hbr.org/2006/01/decisions-and-desire• When enough is enough | Andy Johns (ex-FB, Twitter, Quora): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/when-enough-is-enough-andy-johns-ex-fb-twitter-quora/• What Is Yoga Nidra?: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-is-yoga-nidra• Becoming Fully Yourself, What AI Wants, Family Rituals & Rites of Passage, with Kevin Kelly: https://podcast.curioushumans.com/episodes/becoming-fully-yourself-what-ai-wants-rites-of-passage-with-kevin-kelly• Tim Ferriss: https://tim.blog/• The Power of Sensations: Intermediate’s Vipassana Body Scan: https://insighttimer.com/carola.ananda/guided-meditations/the-power-of-sensations-intermediates-vipassana-body-scan-meditation• Vipassana Meditation: https://www.dhamma.org/en/index• The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma: https://www.amazon.com/Body-Keeps-Score-Healing-Trauma/dp/0670785938• Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma: https://www.amazon.com/Waking-Tiger-Healing-Peter-Levine/dp/155643233X• Consolations: The Solace, Nourishment and Underlying Meaning of Everyday Words: https://www.themarginalian.org/2015/04/29/david-whyte-consolations-words/• The 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership: A New Paradigm for Sustainable Success: https://www.amazon.com/15-Commitments-Conscious-Leadership-Sustainable/dp/0990976904/• The Conscious Leadership Group: https://conscious.is/• Recapture the Rapture: Rethinking God, Sex, and Death in a World That’s Lost Its Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Recapture-Rapture-Rethinking-Death-World/dp/0062905465• Kubo and the Two Strings on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Kubo-Two-Strings-Charlize-Theron/dp/B01K5BSWX0• Wolfwalkers on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/wolfwalkers/umc.cmc.amuoq00hqelfi98j0gvg641x• Scavengers Reign on Max: https://www.max.com/shows/scavengers-reign/50c8ce6d-088c-42d9-9147-d1b19b1289d4• Jerry Colonna on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jerry-colonna-reboot/• Ra Optics “Sunset” blue-light blockers: https://raoptics.com/collections/night-lenses• Nurosym vagal stimulation device: https://my.nurosym.com/vns1564/• Pulsetto vagal stimulation device: https://pulsetto.tech/new-year/?gc_id=20124962116&h_ad_id=686249897188&gad_source=1• Apollo vagus nerve stimulator: https://apolloneuro.com/products/apollo-wearable—Additional research:• Cellular allostatic load is linked to increased energy expenditure and accelerated biological aging: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453023003001• Somatic experiencing: using interoception and proprioception as core elements of trauma therapy: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00093/full• Relationship between interoception and emotion regulation: New evidence from mixed methods: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032718323723• Out-of-the-blue panic attacks aren’t without warning: body sends signals for hour before: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21783179/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Geoffrey Moore is an author, speaker, and advisor, widely known for his seminal book Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers, which many consider the most important book ever written on go-to-market strategy. Moore’s work is focused on the market dynamics surrounding disruptive innovations, and how one overcomes the challenge of transitioning from serving early adopters to the mainstream. In this episode, we discuss:• What “crossing the chasm” means• What steps to take before you try crossing the chasm• The importance of winning a marquee customer• The role of executive sponsors in the sales process• The differences between visionaries and pragmatists, and how to build for each• Geoffrey’s four go-to-market playbooks based on stage: Early Market, Bowling Alley, Tornado, and Main Street• The problem with discounting before crossing the chasm• “Deadly sins” to avoid when crossing the chasm—Brought to you by:• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• WorkOS—An API platform for quickly adding enterprise features• Arcade Software—Create effortlessly beautiful demos in minutes—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/geoffrey-moore-on-finding-your-beachhead—Where to find Geoffrey Moore:• X: https://twitter.com/geoffreyamoore• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geoffreyamoore/• LinkedIn posts: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geoffreyamoore/recent-activity/articles/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Geoffrey’s background(04:03) What people often get wrong about Crossing the Chasm(05:58) Finding your beachhead segment(09:29) The four inflection points of the technology adoption lifestyle(15:45) Geoffrey’s bonfire and bowling alley analogies(18:36) Steps to take before trying to cross the chasm(22:19) Signs you’re ready to cross the chasm(25:19) Advice for startups on where to start(27:31) Thoughts on venture capital(27:53) A general timeline for crossing the chasm(30:52) What exactly is the “chasm”?(32:35) The difference between visionaries and pragmatists(36:05) Finding the compelling reason to buy(43:45) The Early Market playbook(45:46) The Bowling Alley playbook(48:39) Different sales approaches for early market and bowling alley(51:26) Changing the value state of the company(53:28) The Tornado playbook(57:35) Why combining playbooks doesn’t work(59:10) Using generative AI in different market phases(01:03:02) The risks of discounting(01:04:21) Other “deadly sins” of crossing the chasm(01:09:09) Positioning in crossing the chasm(01:10:36) Product-led growth and crossing the chasm(01:13:54) The challenges of software and entrepreneurship(01:16:35) How Geoffrey’s thinking has evolved(01:19:30) The importance of entrepreneurship and impact(01:20:42) His book The Infinite Staircase(01:23:58) Connect with Geoffrey Moore—Referenced:• Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Disruptive-Mainstream/dp/0062292986• Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/• Documentum: https://www.opentext.com/products/documentum• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Intel: https://www.intel.com/• Jason Fried challenges your thinking on fundraising, goals, growth, and more: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/jason-fried-challenges-your-thinking-on-fundraising-goals-growth-and-more/• The Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/• Coda: https://coda.io/• An inside look at how Figma ships product: https://coda.io/@yuhki/figma-product-roadmap• Dylan Field on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanfield/• Regis McKenna on Crunchbase: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/regis-mckenna-inc• Andrew Grove: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Grove• A step-by-step guide to crafting a sales pitch that wins | April Dunford (author of Obviously Awesome and Sales Pitch): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/a-step-by-step-guide-to-crafting-a-sales-pitch-that-wins-april-dunford-author-of-obviously-awesom/• Sales Pitch: How to Craft a Story to Stand Out and Win: https://www.amazon.com/Sales-Pitch-Craft-Story-Stand/dp/1999023021• B2B Go-to-Market Playbooks and the Technology Adoption Life Cycle: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/b2b-go-to-market-playbooks-technology-adoption-life-cycle-moore/• Juniper: https://www.juniper.net/us/en.html• Sal Khan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/khanacademy/• Khan Academy: https://www.khanacademy.org/• How the Star Wars Kessel Run Turns Han Solo Into a Time-Traveler: https://www.wired.com/2013/02/kessel-run-12-parsecs/• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Martin Casado on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/martincasado/• The Infinite Staircase: What the Universe Tells Us About Life, Ethics, and Mortality: https://www.amazon.com/Infinite-Staircase-Universe-Ethics-Mortality/dp/1950665984—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Richard Rumelt is a legend in the world of strategy. He’s the author of Good Strategy/Bad Strategy and The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists, both of which are often recommended by guests on this podcast. From his early days teaching in Iran at a Harvard-sponsored business school to teaching at Harvard Business School itself to over four decades teaching at UCLA’s Anderson School of Management, Richard’s impact resonates globally. His strategic insights are sought after by major corporations including Microsoft, Shell, Apple, AT&T, Intel, and Commonwealth Bank and by governmental organizations such as the U.S. Army Special Operations Command. In this episode, we discuss:• The essential components of a good strategy• The importance of coherence in strategy• Common pitfalls that create a bad strategy• How “power” plays into strategy, and common sources of power• The value of knowing history when developing effective strategies• Why a strategy should simply be called an “action agenda”• The need for one decider in an organization—Brought to you by:• CommandBar—AI-powered user assistance for modern products and impatient users• Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/good-strategy-bad-strategy-richard—Where to find Richard Rumelt:• Email: richard@generalimagination.com• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-rumelt-18520828/• Website: https://thecruxbook.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Richard’s background(04:29) What is a strategy?(06:23) The essential components of a good strategy (the “kernel”)(15:04) An example of good strategy(16:55) Bad strategy(25:17) The importance of focus and power(28:19) Identifying and utilizing power(34:38) Types of power(41:13) Implementing power(48:15) The importance of historical knowledge(55:23) How to write an action agenda(01:02:47) The crux(01:10:40) Challenges to executing a strategy(01:15:44) The need for a decider(01:20:39) Strategy for startups(01:26:04) Richard’s “value denials” exercise(01:31:01) Closing thoughts(01:33:57) Lightning round—Referenced:• China’s Xi says ‘reunification’ with Taiwan is inevitable: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/31/chinas-xi-says-reunification-with-taiwan-is-inevitable.html• The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists: https://www.amazon.com/Crux-How-Leaders-Become-Strategists/dp/1541701240• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-Difference-Matters/dp/0307886239• Fundamental Issues in Strategy: A Research Agenda: https://www.amazon.com/Fundamental-Issues-Strategy-Research-Agenda/dp/0875843433/• Strategy, Structure, and Economic Performance: https://www.amazon.com/Strategy-Structure-Economic-Performance-Richard/dp/0875841090• There’s more than the CIA and FBI: The 17 agencies that make up the U.S. intelligence community: https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-17-intelligence-agencies-20170112-story.html• Programme for International Student Assessment: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/• Gerstner: Changing Culture at IBM—Lou Gerstner Discusses Changing the Culture at IBM: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/gerstner-changing-culture-at-ibm-lou-gerstner-discusses-changing-the-culture-at-ibm• Marvin Lieberman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marvin-lieberman-2a6b72/• S&P 500: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/en/indices/equity/sp-500/#overview• Battle of Tora Bora: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora• Milton Friedman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman• The Louvre: https://www.louvre.fr/en• How does SpaceX build its Falcon 9 reusable rocket?: https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/how-does-spacex-build-its-falcon-9-reusable-rocket• Charles Darwin: History’s most famous biologist: https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/charles-darwin-most-famous-biologist.html• Donald Rumsfeld: https://www.defense.gov/About/Biographies/Biography/Article/602800/• Bush: The Decider-in-Chief: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bush-the-decider-in-chief/• Woodrow Wilson: https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/woodrow-wilson/• How the Sinking of Lusitania Changed World War I: https://www.history.com/news/how-the-sinking-of-lusitania-changed-wwi• Nokia: https://www.nokia.com/• The Rise and Fall of Nokia: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=46041• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• These New Windows Let the Summer Breeze In, But Block the Street Noise: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-new-windows-let-the-summer-breeze-in-but-block-the-street-noise-7906121/• Stop it! (Bob Newhart): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvujypVVBAY• The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244• Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works: https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Win-Strategy-Really-Works/dp/142218739X• Steve Jobs: https://www.amazon.com/Steve-Jobs-Walter-Isaacson/dp/1982176865• Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company: https://www.amazon.com/Only-Paranoid-Survive-Exploit-Challenge/dp/0385483821• Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.: https://www.amazon.com/Titan-Life-John-Rockefeller-Sr/dp/1400077303/• Yellowstone on Paramount+: https://www.paramountnetwork.com/shows/yellowstone• Smart telescopes: https://milehighastro.com/collections/smart-telescopes• Cassandra Clare: https://cassandraclare.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Heidi Helfand is the author of Dynamic Reteaming, which outlines practical strategies for orchestrating successful team and company org changes. Her work is informed by more than 20 years in the tech industry at notable companies like AppFolio, Procore, and Expertcity/GoToMeeting. Today, she dedicates her efforts to sharing her knowledge through workshops, comprehensive courses, and consultative services, helping organizations navigate and optimize their team structures. In this episode, we discuss:• The importance of reteaming and reorging• The benefits of embracing reteaming• The five patterns of reteaming: one by one, grow and split, merging, isolation, and switching• Examples of successful reteaming• Why stable teams are not always ideal• How change can lead to great career opportunities• The RIDE framework for decision-making• Advice on how to set up isolated teams for success• The anti-patterns of reteaming and the challenges that can arise• Tactical tips for becoming a better listener—Brought to you by:• Productroadmap.ai—AI to connect your roadmaps to revenue• Hex—Helping teams ask and answer data questions by working together• Ahrefs—Improve your website’s SEO for free—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-art-and-wisdom-of-changing-teams—Where to find Heidi Helfand:• X: https://twitter.com/heidihelfand• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/heidihelfand/• Website: https://www.heidihelfand.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Heidi’s background(03:40) How Heidi got involved with reteaming and reorgs(07:37) Advice for people dealing with reorgs(11:56) The benefits of change and the RIDE framework(17:11) The five patterns of reteaming(20:00) The power of isolation(27:38) Advice on how to be successful by isolating small teams(33:27) Supporting and protecting internal startups(34:33) The one-by-one pattern(36:44) The grow and split pattern(39:20) The merging pattern(42:14) The switching pattern(50:18) Anti-patterns of reteaming(52:49) Embracing change and growth(58:48) How to become a better listener(01:01:28) Lightning round—Referenced:• Dynamic Reteaming: The Art and Wisdom of Changing Teams: https://www.amazon.com/Dynamic-Reteaming-Wisdom-Changing-Teams/dp/1492061298• O’Reilly: https://www.oreilly.com/• Procore Technologies: https://www.procore.com/• Kristian Lindwall on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristianlindwall/• Chris Smith on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrissmithagile• Transitions: Making Sense of Life’s Changes: https://www.amazon.com/Transitions-Making-Changes-Revised-Anniversary/dp/073820904X• Pat Wadors on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patwadors/• The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products That Win: https://www.amazon.com/Four-Steps-Epiphany-Successful-Strategies/dp/1119690358• GoToMyPC: https://get.gotomypc.com/• Teamwork: https://www.amazon.com/Teamwork-Right-Wrong-Interpersonal-Communication/dp/0803932901• AppFolio: https://www.appfolio.com/• SecureDocs: https://www.securedocs.com/• Citrix: https://www.citrix.com/• The Culture Code: The Secrets of Highly Successful Groups: https://www.amazon.com/Culture-Code-Secrets-Highly-Successful/dp/0804176981• Tuckman’s stages of group development: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuckman%27s_stages_of_group_development• Rich Sheridan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/menloprez/ • Menlo Innovations: https://menloinnovations.com/• Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us: https://www.amazon.com/Drive-Surprising-Truth-About-Motivates/dp/1594484805• Toyota Kata: Managing People for Improvement, Adaptiveness and Superior Results: https://www.amazon.com/Toyota-Kata-Managing-Improvement-Adaptiveness/dp/0071635238• Paulo Freire: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Freire• Jon Walker on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jwalker/• Managing Corporate Lifecycles: https://www.amazon.com/Managing-Corporate-Lifecycles-Ichak-Adizes/dp/9381860548• The Adizes Institute: https://www.adizes.com/• John Cutler on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-differentiates-the-highest-performing-product-teams-john-cutler-amplitude-the-beautiful-mes/• Co-Active Training Institute: https://coactive.com/• Co-Active Coaching: The proven framework for transformative conversations at work and in life: https://www.amazon.com/Co-Active-Coaching-Fourth-transformative-conversations/dp/1473674980• Creating Intelligent Teams: https://www.amazon.com/Creating-Intelligent-teams-Anne-R%C3%B8d/dp/186922583X• The Surprising Power of Liberating Structures: Simple Rules to Unleash a Culture of Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Surprising-Power-Liberating-Structures-Innovation/dp/0615975305• Facilitator’s Guide to Participatory Decision-Making: https://www.amazon.com/Facilitators-Participatory-Decision-Making-Jossey-bass-Management/dp/1118404955• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ethan Evans is a writer, career coach, course instructor, and retired VP at Amazon. During his 15 years at Amazon, he helped invent Prime Video, Amazon Video, the Amazon Appstore, Prime Gaming (formerly Twitch Prime), and Twitch Commerce. Prior to Amazon, Ethan spent 12 years in technical leadership roles at several East Coast startups. He writes a newsletter, Level Up, which publishes candid career advice and has a growing community of ambitious professionals to connect with. Ethan also offers a range of Leadership Development Courses via live online classes and on-demand courses. In this episode, we discuss:• The Magic Loop framework: a five-step process to grow your career• A handful of reasons why people get stuck in their career growth• Advice on how to break out of a career plateau• How to cultivate inventiveness in your work• How to stand out in interviews• A personal story of failing Jeff Bezos and lessons learned• Contrarian opinions on the return-to-office movement and doing business on a handshake—Brought to you by Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers | Sprig—Build a product people love | Arcade Software—Create effortlessly beautiful demos in minutes—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/taking-control-of-your-career-ethan—Where to find Ethan Evans:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ethanevansvp/• Substack: https://levelupwithethanevans.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ethan’s background(04:25) The Magic Loop(08:31) The goal of the Magic Loop(10:59) Clarifications on the framework(12:46) Success stories(17:22) The importance and effectiveness of the Magic Loop(19:01) A quick summary of the steps in the Magic Loop(21:46) What if you’re not pursuing a promotion?(23:09) How to break out of a career plateau(28:52) How to become systematically inventive(36:04) Interview advice and how to stand out(40:43) A story of failing Jeff Bezos(50:31) Lessons learned from that failure(57:30) What Ethan would have done differently(01:00:35) Amazon’s leadership principles(01:08:52) Contrarian corner: Returning to the office vs. staying remote(01:10:39) Contrarian corner: Doing business on a handshake(01:11:52) Lightning round—Referenced:• The Magic Loop: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-magic-loop• SDE levels: https://www.masaischool.com/blog/understanding-sde-levels-sde-1-vs-sde-2-vs-sde-3-differences/• What Got You Here Won’t Get You There: How Successful People Become Even More Successful: https://www.amazon.com/What-Got-Here-Wont-There/dp/1401301304• Thomas Edison’s quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/thomas_a_edison_109928• Jeff Bezos: Amazon and Blue Origin | Lex Fridman Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcWqzZ3I2cY• Unpacking Amazon’s unique ways of working | Bill Carr (author of Working Backwards): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/unpacking-amazons-unique-ways-of-working-bill-carr-author-of-working-backwards/• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• Jeff Wilke on X: https://twitter.com/jeffawilke• Andy Jassy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andy-jassy-8b1615/• Werner Vogels on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wernervogels/• Amazon’s Silk browser explained: https://www.androidpolice.com/amazon-silk-browser-explainer/• Chickens and pigs: https://www.scrum.org/resources/chickens-and-pigs• 58% of tech employees experience imposter syndrome. Here’s how to overcome it: https://medium.com/wearefutureworks/58-of-tech-employees-experience-imposter-syndrome-heres-how-to-overcome-it-78172d8a2258• Jeff Bezos to exec after product totally flopped: ‘You can’t, for one minute, feel bad’: https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/22/jeff-bezos-why-you-cant-feel-bad-about-failure.html• Amazon’s leadership principles: https://www.amazon.jobs/content/en/our-workplace/leadership-principles• Sam Altman on X: https://twitter.com/sama• Decisive: How to Make Better Choices in Life and Work: https://www.amazon.com/Decisive-Make-Better-Choices-Life/dp/0307956393• Leadership and Self-Deception: Getting Out of the Box: https://www.amazon.com/Leadership-Self-Deception-Getting-Out-Box/dp/1523097809• The Almanack of Naval Ravikant: A Guide to Wealth and Happiness: https://www.amazon.com/Almanack-Naval-Ravikant-Wealth-Happiness/dp/1544514212/• Angel list: https://venture.angellist.com/naval/syndicate• Naval Ravikant on X: https://twitter.com/naval• 1923 on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/1923/• Yellowstone on Paramount+: https://www.paramountnetwork.com/shows/yellowstone• Chuckit! dog toys: https://www.chuckit-toys.co.uk/• Luke 12:48: https://law.utk.edu/2016/05/10/to-whom-much-is-given-much-will-be-required• The Challenger space shuttle disaster: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster• Ethan’s popular course on Maven: https://maven.com/ethan-evans/break-through-to-executive—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sam Schillace is deputy CTO and corporate vice president at Microsoft. Prior to working at Microsoft, Sam started a company called Writely, which was acquired by Google and became the foundation of what today is Google Docs. While at Google, Sam helped lead many of Google’s consumer products, including Gmail, Blogger, PageCreator, Picasa, Reader, Groups, and more recently Maps and Google Automotive Services. Sam was also a principal investor at Google Ventures, has founded six startups, and was the SVP of engineering at Box through their IPO. In this episode, we discuss:• The journey of building Google Docs• The importance of taking risks, embracing failure, and finding joy in your work• The importance of asking “what if” questions vs. “why not”• Why convenience always wins• How, and why, Sam stays optimistic• Inside Microsoft’s culture• Why you should solve problems without asking for permission• Early-career advice• Why “pixels are free” and “bots are docs”—Brought to you by Teal—Your personal career growth platform | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Ahrefs—Improve your website’s SEO for free—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-be-more-innovative-sam-schillace—Where to find Sam Schillace:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/schillace/• Newsletter: https://sundaylettersfromsam.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Sam’s background(03:45) The first Google Docs file(06:45) Disruptive innovation(10:11) First-principles thinking(11:00) Recognizing disruptive ideas(13:17) Examples of first-principles thinking(15:46) The power of optimism(19:47) Sam’s motto: Get to the edge of something and f**k around(21:53) User value and laziness(24:31) People are lazy (and what to do about it)(28:36) Building Google Docs(31:06) The evolution of Google Docs(37:15) Finding product-market fit(39:52) The future of documents(44:57) The value of playing with technology(47:58) Taking risks and embracing failure(49:21) Thinking in the future(53:48) Finding joy in your work(01:01:20) Just do the best you can(01:02:34) The transformational power of AI(01:09:27) Advice for approaching AI(01:13:07) The culture at Microsoft(01:16:51) Closing thoughts(01:17:32) Lightning round—Referenced:• Google Docs began as a hacked-together experiment, says creator: https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/3/4484000/sam-schillace-interview-google-docs-creator-box• Edna Mode: https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Edna_Mode• Sergey Brin’s profile on Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/profile/sergey-brin/• People Who Were No Smarter Than You: https://medium.com/thrive-global/people-who-were-no-smarter-than-you-4e1c88c3fee6• Nat Torkington (O’Reilly Media): https://www.oreilly.com/people/nathan-torkington/• How Tesla Has Shaken (Not Stirred) Established Carmakers—and Why It Really Matters: https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferdungs/2021/04/23/how-tesla-has-shaken-not-stirred-established-carmakersand-why-it-really-matters/• First Principles: Elon Musk on the Power of Thinking for Yourself: https://jamesclear.com/first-principles• Ashton Tate: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashton-Tate• Learning by Doing: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/learning-doing-sam-schillace• Kevin Scott on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jkevinscott/• How do we make sense of all of this?: https://sundaylettersfromsam.substack.com/p/how-do-we-make-sense-of-all-of-this• Steve Newman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevescalyr/• Eric Schmidt on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-schmidt-02158951/• Michael Arrington on X: https://twitter.com/arrington• TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/• “Hello, Computer” scene from Star Trek: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hShY6xZWVGE• Writely—Process Words with your Browser: https://techcrunch.com/2005/08/31/writely-process-words-with-your-browser/• Satya Nadella on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satyanadella/• Poor Charlie’s Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger: https://press.stripe.com/poor-charlies-almanack• Calvinism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism• This Quote from Seth Godin Could Change How You Think About Pursuing Your Passion: https://friedchickenandsushi.com/blog/2021/7/5/this-quote-from-seth-godin-could-change-how-you-think-about-pursuing-your-passion• AI isn’t a feature of your product: https://sundaylettersfromsam.substack.com/p/ai-isnt-a-feature-of-your-product• Introducing Gemini: our largest and most capable AI model: https://blog.google/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/• Invisible Cities: https://www.amazon.com/Invisible-Cities-Italo-Calvino/dp/0156453800• The Wasp Factory: https://www.amazon.com/WASP-FACTORY-NOVEL-Iain-Banks/dp/0684853159• Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History of Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Where-Good-Ideas-Come-Innovation/dp/1594485380/• Slow Horses on Apple TV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/slow-horses/umc.cmc.2szz3fdt71tl1ulnbp8utgq5o• Monarch: Legacy of Monsters on Apple TV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/monarch-legacy-of-monsters/umc.cmc.62l8x0ixrhyq3yaqa5y8yo7ew?mttn3pid• Scavengers Reign on Max: https://www.max.com/shows/scavengers-reign/50c8ce6d-088c-42d9-9147-d1b19b1289d4• 2023 Mustang Mach-E: https://www.ford.com/suvs/mach-e/• Boccalone Salumeria (now closed) on X: https://twitter.com/boccalone—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Will Larson is Chief Technology Officer at Carta. Prior to joining Carta, he was the CTO at Calm and held engineering leadership roles at Stripe, Uber, and Digg. He is the author of two foundational engineering career books, An Elegant Puzzle and Staff Engineer, and The Engineering Executive’s Primer, which will be released in February. In our conversation, we discuss:• Systems thinking: what it is and how to apply it• Advice for product managers on fostering productive relationships with engineering managers• Why companies should treat engineers like adults• How to best measure developer productivity• Writing and its impact on his career• How to balance writing with a demanding job• How to develop your company values—Brought to you by DX—A platform for measuring and improving developer productivity | OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-engineering-mindset-will-larson—Where to find Will Larson:• X: https://twitter.com/Lethain• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/will-larson-a44b543/• Website: https://lethain.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Will’s background(04:12) Changes in the field of engineering(06:27) We need to stop treating engineers like children(08:32) Systems thinking(13:23) Implementing systems thinking in hiring(16:32) Engineering strategy(20:21) Examples of engineering strategies(25:08) How to get good at strategy(26:48) The importance of writing about things that excite you(32:40) The biggest risk to content creation is quitting too soon(35:24) How to make time for writing(37:41) Tips for aspiring writers(41:18) Building productive relationships between product managers and engineers(43:45) Giving the same performance rating to EMs and PMs(48:24) Measuring engineering productivity(55:53) Defining company values(01:02:10) Failure corner: the Digg rewrite(01:11:05) Will’s upcoming book, The Engineering Executive’s Primer(01:12:04) Lightning round—Referenced:• The end of the “free money” era: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/apr/11/techscape-zirp-tech-boom• Work on what matters: https://lethain.com/work-on-what-matters/• Sheryl Sandberg to Harvard Biz Grads: “Find a Rocket Ship”: https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/05/24/sheryl-sandberg-to-harvard-biz-grads-find-a-rocket-ship/?sh=708c9a93b37a• What Is Systems Thinking?: https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/business/what-is-systems-thinking• Introduction to systems thinking: https://lethain.com/systems-thinking/• Thinking in Systems: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Systems-Donella-H-Meadows/dp/1603580557• Silent Spring: https://www.amazon.com/Silent-Spring-Rachel-Carson/dp/0618249060• Writing an engineering strategy: https://lethain.com/eng-strategies/• Carta: https://carta.com/• Eric Vogl on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ericvogl/• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The difference and why it matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-difference-matters/dp/1781256179• The Crux: How Leaders Become Strategists: https://www.amazon.com/Crux-How-Leaders-Become-Strategists/dp/1541701240/• How Big Things Get Done: The Surprising Factors That Determine the Fate of Every Project, from Home Renovations to Space Exploration and Everything in Between: https://www.amazon.com/How-Big-Things-Get-Done/dp/0593239512/• Technology Strategy Patterns: Architecture as Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/Technology-Strategy-Patterns-Architecture/dp/1492040878/• The Value Flywheel Effect: Power the Future and Accelerate Your Organization to the Modern Cloud: https://www.amazon.com/Value-Flywheel-Effect-Accelerate-Organization/dp/1950508579• The Phoenix Project: A Novel about IT, DevOps, and Helping Your Business Win: https://www.amazon.com/Phoenix-Project-DevOps-Helping-Business/dp/1942788290• The Engineering Executive’s Primer: Impactful Technical Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Engineering-Executives-Primer-Impactful-Leadership/dp/1098149483• An Elegant Puzzle: Systems of Engineering Management: https://press.stripe.com/an-elegant-puzzle• Staff Engineer: Leadership beyond the management track: https://www.amazon.com/Staff-Engineer-Leadership-beyond-management-ebook/dp/B08RMSHYGG• Gergely Orosz’s newsletter: https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/author/gergely/• Leaving big tech to build the #1 technology newsletter | Gergely Orosz (The Pragmatic Engineer): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/leaving-big-tech-to-build-the-1-technology-newsletter-gergely-orosz-the-pragmatic-engineer/• The art of product management | Shreyas Doshi (Stripe, Twitter, Google, Yahoo): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/the-art-of-product-management-shreyas-doshi-stripe-twitter-google-yahoo/• Henry Ward on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/heward/• Vrushali Paunikar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vrushali-paunikar/• Accelerate: The Science of Lean Software and DevOps: Building and Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations: https://www.amazon.com/Accelerate-Software-Performing-Technology-Organizations/dp/1942788339• How to measure and improve developer productivity | Nicole Forsgren (Microsoft Research, GitHub, Google): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-measure-and-improve-developer-productivity-nicole-forsgren-microsoft-research-github-goo/• DORA: https://dora.dev/• Setting engineering org values: https://lethain.com/setting-engineering-org-values/• Digg: https://digg.com/• Kevin Rose on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevinrose/• Digg’s v4 launch: an optimism born of necessity: https://lethain.com/digg-v4/• Dash Gopinath on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dashgopinath/• Rich Schumacher on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richschumacher/• The ALL NEW Don’t Think of an Elephant!: Know Your Values and Frame the Debate: https://www.amazon.com/ALL-NEW-Dont-Think-Elephant-ebook/dp/B00NP9LHFA• Top Chef on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/watch-online/tv/top-chef/5172289448907967112• Hard to work with: https://lethain.com/hard-to-work-with/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Judd Antin has spent 15 years leading research and design teams at companies like Yahoo, Meta, and Airbnb. His direct reports have gone on to lead user research at Figma, Notion, Slack, Robinhood, Duolingo, AllTrails, and more. In our conversation, we unpack the transformation that the user-research field is experiencing. Specifically:• Where user research went wrong over the past decade• The three types of research—macro, middle-range, and micro—and the purpose of each• How to effectively integrate researchers into the product development process• The “user-centered performance” phenomenon and why it’s a waste of time• Common tropes about PMs, from researchers• The ideal ratio of researchers in a company• Why Judd says NPS is useless, and what to use instead—Brought to you by Teal—Your personal career growth platform | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Ahrefs—Improve your website’s SEO for free—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ux-research-reckoning-is-here—Where to find Judd Antin:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/juddantin/• Website: https://juddantin.com/• Blog: https://medium.com/onebigthought—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Judd’s background(04:16) Critiques and responses to Judd’s post “The UX Research Reckoning Is Here”(07:33) The state of user research(08:53) Macro, middle-range, and micro research(14:05) What teams get wrong when it comes to research(15:46) The importance of integrating research from the beginning(17:30) Traits of great researchers(19:53) Advice for evaluating user researchers(21:10) Balancing business and product focus(23:55) User-centered performance(26:42) The role of intuition in product development(30:15) Checking your gut instincts(32:54) Common tropes about PMs, from researchers(41:02) A/B testing vs. user research(43:15) Hindsight bias and narrative fallacy(44:55) Making recommendations based on research(47:26) Advice for teams on how to leverage researchers(51:18) How product managers can be better partners to user researchers(56:53) The ideal ratio of researchers in a company(59:43) Empowering user researchers to drive impact(01:03:39) The limitations of NPS as a metric(01:06:48) The risks of dogfooding(01:08:51) Lightning round—Referenced:• Matt Gallivan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattgallivan/• Janna Bray on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/janna-bray-a4046a25/• Celeste Ridlen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/celesteridlen/• Rebecca Gray on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rebeccagray2/• Hannah Pileggi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hannah-pileggi-43169314/• Louise Beryl on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/louise-beryl-13225833/• The UX Research Reckoning Is Here: https://medium.com/onebigthought/the-ux-research-reckoning-is-here-c63710ea4084• The end of the “free money” era: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/apr/11/techscape-zirp-tech-boom• Cognitive biases: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases• IDEO design thinking: https://designthinking.ideo.com/• Everything Is Obvious: How Common Sense Fails Us: https://www.amazon.com/Everything-Obvious-Common-Sense-Fails/dp/0307951790• Patrick Collison’s tweet: https://twitter.com/patrickc/status/1443215022029619200?lang=en• Brian Chesky on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianchesky/• Brian Chesky on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• NPS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_promoter_score• What is CSAT and how do you measure it?: https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/customer/what-is-csat/• Michael Murakami on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/michaelhmurakami/• Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/Bad-Leadership-Happens-Matters-Common/dp/1591391660• Demon Copperhead: https://www.amazon.com/Demon-Copperhead-Novel-Barbara-Kingsolver/dp/0063251922• All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries: https://www.amazon.com/All-Systems-Red-Murderbot-Diaries/dp/0765397536• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Belay glasses: https://www.amazon.com/Belay-Glasses-Climbing-Comfortable-Sturdy/dp/B08GSBYDKQ/• Epictetus: Control What You Can—Especially Yourself: https://www.shortform.com/blog/epictetus-control/• The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change: https://www.amazon.com/Habits-Highly-Effective-People-Powerful/dp/0743269519—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Nir Eyal is the author of two best-selling books, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products and Indistractable: How to Control Your Attention and Choose Your Life. He writes, consults, and teaches at the intersection of psychology, technology, and business. His books have sold over 1 million copies in more than 30 languages; he has taught at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business and its Design School; and he has started and sold two startups since 2003. In our conversation, we discuss:• Strategies for becoming less distractible and improving focus• The difference between distraction and “traction”• Reactive work vs. reflexive work and why you should book time in your calendar• The 10-minute rule to overcome internal triggers and stay focused• The problem with to-do lists, and what to do instead• The value of creating a timebox schedule that aligns with personal values and priorities• The use of pacts as a last line of defense against distraction• How to develop a high-agency mindset• Advice for leaders on helping employees improve focus in the workplace—Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Teal—Your personal career growth platform—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/strategies-for-becoming-less-distractible—Where to find Nir Eyal:• X: https://twitter.com/nireyal• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nireyal/• Website: https://www.nirandfar.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nir’s background(04:20) How to become less distractible(07:43) Understanding distraction and traction(12:52) The four steps to becoming indistractable(13:53) Mastering internal triggers(18:49) Surfing the urge with a 10-minute timer(23:20) Making time for traction with a timebox schedule(25:02) How to turn your values into time(28:36) Booking deep work time(29:22) Making pacts to prevent distraction(31:00) The problem with to-do lists(34:31) The drawback of deadlines(36:08) Distraction is an emotion regulation problem(39:54) Hacking back external triggers(45:03) Preventing distraction with pacts(48:18) Specific tools to hold you accountable(53:42) Managing emotions and discomfort(56:37) Taking responsibility and being high-agency(01:00:09) Becoming indistractable at work(01:05:04) Schedule syncing to align with managers(01:09:36) We are not as hooked on technology as people think(01:16:00) Life purpose and personal responsibility(01:17:38) Lightning round—Referenced:• Indistractable: How to Control Your Attention and Choose Your Life: https://www.amazon.com/Indistractable-Control-Your-Attention-Choose/dp/194883653X• Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products: https://www.amazon.com/Hooked-How-Build-Habit-Forming-Products/dp/1591847788• Dorothy Parker’s quote: https://twitter.com/nireyal/status/1472280598723108866• “Writing is bleeding” quote: https://www.hemingwaysociety.org/quotation-controversy-writing-and-bleeding• The Pomodoro Technique Explained: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryancollinseurope/2020/03/03/the-pomodoro-technique/• Timeboxing: Why It Works and How to Get Started in 2024: https://www.nirandfar.com/timeboxing/• Using your working time well - Issue 22: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/time-management-issue-22• All-In podcast: https://www.allinpodcast.co/• Nir’s post about “the planning fallacy”: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/nireyal_why-do-tasks-always-seem-to-take-longer-than-activity-7137440438939959297-XIUB/• How the Ancient Greeks Beat Distraction: https://www.nirandfar.com/tantalizing-distractions/• Jeremy Bentham: https://iep.utm.edu/jeremy-bentham• An overview of Sigmund Freud’s pleasure principle: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/pleasure-principle• The Matrix “There is no spoon” scene: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAXtO5dMqEI• Outlet timer: https://www.amazon.com/Century-Indoor-24-Hour-Mechanical-Outlet/dp/B01LPSGBZS• Forest app: https://www.forestapp.cc/• Focusmate: https://www.focusmate.com/• Have We Been Thinking About Willpower the Wrong Way for 30 Years?: https://hbr.org/2016/11/have-we-been-thinking-about-willpower-the-wrong-way-for-30-years• We Need Social Antibodies to Fight the Disease of Distraction: https://nireyal.medium.com/we-need-social-antibodies-to-fight-the-disease-of-distraction-51f9187be016• The Mere Presence of Your Smartphone Reduces Brain Power, Study Shows: https://news.utexas.edu/2017/06/26/the-mere-presence-of-your-smartphone-reduces-brain-power• Leading in Tough Times: HBS Faculty Member Amy C. Edmondson on Psychological Safety: https://www.hbs.edu/recruiting/insights-and-advice/blog/post/leading-in-tough-times• If Tech Is So Distracting, How Do Slack Employees Stay So Focused?: https://www.nirandfar.com/slack-use/• Managing up: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/managing-up• Duolingo: https://www.duolingo.com/• FitBot: https://www.fitbotapp.com/• Paulo Coelho’s quote: https://twitter.com/paulocoelho/status/416264984188825600• Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life: https://www.amazon.com/Alchemy-Curious-Science-Creating-Business/dp/006238841X• The Experience Machine: How Our Minds Predict and Shape Reality: https://www.amazon.com/Experience-Machine-Minds-Predict-Reality/dp/1524748455• Empire of the Sun on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Empire-Sun-Christian-Bale/dp/B001N3JY82• Sesame grinder: https://www.miyacompany.com/450-014-450-014• Muji pens: https://www.muji.us/collections/pen-pencils—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sarah Tavel is a General Partner at Benchmark and sits on the boards of Chainalysis, Hipcamp, Rekki, Cambly, and Medely. She is a founding member of All Raise, the nonprofit organization working to accelerate the success of women in the venture-capital and VC-backed startup ecosystem. Before Benchmark, Sarah was a partner at Greylock Partners. She joined Pinterest in 2012 as their first PM and launched their first search and recommendations features. She also led three acquisitions as she helped the company scale through a period of hypergrowth. In this episode, we discuss:Sarah’s Hierarchy of Engagement framework for growing a consumer startup• The three levels of the Hierarchy of Engagement: core action, retention, and self-perpetuation• The importance of measuring cohorts and maintaining focus on the core action• Examples of core user actions from Pinterest and YouTubeSarah’s Hierarchy of Marketplaces framework for building a marketplace startup• The three vectors of growth for dominating a marketplace• Advice on “tipping the marketplace” and ultimately dominating the market• The value of focusing on a constrained market• How to avoid disruption—This entire episode is brought to you by Gelt—Redefine your approach to taxes.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-hierarchy-of-engagement-sarah—Where to find Sarah Tavel:• X: https://twitter.com/sarahtavel• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarahtavel/• Substack: https://www.sarahtavel.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Sarah’s background(03:33) Framework 1: The Hierarchy of Engagement(06:03) Level 1: Core action(10:33) Level 2: Retention(14:00) Level 3: Self-perpetuation(19:32) The importance of focus(23:54) The challenge of anonymity(26:04) Advice for founders who want to increase retention(29:34) What founders often get wrong(31:43) Examples of core actions(37:37) Finding your North Star Metric(38:12) Who should use the Hierarchy of Engagement framework(38:54) The Hierarchy of Marketplaces framework(46:09) Level 1: Focus on a constrained opportunity(50:19) Sarah’s “happy GMV” and “minimum viable happiness” concepts(54:47) Thumbtack: a counterexample to this approach(56:36) Signs you’re ready to move to level 2(58:06) Level 2: Tipping the marketplace(01:04:15) Tipping loops(01:10:53) Not all markets are susceptible to tipping(01:15:55) The challenge of homogeneity in B2B marketplaces(01:20:29) Signs you’re tipping successfully(01:21:43) Level 3: Dominating the market(01:28:29) The opportunity in underestimated markets(01:30:11) The challenges of chasing GMV and losing focus(01:36:36) Recognizing currents and momentum in the market(01:39:20) You can never rest on your laurels(01:41:03) How to apply these frameworks outside of marketplaces(01:42:57) Three ways to find marketplace opportunity(01:45:10 ) Lightning round—Referenced:• Hierarchy of Engagement, Expanded: https://sarahtavel.medium.com/the-hierarchy-of-engagement-expanded-648329d60804• Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/• Evernote: https://evernote.com/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Houseparty app: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houseparty_(app)• Clubhouse: https://www.clubhouse.com/• How to price your product | Naomi Ionita (Menlo Ventures): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-price-your-product-naomi-ionita-menlo-ventures/• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/• Lessons on building a viral consumer app: The story of Saturn: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-on-building-a-viral-consumer• Saturn: https://www.joinsaturn.com/• What happened to Secret?: https://www.failory.com/cemetery/secret• How to determine your activation metric: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-determine-your-activation• Shishir Mehrotra on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shishirmehrotra/• The rituals of great teams | Shishir Mehrotra of Coda, YouTube, Microsoft: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/• Engagement Hierarchy: Core Actions: https://sarahtavel.medium.com/engagement-hierarchy-core-actions-dd4f72042100• Choosing Your North Star Metric: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/choosing-your-north-star-metric• Hierarchy of Marketplaces: https://sarahtavel.medium.com/the-hierarchy-of-marketplaces-introduction-and-level-1-983995aa218e• Mike Williams on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yoroomie/• Everything Marketplaces: https://www.everythingmarketplaces.com/• Fabrice Grinda on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fabricegrinda/• OLX: https://www.olx.com/• DoorDash Loves the ’Burbs as Much as You Do: https://www.wsj.com/articles/doordash-loves-the-burbs-as-much-as-you-do-11605618001• Thumbtack: https://www.thumbtack.com/• NPS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_promoter_score• Sean Ellis on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/seanellis/• Rekki: https://rekki.com/• Ronen Givon on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronen-givon-535b2514• Hipcamp: https://www.hipcamp.com/• Demand driving supply: The little-understood growth loop behind a surprising number of iconic billion-dollar companies: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/demand-driving-supply-marketplaces• Inside the Revolution at Etsy: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/25/business/etsy-josh-silverman.html• Faire: https://www.faire.com/• Bill Gurley on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/billgurley/• Mechanical Turk: https://www.mturk.com/• Parker Conrad on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/parkerconrad/• Rippling: https://www.rippling.com/• “White Space” for Building a Marketplace: How to Find Your Competition’s Vulnerabilities—and Capitalize: https://sarahtavel.medium.com/white-space-for-building-a-marketplace-how-to-find-your-competitions-vulnerabilities-and-79674aa4d399• Pachinko: https://www.amazon.com/Pachinko-National-Book-Award-Finalist/dp/1455563935• The Five Temptations of a CEO: https://www.amazon.com/Five-Temptations-CEO-Anniversary-Leadership/dp/0470267585• The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable: https://www.amazon.com/Five-Dysfunctions-Team-Leadership-Fable/dp/0787960756• Tesla: https://www.tesla.com/• Reid Hoffman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/• What Is A Good Activation Rate: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/what-is-a-good-activation-rate—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Christian Idiodi is a partner at Silicon Valley Product Group. After a long product career and founding multiple companies, Christian now spends his time working closely with product leaders at companies big and small to implement and improve their discipline of product management. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Why there’s often a negative perception of product managers, and how we can fix this• The four attributes of a product manager’s job: value, usability, viability, and feasibility• The power of finding reference customers• How Christian developed a process for high-volume hiring to help companies like McDonald’s and Starbucks• Tactical tips for coaching, building relationships, and building trust as a leader—Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Teal—Your personal career growth platform—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-essence-of-product-management—Where to find Christian Idiodi:• X: https://twitter.com/CIdiodi• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cidiodi/• Website: https://www.svpg.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Christian’s background(03:56) The negative perception of product managers(07:58) How to become a PM people want to work with(11:30) The definition of a product manager(14:46) Where new PMs fail(16:59) Reference customers: what they are and why they are so important(24:05) A quick summary of how to build a product that people want and love(26:44) How to determine product-market fit(29:54) The benefits of this approach(34:11) Real examples of using reference customers(40:06) Doing things that don’t scale(48:40) How to get better at coaching and build trust with leaders(55:53) The fastest way to build trust(01:00:01) What to do in the absence of good coaching(01:02:51) How to get into product management(01:04:16) The pitfalls of early promotions(01:11:11) How to train someone for a promotion before giving the promotion(01:13:30) How to find a good coach(01:14:40) Christian’s product work in Africa(01:21:22) The importance of passion and empathy in product work(01:22:54) Lightning round—Referenced:• Marty Cagan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cagan/• The nature of product | Marty Cagan, Silicon Valley Product Group: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/• Silicon Valley Product Group: https://www.svpg.com/• Enhanced Product Discovery by SVPG Partner Christian Idiodi at Lean Product Meetup: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQKaFEqhiqc• Geoffrey Moore’s technology adoption curve: https://fourweekmba.com/technology-adoption-curve/• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Building a culture of excellence | David Singleton (CTO of Stripe): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-a-culture-of-excellence-david-singleton-cto-of-stripe/• Building beautiful products with Stripe’s Head of Design | Katie Dill (Stripe, Airbnb, Lyft): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-beautiful-products-with-stripes-head-of-design-katie-dill-stripe-airbnb-lyft/• Rippling: https://www.rippling.com/• Snagajob: https://www.snagajob.com/• Howard Schultz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/howardschultz/• Tesla portable charger: https://shop.tesla.com/product/mobile-connector• Innovate Africa Foundation: https://www.innovateafrica.io/about/• Inspire Africa Conference: https://www.inspireafricaconference.com/• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.svpg.com/books/inspired-how-to-create-tech-products-customers-love-2nd-edition/• Empowered: Ordinary People, Extraordinary Products: https://www.svpg.com/books/empowered-ordinary-people-extraordinary-products/• Transformed: Moving to the Product Operating Model: https://www.svpg.com/books/transformed-moving-to-the-product-operating-model/• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• Billions on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/billions• Real sports app: https://www.realapp.link/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jason Fried is the co-founder and CEO of 37signals, the maker of Basecamp and HEY. 37signals is a very different kind of company. With fewer than 80 employees, they have over 100,000 customers, generate tens of millions of dollars in profit each year, and have no investors, board, or any plans to ever raise money or sell the company. In our conversation, we explore a path many tech founders never consider—bootstrapping. We discuss:• Why he and his team prioritize profit above all else• The unexpected challenges with raising venture capital• The “Shape Up” framework for building products• Why, and how, to foster a gut-driven culture• Jason’s thoughts on why work should not feel like war• Advice for starting a bootstrapped business• The philosophy behind Once, 37signals’s new line of software products—Brought to you by Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/jason-fried-challenges-your-thinking—Where to find Jason Fried:• X: https://twitter.com/jasonfried• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-fried/• Email: jason@hey.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jason’s background(03:49) The success of 37signals(06:46) When raising money makes sense(09:58) The power of small teams(13:55) Defining success and goals(17:08) Playing “infinite games” in life(20:11) Starting a business vs. staying in business(22:13) Lessons from 25 years in business(27:28) Venture scale vs. bootstrapping(30:30) Choosing the right path for your business(33:19) The “Shape Up” framework(37:59) The drawback of promises(39:56) Adopting a new way of working(41:36) The two-week cooldown(43:53) Trusting intuition and gut(46:41) Creating a gut-driven culture(49:44) What Jason looks for in new hires(56:19) Advice on making changes and adapting(01:00:06) What Jason has changed his mind about(01:02:33) Planning in 6-week stretches and figuring it out as you go(01:06:43) Being proud of the work you do(01:09:05) Jason’s thoughts on why work should not feel like war(01:11:31) Advice for starting a bootstrapped business(01:14:33) You must be at peace with the worst that can happen(01:15:42) The benefits of bootstrapping(01:19:11) The value of constraints in business(01:22:00) Jason’s philosophy: “Just keep making great s**t”(01:23:19) Once, 37signals’s new line of software products(01:26:33) The philosophy behind Once(01:35:47) Closing thoughts(01:37:23) Lightning round—Referenced:• 37 Signals: https://www.smartsheet.com/• Basecamp: https://basecamp.com/• Finite and Infinite Games: https://www.amazon.com/Finite-Infinite-Games-James-Carse/dp/1476731713/• Ingram Micro: https://www.ingrammicro.com/• Once: https://once.com/• Basecamp’s Shape Up framework: https://basecamp.com/shapeup• Hill charts: https://basecamp.com/features/hill-charts• Jason Fried’s quote about long-term business planning: https://medium.com/@farkhan569/unless-you-are-a-fortune-teller-long-term-business-planning-is-a-fantasy-jason-fried-quote-a69e8778e9c4• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• Matt Mullenweg on X: https://twitter.com/photomatt• Leo Polovets on X: https://twitter.com/lpolovets• HEY: https://www.hey.com/• Redefining success, money, and belonging | Paul Millerd (The Pathless Path): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/redefining-success-money-and-belonging-paul-millerd-the-pathless-path/• It Doesn’t Have to Be Crazy at Work: https://www.amazon.com/Doesnt-Have-Be-Crazy-Work/dp/0062874780• Squarespace: https://www.squarespace.com/• Stoic negative visualization: https://dailystoic.com/premortem/• Linear: https://linear.app/• Peter Rahal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-rahal-037bba43/• RXBAR: https://www.rxbar.com/en_US/home.html• Jason’s LinkedIn post: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jason-fried_just-keep-making-great-s**t-keep-your-costs-activity-7130978623523614720-VBGX/?trk=public_profile• Several Short Sentences About Writing: https://www.amazon.com/Several-Short-Sentences-About-Writing/dp/0307279413• Hell Yeah or No: What’s Worth Doing: https://www.amazon.com/Hell-Yeah-No-whats-worth/dp/1988575117/• Home-Made: Contemporary Russian Folk Artifacts: https://www.amazon.com/Home-Made-Contemporary-Russian-Folk-Artifacts/dp/0955006139• Oppenheimer: https://www.oppenheimermovie.com/• Tom Petty’s “Crawling Back to You” on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/track/1JenqZNMU6unIwVWmoP3J0• Poor Charlie’s Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger: https://press.stripe.com/poor-charlies-almanack—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Matthew Dicks is a best-selling author, columnist, blogger, podcaster, playwright, and teacher. He wrote my all-time favorite book on storytelling, Storyworthy. He is an elementary school teacher by day and by night teaches storytelling and public speaking to individuals, corporations, universities, religious institutions, and school districts around the world. He’s taught storytelling at Yale, MIT, Harvard, and Purdue, along with Amazon, Salesforce, Slack, Lego, and others. In this conversation, Matthew shares insights and techniques for effective storytelling, including:• The benefits of good storytelling in business• The five-second moment and why it’s so important• Why you should start every story at the end• How to build a vault of stories that can be deployed in business situations• Tips on how to be funnier• His life-changing “Homework for Life” practice• Advice for dealing with nervousness in public speaking• The power of saying yes—Brought to you by OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster | Maui Nui Venison—The healthiest red meat on the planet delivered directly to your door | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-tell-better-stories-matthew—Where to find Matthew Dicks:• Website: https://matthewdicks.com/• X: https://twitter.com/MatthewDicks• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthew-dicks-84a95711/• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4K0fcEJkzJLso5h6CN00LQ• Storyworthy: https://www.storyworthymd.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Matthew’s background(04:27) The five-second moment(10:29) Knowing the ending(14:28) The importance of including a transformation(15:59) The dinner test(18:19) You can’t tell someone else’s story(20:24) Vacation stories(23:14) Adding stakes to the story(25:12) The power of surprise(29:20) The benefits of storytelling in business(32:20) An example of adding stakes(34:02) Storytelling in the workplace(44:29) Using personal inventory to make stories relatable(48:46) Four ways to keep people listening(50:52) Using humor in business storytelling(53:09) Advice for adding humor(58:43) An example of how storytelling helped a biotech company sell product(1:02:06) Advice for people who don’t want to become storytellers(1:06:35) The power of “Homework for Life”(01:15:26) Practical tips for starting Homework for Life(01:19:28) Dealing with nervousness in public speaking(01:24:42) Preparing for a talk or presentation(01:25:24) The power of saying yes(01:30:55) Lightning round—Referenced:• How ‘Star Wars’ answers our biggest religious questions: https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/21/how-star-wars-answers-our-biggest-religious-questions/• When Harry Met Sally on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/When-Harry-Sally-Billy-Crystal/dp/B001Q556QG• Persuasive communication and managing up | Wes Kao (Maven, Seth Godin, Section4): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/persuasive-communication-and-managing-up-wes-kao-maven-seth-godin-section4/• Kurt Vonnegut’s 8 Tenets of Storytelling: https://www.themarginalian.org/2012/04/03/kurt-vonnegut-on-writing-stories/• Vertigo on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Vertigo-James-Stewart/dp/B000I9YLXU• Ocean’s Eleven on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Oceans-Eleven-George-Clooney/dp/B001EBV0JE• David Mamet | JCCSF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZOT1jCHfhI• Pulp Fiction on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Pulp-Fiction-John-Travolta/dp/B005T3AX6E• Charity Thief: Boston Moth StorySLAM: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjrlGhAB4a4• Boris Levin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/boris-levin-ab95404/• Masha Reutovski on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/masha-reutovski/• Top Three Steve Jobs Speeches: https://www.pcworld.com/article/482269/top_three_steve_jobs_speeches.html• The Javits Center: https://www.javitscenter.com/• Stranger Things on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80057281• 1989 (Taylor’s Version) on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/64LU4c1nfjz1t4VnGhagcg• Classic Sesame Street—one of these things is not like the other: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCxrkl2igGY• Homework for Life: https://matthewdicks.com/homework-for-life/• Homework for Life | Matthew Dicks | TEDxBerkshires: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7p329Z8MD0• Seth Meyers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth_Meyers• David Sedaris on MasterClass: https://www.masterclass.com/classes/david-sedaris-teaches-storytelling-and-humor• Happy-Go-Lucky: https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Go-Lucky-David-Sedaris/dp/0316392456• A life of yes: Matthew Dicks at TEDxSomerville: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3TaQFcaMk4• New York Comedy Festival: https://nycomedyfestival.com/• In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex: https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Sea-Tragedy-Whaleship-Essex/dp/0141001828• The Tale of Despereaux: https://www.amazon.com/Tale-Despereaux-Being-Princess-Thread/dp/0763680893• I’ll Show Myself Out: Essays on Midlife and Motherhood: https://www.amazon.com/Ill-Show-Myself-Out-Motherhood/dp/0062981595• You’ll Grow Out of It: https://www.amazon.com/Youll-Grow-Out-Jessi-Klein/dp/1455531200• David Sedaris books: https://www.amazon.com/stores/David-Sedaris/author/B000AQ3YUW• Sure, I’ll Join Your Cult: A Memoir of Mental Illness and the Quest to Belong Anywhere: https://www.amazon.com/Sure-Ill-Join-Your-Cult/dp/1982168560• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Barbie: https://www.barbie-themovie.com/• Krinner tree genie on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Krinner-Genie-Christmas-Stand-Small-Green/dp/B081D78FTP• Power Pod: https://powerpodshop.com/• Nostalgia hotdog toaster: https://www.amazon.com/Nostalgia-HDT600RETRORED-Pop-Up-Toaster-Retro/dp/B005Q8X6IO—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

In this special compilation episode, we delve into failure—an overlooked source of wisdom. From freezing onstage in front of thousands of people, to coworkers staging an intervention, to huge product investments that went to zero, we’ve pulled our favorite stories of failure from 100+ podcast episodes. I hope these stories serve as a gentle nudge to view failure not as a setback but as a crucial detour toward growth.—Brought to you by Sendbird—The (all-in-one) communications API platform for mobile apps | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/failure—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, you’ll hear from:(00:00) Lenny: Why I’m focusing on failure(03:25) Katie Dill: The single meeting that changed how Katie leads forever(08:03) Paul Adams: Freezing onstage in front of thousands of people(18:38) Tom Conrad: Lessons from Pets.com and Quibi—two of the most famous product disasters of all time(33:19) Sri Batchu: When you fail, make sure you fail conclusively(39:00) Jiaona Zhang (JZ): One of the biggest product misses at Airbnb(44:32) Gina Gotthilf: Everyone has an “A side” and a “B side,” and we should all share our B sides more(57:57) Maggie Crowley: Her favorite interview question about failure, and lessons from a personal failure(1:00:33) Thanks for listening—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kim Scott is the author of Radical Candor, currently the #1 most recommended book on this podcast. The book has sold over 1 million copies and has been translated into 23 languages. Before writing, Kim was a CEO coach at Dropbox, Qualtrics, Twitter, and other tech companies. She was also a member of the faculty at Apple University and before that led AdSense, YouTube, and DoubleClick teams at Google. This spring she’ll be launching Radical Respect, which she considers to be a prequel to Radical Candor. In today’s conversation, we go deep on Kim’s popular framework, including:• What separates radical candor and obnoxious aggression• Tactical advice on delivering constructive feedback• How well-meaning empathy can become ruinous• Strategies for effectively soliciting and responding to feedback• The importance of having regular career conversations• The false dichotomy of a good leader versus a kind person• A sneak peek into Radical Respect—Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/radical-candor-from-theory-to-practice—Where to find Kim Scott:• X: https://twitter.com/kimballscott• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kimm4/• Website: https://www.radicalcandor.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kim’s background(03:13) A brief overview of Radical Candor(06:46) How people fail with ruinous empathy, manipulative insincerity, and obnoxious aggression(08:37) The impact of radical candor on Kim’s life(14:16) How to communicate feedback effectively(20:34) A story illustrating the problem with ruinous empathy and manipulative insincerity(27:50) How to get over the need to be liked(31:31) How to have career conversations with your direct reports(29:40) Reflections on how Kim handled an underperforming employee(33:31) Best practices for soliciting feedback as a leader(35:53) How to respond to feedback(39:22) How often to ask for feedback(41:48) Whether or not to accept “no feedback” as an answer(50:48) Investing time in feedback(54:04) How to ask for feedback as an employee(57:42) Why obnoxious aggression is not the best way to deliver feedback(1:01:23) A notable example of problematic management (1:03:43) Why context matters when diagnosing obnoxious aggression (1:07:39) Empathy is a good thing, but empathy can paralyze(1:10:47) Reflections on the limitations of radical candor in a society riddled with biases (1:14:41) Kim’s new book, Radical Respect(1:15:51) Tactical advice to get better at radical candor(1:16:46) Lightning round—Referenced:• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Kick-Ass-Without-Humanity/dp/1250103509• Radical Respect: How to Work Together Better: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Respect-Work-Together-Better/dp/1250623766/• The Office (American version) on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-office• Radical Candor diagram: https://www.radicalcandor.com/our-approach/• A behavioral scientist explains why we should reacquaint ourselves with the telephone: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/nicholas-epley-explains-why-phone-calls-can-connect-us-better-zoom• How to get promoted: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-get-promoted• When They Win, You Win: Being a Great Manager Is Simpler Than You Think: https://www.amazon.com/When-They-Win-You-Manager/dp/1250279666• Peter Kazanjy on X: https://twitter.com/Kazanjy• Christa Quarles on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christaquarles/• Jason Rosoff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-r-rosoff/• Andrew Grove: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Grove• Columbo on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Columbo-Season-1/dp/B008SA89HA• Squid Game on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81040344• Leveraging mentors to uplevel your career | Jules Walter (YouTube, Slack): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/leveraging-mentors-to-uplevel-your-career-jules-walter-youtube-slack/• Poor Charlie’s Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger: https://www.amazon.com/Poor-Charlies-Almanack-Essential-Charles/dp/1953953239• Bridgewater: https://www.bridgewater.com/• The Fund: Ray Dalio, Bridgewater Associates, and the Unraveling of a Wall Street Legend: https://www.amazon.com/Fund-Bridgewater-Associates-Unraveling-Street/dp/1250276934/• Tim Cook on X: https://twitter.com/tim_cook• Elon Musk: https://www.amazon.com/Elon-Musk-Walter-Isaacson/dp/1982181281• Building high-performing teams | Melissa Tan (Webflow, Dropbox, Canva): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-high-performing-teams-melissa-tan-webflow-dropbox-canva/• Middlemarch: https://www.amazon.com/Middlemarch-Penguin-Classics-George-Eliot/dp/0141439548• The Bluest Eye: https://www.amazon.com/Bluest-Eye-Vintage-International/dp/0307278441• Song of Solomon: https://www.amazon.com/Song-Solomon-Toni-Morrison/dp/140003342X• Orlando: https://www.amazon.com/Orlando-Biography-Virginia-Woolf/dp/015670160X• The Color Purple: https://www.amazon.com/Color-Purple-Novel-Alice-Walker/dp/0143135694• The Deptford Trilogy: Fifth Business; The Manticore; World of Wonders: https://www.amazon.com/Deptford-Trilogy-Business-Manticore-Wonders/dp/0140147551• Grey’s Anatomy on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70140391• My year of saying yes to everything: https://www.ted.com/talks/shonda_rhimes_my_year_of_saying_yes_to_everything• Attitude: https://attitudeliving.com/collections/adult-hair-care• Dostoevsky books: https://www.amazon.com/Fyodor-Dostoevsky-Books/s?k=Fyodor+Dostoevsky—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Anuj Rathi is the Chief Product and Marketing Officer at Jupiter Money, where he leads product management, marketing, design, growth, and analytics. Before Jupiter Money, Anuj served as the Senior Vice President of Revenue and Growth at Swiggy, VP of Product at SnapDeal, a Senior PM at Walmart Labs and the first-ever PM at Flipkart. He’s also one of the most beloved and respected product leaders in India. In this episode, we discuss:• How product management is different in India• How to rethink your approach to new users• How Anuj operationalizes the “working backwards” framework• Why Anuj thinks PMs should be more full-stack than they are• How to use Anuj’s “4BB” framework to get better at product strategy and prioritization• Advice on developing innovative roadmap ideas• The three essential skills of a successful PM• Three reasons why leadership fails• Why OKRs don’t work in marketplaces—Brought to you by Sanity—The most customizable content layer to power your growth engine | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-full-stack-pm-anuj-rathi-swiggy—Where to find Anuj Rathi:• X: https://twitter.com/anujrathi• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anujrathi1—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Anuj’s background(04:28) How product differs in India (08:34) When modern product thinking started to gain traction in India(14:01) How Anuj thinks about new-user experiences(15:07) Scott Belsky’s “lazy, vain, and selfish” framework (19:59) Why PMs must understand category consumers(22:30) Anuj’s philosophy on the PM job(23:59) How Anuj applies the working-backwards framework(28:36) The importance of FAQs(30:10) The full-stack PM mindset(33:06) Anuj’s “show don’t tell” framework(36:19) How to use the show-don’t-tell framework(39:14) The impact of using this framework(41:27) Anuj’s “4BB framework” for product strategy(48:59) Contrarian corner(50:49) Anuj’s “framework of 3” for great PMs(52:34) How to develop grit and influence(54:00) Three reasons why leaders fail (56:21) AI corner(57:51) Lessons from building a successful marketplace(1:02:19) How to balance and maintain stability on all sides of a marketplace(1:07:48) Lightning round—Referenced:• MakeMyTrip: https://www.makemytrip.com/• Shaadi.com: https://www.shaadi.com/• Bharat Matrimony: https://www.bharatmatrimony.com/• Flipkart: https://www.flipkart.com/• Ola: https://www.olacabs.com/mobile• Swiggy: https://www.swiggy.com/• Jio: https://www.jio.com/• UPI: http://cashlessindia.gov.in/upi.html• The First 15 Seconds by Scott Belsky: https://medium.com/positiveslope/the-first-15-seconds-9590d7dabc• Jupiter: https://jupiter.money/• How to get better at influence: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-get-better-at-influence#• Working Backwards: https://www.workingbackwards.com/• Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World: https://www.amazon.com/Range-Generalists-Triumph-Specialized-World/dp/0735214484• In Search of Greatness on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Search-Greatness-Wayne-Gretzky/dp/B07P5X99P5• Team Topologies: Organizing Business and Technology Teams for Fast Flow: https://www.amazon.com/Team-Topologies-Organizing-Business-Technology/dp/1942788819• Conway’s Law: https://www.atlassian.com/blog/teamwork/what-is-conways-law-acmi• Lessons from scaling Spotify: The science of product, taking risky bets, and how AI is already impacting the future of music | Gustav Söderström (Co-President, CPO, and CTO at Spotify): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-spotify-the-science-of-product-taking-risky-bets-and-how-ai-is-already-impac/• Taobao: https://world.taobao.com/• Alibaba: https://offer.alibaba.com/• Working Backwards: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-PB/dp/1529033845• How Brands Grow: What Marketers Don't Know: https://www.amazon.com/How-Brands-Grow-What-Marketers/dp/0195573560• The Luxury Strategy: Break the Rules of Marketing to Build Luxury Brands: https://www.amazon.com/Luxury-Strategy-Break-Marketing-Brands/dp/0749464917• The Office on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-office• Rise: https://www.risescience.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ebi Atawodi is Director of Product Management for the Creator Experience at YouTube, former Head of Product at Uber, and a former Director of Product (Payments and EMEA) at Netflix. Known for crafting a strong, unified vision, Ebi empowers her teams to achieve outsized outcomes. In today’s episode, we go deep into vision and strategy, including:• The four key elements of a good vision statement• Three ways to determine your mission• The four pillars of great product management• How writing helps you gain clarity• How culture influences product• Tips on how to structure a strategy session• Advice on building team culture and improving work relationships• What’s coming soon at YouTube—Brought to you by Sidebar—Accelerate your career by surrounding yourself with extraordinary peers | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/crafting-a-compelling-product-vision—Where to find Ebi Atawodi:• X: https://twitter.com/ebiatawodi• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ebiatawodi• YouTube mixes: https://www.youtube.com/@EbiAtawodi/videos—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ebi’s background(04:31) Four key elements of a product vision(08:14) Examples of lofty but attainable visions(11:43) Vision vs. mission (13:23) Examples of visions and missions from notable companies(15:00) A simple framework for outlining a vision (20:51) Other methods for outlining a vision (23:29) The impact of writing clear headlines(26:41) Using mockups to frame your vision(28:24) A step-by-step approach to developing a vision(32:58) Ebi’s “10 Things” document(37:47) A quick summary of Ebi’s tips(40:56) How to use the “10 Things” doc in a strategy session(43:11) The three concentric circles of evangelizing (47:48) The cadence of developing a vision and bringing it to life(49:26) Visions vs. micro visions(52:58) First steps in developing a vision(55:12) Infrastructure is the product(56:39) Clarity and conviction, the main jobs of PMs(59:58) Ebi’s narrative doc(1:04:59) Conviction, its role in the job, and how to build it(1:08:20) How to build company culture(1:17:06) The monolithic culture at Uber(1:19:09) The culture Ebi embeds in her teams(1:23:58) How to evaluate your relationship with your engineering manager (1:26:02) What’s new at YouTube(1:29:22) Ebi’s closing thoughts(1:30:45) Lightning round—Referenced:• Andre Albuquerque on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andre-albuquerque• TED’s mission: https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization• Stripe’s operating principles: https://stripe.com/jobs/culture• Microsoft’s vision and mission: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/about• Tesla’s mission statement: https://www.tesla.com/blog/mission-tesla• Lyft’s mission on Comparably: https://www.comparably.com/companies/lyft/mission• Ebi’s playbooks and templates: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1tU3jpbq_xHcF4x1bdANCVBsO6rbQ8h1HqvdQfwGW4MA/edit• Working Backwards Press Release Template and Example: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/working-backwards-press-release-template-example-ian-mcallister/• Patrick Collison on X: https://twitter.com/patrickc• Seinfeld meme: https://seinfeldmemes.com/you-know-how-to-take-the-reservation/• Travis Kalanick on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/traviskalanick/• Wimdu: https://www.wimdu.com/• Leaving big tech to build the #1 technology newsletter | Gergely Orosz (The Pragmatic Engineer): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/leaving-big-tech-to-build-the-1-technology-newsletter-gergely-orosz-the-pragmatic-engineer/• The 48 Laws of Power: https://www.amazon.com/48-Laws-Power-Robert-Greene/dp/0140280197• The God of Small Things: https://www.amazon.com/God-Small-Things-Novel/dp/0812979656/• Outliers: The Story of Success: https://www.amazon.com/Outliers-Story-Success-Malcolm-Gladwell/dp/0316017930• All About Love: https://www.amazon.com/All-About-Love-New-Visions/dp/0060959479• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f• Scavengers Reign on Max: https://www.max.com/shows/scavengers-reign/50c8ce6d-088c-42d9-9147-d1b19b1289d4• Sleep Cycle: https://www.sleepcycle.com/• Nanit: https://www.nanit.com/• “Invictus” by William Ernest Henley: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/51642/invictus• Burning Man: https://burningman.org/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Inbal Shani is the chief product officer at GitHub, where she leads core product management, along with product strategy, marketing, open source, and communities, including the development of GitHub Copilot. Prior to joining GitHub, she led engineering and product teams at Amazon and Microsoft. In today’s conversation, we discuss:• What Inbal believes is overhyped and underhyped in the rapidly changing field of AI• How AI-driven code generation is changing software development• Her take on whether AI will replace developers• How software development looks in 3 to 5 years• How product teams operate at GitHub• GitHub’s Next team, and other ways the company fosters a culture of innovation• The success metrics and philosophy behind GitHub’s Copilot—Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Sanity—The most customizable content layer to power your growth engine | HelpBar by Chameleon—The free in-app universal search solution built for SaaS—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-future-of-ai-in-software-development-inbal-shani-cpo-of-github/#transcript—Where to find Inbal Shani:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/inbalshani/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Inbal’s background(04:17) Why generative AI is not going to replace developers in the near future (05:54) Why AI-driven testing is underhyped(07:48) What the next 3 to 5 years will look like(10:13) Stats around the use of GitHub Copilot (12:07) How Copilot enables engineers to work more efficiently(13:38) Common mistakes when adopting AI into your workflows(16:42) How GitHub operationalizes “dogfooding”(18:46) The philosophy behind Copilot(20:24) Copilot’s success metrics(24:54) How Copilot encourages collaboration(26:37) What we lose when AI writes code for us(29:35) A retrospective on the generative AI space(30:47) Inbal’s thoughts on the future of AI(32:35) How to make space for innovative product ideas(34:37) How GitHub stays on the cutting edge of innovation(36:44) The GitHub Next team(39:20) Advice for early product managers(42:17) Inbal’s “biggest learning” from her career(45:34) Inbal’s closing thoughts(46:19) Lightning round—Referenced:• How to measure and improve developer productivity | Nicole Forsgren (Microsoft Research, GitHub, Google): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-measure-and-improve-developer-productivity-nicole-forsgren-microsoft-research-github-goo/• DORA: https://dora.dev/• The role of AI in product development | Ryan J. Salva (VP of Product at GitHub, Copilot): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-role-of-ai-in-new-product-development-ryan-j-salva-vp-of-product-at-github-copilot/• GitHub Universe 2023 day 2 keynote: The productivity platform for all developers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_o9kFPVeiw• Satya Nadella on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satyanadella/• TomTom: https://www.tomtom.com/• Failing Forward: Turning Mistakes into Stepping Stones for Success: https://www.amazon.com/Failing-Forward-Turning-Mistakes-Stepping/dp/0785288570/• Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don’t: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Great-Some-Companies-Others/dp/0066620996• Turning the Flywheel: A Monograph to Accompany Good to Great: https://www.amazon.com/Turning-Flywheel-Monograph-Accompany-Great/dp/0062933795• Dare to Lead Like a Girl: How to Survive and Thrive in the Corporate Jungle: https://www.amazon.com/Dare-Lead-Like-Girl-Corporate/dp/1538163527• All the Light We Cannot See on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81083008• The Wheel of Time on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Wheel-Time-Season-1/dp/B09F59CZ7R—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

This is a special episode of the podcast where I’ve curated my favorite interview questions that guests have shared, among over 100 podcast guests. Whether you’re a hiring manager, currently interviewing, or simply intrigued by the creative and perceptive questions that top product leaders rely on to find top talent, these questions offer unique insights into the strategies and philosophies that shape successful interviews.—Brought to you by Sendbird—The (all-in-one) communications API platform for mobile apps | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the transcript at: ⁠https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/my-favorite-interview-questions-from—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, you’ll hear from:(00:00) Lenny(03:21) Eeke De Miliano(03:57) Geoff Charles(04:31) Shishir Mehrotra(08:44) Yuhki Yamashita(09:56) Katie Dill(10:36) Karri Saarinen(11:02) Camille Hearst(11:28) Jiaona Zhang(12:43) Noah Weiss(13:10) Ben Williams(14:41) Meltem Kuran Berkowitz(15:29) Paige Costello(16:13) Nikhyl Singhal(17:51) Ayo Omojola(18:20) Scott Belsky(19:17) Lauryn Isford(19:46) Paul Adams—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Tom Conrad is the CEO of Zero and on the board of Sonos. He began his career in engineering at Apple, where he helped build key features that remain in iOS today. Tom was previously the VP of Product at Snap and the chief technology officer of Pandora. He also held leadership positions at notable tech flops Pets.com and Quibi, giving him a unique perspective not only on what it takes to build a successful company but also on lessons from failure. In today’s conversation, we discuss:• Lessons learned from the infamous failures of Pets.com and Quibi• Lessons learned from the successes of Apple, Pandora, and Snap• Advice on choosing where to work• Understanding the math formula of a business• How to avoid burnout• Why Tom says not everyone needs to be a founder• What he’s building now—Brought to you by Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | HelpBar by Chameleon—the free in-app universal search solution built for SaaS—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/billion-dollar-failures-and-billion—Where to find Tom Conrad:• X: https://twitter.com/tconrad• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomconrad/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Tom’s background(04:40) Landing a gig at Apple(07:41) Pioneering the blinking folder design on iOS(11:04) Advice on choosing where to work(12:43) The importance of trusting your gut when it comes to people(14:05) Lessons from failed ventures(17:32) Why and how Pets.com shut down (18:30) How Tom’s experience at Quibi renewed his passion for building(28:48) Takeaways from Quibi and why it ultimately failed(31:42) Failing is okay(35:04) Tom’s career at Apple(39:11) Lessons from You Don’t Know Jack(40:24) Lessons from building Pandora(48:24) Looking back at Pandora and what could have been done differently(55:17) How Tom became VP of Product at Snapchat(1:01:31) Tom’s philosophy on being involved as CEO(1:05:51) Tom’s current role as CEO of Zero, and what he’s learned along the way(1:10:37) How Zero builds product(1:18:33) Advice on work-life balance (1:27:22) Contrarian corner: why not everyone needs to be a founder(1:30:08) Lightning round—Referenced:• Ron Lichty on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronlichty/• What happened to Pets.com?: https://fourweekmba.com/pets-com-failure/• 11 reasons why Quibi crashed and burned in less than a year: https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/22/21528404/quibi-shut-down-cost-subscribers-content-tv-movies-katzenberg-whitman-tiktok-netflix• Meg Whitman: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meg_Whitman• Jeffrey Katzenberg on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffrey-katzenberg-4b3b47123/• John Sculley on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnsculley/• Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/• How Pandora Soothed the Savage Beast: https://www.fastcompany.com/3001052/how-pandora-soothed-savage-beast• Joe Kennedy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/joe-kennedy-329417/• Why Did Yahoo Pay $160 Million for Musicmatch?: https://www.wired.com/2007/07/why-did-yahoo-p/• TikTok Is the New TV: https://www.wired.com/story/tiktok-new-show-tv-takeover/• Evan Spiegel on X: https://twitter.com/evanspiegel• Brian Chesky’s new playbook: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/• What sets great teams apart | Lane Shackleton (CPO of Coda): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-sets-great-teams-apart-lane-shackleton-cpo-of-coda/• Flashtags: https://lane.substack.com/p/flashtags• Patrick Spence on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickspence/• The Philosophy of Ikigai: 3 Examples About Finding Purpose: https://positivepsychology.com/ikigai• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life: https://www.amazon.com/Subtle-Art-Not-Giving-Counterintuitive/dp/0062457713• High Growth Handbook: Scaling Startups from 10 to 10,000 People: https://www.amazon.com/High-Growth-Handbook-Elad-Gil/dp/1732265100• Hyperion: https://www.amazon.com/Hyperion-Cantos-Dan-Simmons/dp/0553283685• A Fire Upon the Deep: https://www.amazon.com/Fire-Upon-Deep-Zones-Thought/dp/0812515285/• Mrs. Davis on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/mrs-davis• Watchmen on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/watchmen• Lost on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/lost-466b3994-b574-44f1-88bc-63707507a6cb• Eartune replacement tips: https://eartune.com/products/eartune-fidelity-ufa• Charles Eames’s quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/charles_eames_169188• Compuserve: https://www.compuserve.com/• Steve Wilhite: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wilhite—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Paul Millerd spent several years working in strategy consulting and on the “default path” before deciding to walk away to work on his own in 2017. His book, The Pathless Path, chronicles his own journey and deep dive into the history of work and has been read by more than 40,000 people. His podcast, The Pathless Path Podcast, highlights conversations with others following unconventional paths. He also runs the online training business StrategyU, helping people learn the skills of consulting without having to work in the industry. In our conversation, Paul shares:• An explanation of the “default path” and the “pathless path”• Signs you may be stuck on the default path• How to inch your way toward the pathless path• Why Paul suggests everyone should take a three-month sabbatical• Tips for embracing fear and betting on yourself• How to work through the fear of losing money and prestige—Brought to you by Sanity—The most customizable content layer to power your growth engine | Maui Nui Venison—The healthiest red meat on the planet delivered directly to your door | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/redefining-success-money-and-belonging-paul-millerd-the-pathless-path/—Where to find Paul Millerd:• X: https://twitter.com/p_millerd• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulmillerd/• Website: https://pathlesspath.com/• Newsletter: https://newsletter.pathlesspath.com • YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCofS_FvauuHc-x6mq7yz6nA• Podcast: https://think-boundless.com/podcast/• Email: paul@strategyu.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Paul’s background(04:33) An explanation of the “default path”(06:32) Questions to help clarify which path you are on(07:35) Paul’s thoughts on “remixing your path”(09:57) An explanation of the “pathless path” (12:06) Examples of the pathless path(13:54) Why meaning is hard to find and sustain on a traditional career path (16:05) A case for the three-month sabbatical (18:16) A mindfulness and self-reflection exercise(20:18) Why Paul recommends three months(22:28) Advice to founders on offering sabbaticals(23:40) Other tactics for self-discovery(27:08) The variability of income in self-employed roles (29:12) Methods for staying afloat after leaving your job(30:42) Tips for reframing your thoughts around money(33:19) Why betting on yourself usually works out(34:46) The importance of setting aside time for creative pursuits(36:22) How to dip your toes in and find your path (37:53) Lenny’s personal journey(39:27) Advice on dealing with the naysayers (40:22) How to acknowledge and tame your fears(44:52) The “ship, quit, and learn” framework(46:39) Why the pathless path is one of constant reinvention(51:27) Paul’s response to criticism (58:02) First steps for getting started on your journey(55:42) Lightning round—Referenced:• The Pathless Path: Imagining a New Story for Work and Life: https://www.amazon.com/Pathless-Path-Imagining-Story-Work/dp/B09QF6Q421• David Autor on X: https://twitter.com/davidautor• Tim Ferriss’s blog: https://tim.blog/• Why you should define your fears instead of your goals | Tim Ferriss: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5J6jAC6XxAI• How Lenny Rachitsky Got 531,000 Substack Subscribers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMZem1NYfpM• The Lindy effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect• StrategyU: https://strategyu.co/• David Deming’s website: https://www.daviddeming.com/nyt-columns• The Great Work of Your Life: A Guide for the Journey to Your True Calling: https://www.amazon.com/Great-Work-Your-Life-Journey/dp/0553386077• Wanting: The Power of Mimetic Desire in Everyday Life: https://www.amazon.com/Wanting-Power-Mimetic-Desire-Everyday/dp/1250262488• Roadrunner: A Film About Anthony Bourdain: https://www.hbo.com/movies/roadrunner-a-film-about-anthony-bourdain• Nuna travel stroller: https://nunababy.com/usa/trvl-easy-fold-compact-stroller• Build Your Own Chatbot with OpenAI GPT-3 and Streamlit: https://medium.com/@avra42/build-your-own-chatbot-with-openai-gpt-3-and-streamlit-6f1330876846—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Melissa Perri is the CEO of Produx Labs, a product management training organization; author of the seminal PM book The Build Trap; and a former Harvard Business School professor of product management. Denise Tilles is the CPO at Grocket, Melissa’s colleague at Produx Labs, and a seasoned product leader with over a decade of experience. Together they authored the new book Product Operations: How successful companies build better products at scale. In today’s episode, they share insights, strategies, and real-world experiences to master all things product ops. We discuss:• What exactly product operations is• The three pillars of the product ops role• The biggest benefits of adding product ops to your organization• Which tasks product managers should offload to product ops and which they need to own• How to help PMs embrace the value of product ops• Examples of companies that have implemented product ops well• Who and how to hire for this role—This entire episode is brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-product-operations-melissa-perri-and-denise-tilles/#transcript—Where to find Melissa Perri:• X: https://twitter.com/lissijean• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/melissajeanperri/• Website: https://produxlabs.com/—Where to find Denise Tilles:• X: https://twitter.com/dtilles• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/denisetilles/• Website: https://www.denisetilles.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) About our guests, Melissa Perri and Denise Tilles(03:46) How common is the product operations role?(07:41) The benefits of having a product ops person in your organization(09:16) How to help PMs embrace the value of product ops(11:44) The three pillars of the product ops role(15:25) How user research fits in(18:35) Why product ops will be an essential role for product managers to thrive(24:24) Which tasks product managers should offload to product ops and which they need to own(28:58) Project management vs. product ops(29:44) The jobs of a product ops person(37:38) Why the product ops role will never become obsolete(39:31) How many product ops people you need(45:13) First steps in building out a product ops team(47:06) What to look for in your first hire(51:11) Key skills needed for a product ops person(57:29) Who product ops should report to(59:50) An example of rolling out product ops at Athena Health(1:09:35) Lightning round—Referenced:• Product Operations: How successful companies build better products at scale: https://www.productoperations.com/• Produx Labs: https://produxlabs.com• How to create a winning product strategy | Melissa Perri: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-create-a-winning-product-strategy-melissa-perri/• Blake Samic on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/blakesamic/• Escaping the Build Trap: How Effective Product Management Creates Real Value: https://www.amazon.com/Escaping-Build-Trap-Effective-Management/dp/149197379X• Athena Health: https://www.athenahealth.com/• Pendo: https://www.pendo.io/• PopSQL: https://popsql.com/• Understanding the role of product ops | Christine Itwaru (Pendo): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/understanding-the-role-of-product-ops-christine-itwaru-pendo/• Doodle: https://doodle.com/en/• Stephanie Leue on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanie-leue/• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Dovetail: https://dovetail.com/• Looker: https://cloud.google.com/looker/• Brian Bhuta on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianbhuta/• How to sell your ideas and rise within your company | Casey Winters, Eventbrite: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Thinking beyond frameworks | Casey Winters (Pinterest, Eventbrite, Airbnb, Tinder, Canva, Reddit, Grubhub): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/thinking-beyond-frameworks-casey-winters-pinterest-eventbrite-airbnb-tinder-canva-reddit-grubhub/• Shared services model: https://www.gartner.com/en/finance/insights/shared-services-model• Shintaro Matsui on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/smatsui/• Tableau: https://www.tableau.com/• Jen Cardello on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jencardello/• Tim Davenport on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-davenport-28249b9/• Traffic: Genius, Rivalry, and Delusion in the Billion-Dollar Race to Go Viral: https://www.amazon.com/Traffic-Genius-Rivalry-Delusion-Billion-Dollar/dp/0593299752• The Art of Action: https://www.amazon.com/Art-Action-10th-Anniversary/dp/1529376963• Continuous Discovery Habits: Discover Products that Create Customer Value and Business Value: https://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Discovery-Habits-Discover-Products/dp/1736633309• Deutschland89 on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/deutschland-89-a4cf05f7-b4f2-44c7-84a1-4034671944b9• The Fall of the House of Usher on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81414665• Love Is Blind on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80996601• The Haunting of Hill House on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80189221• Dragonboat: https://dragonboat.io/solution/product-operations/• Vistaly: https://www.vistaly.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brian Chesky is the co-founder and CEO of Airbnb. Under Brian’s leadership, Airbnb has grown into a community of over 4 million hosts who have welcomed more than 1.5 billion guests across over 220 countries and regions. I had the privilege of working under his leadership, so it is a great honor to have him on the show. We discuss:• How Airbnb has shifted their thinking on product management• Why bureaucracy happens in companies, and how to avoid it• The importance of founders diving into the details• Why Airbnb moved away from traditional growth channels and what they are doing instead• Airbnb’s newly released features• How and why Brian encourages his team to set ambitious goals• Why he says he still has a lot to prove—Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-cheskys-new-playbook/#transcript—Where to find Brian Chesky:• X: https://twitter.com/bchesky• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianchesky/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Brian’s background(05:18) The current structure of product management at Airbnb(09:21) How fast-moving companies become slow-moving bureaucracies(12:20) Brian’s thoughts on performance marketing(13:50) Airbnb’s rolling two-year roadmap(15:30) Brian’s journey as CEO in a growing company(18:34) Best practices for A/B testing (20:30) Who inspired Airbnb’s new direction(23:18) The first changes Brian implemented at the onset of the pandemic(24:51) Why founders should be “in the details” (30:15) Airbnb’s marketing, communication, and creative functions(31:38) Advice for founders on how to lead(34:15) Tips for implementing Airbnb’s business methodology (38:48) Airbnb’s winter release(41:47) Why Airbnb no longer has separate guest and host teams (42:38) Brian’s thoughts on design trends (45:36) The importance of empowering hosts with great tools(45:57) How setting ambitious goals improves team performance (50:05) Tips for preventing burnout(56:02) Tips for personal and professional growth (58:19) Why Brian says he still has a lot to prove(1:02:58) Paying it forward(1:05:03) A fun fact about Brian(1:09:26) Airbnb’s origin story—Referenced:• Localmind: https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/localmind• Config 2023 in review: https://www.figma.com/blog/config-2023-recap/• Why Founders Fail: The Product CEO Paradox: https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/10/why-founders-fail-the-product-ceo-paradox/• Hiroki Asai on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hiroki-asai-a44137110/• Jony Ive on Crunchbase: https://www.crunchbase.com/person/jonathan-ive• Charles Eames: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Eames• Airbnb 2023 Winter Release: https://news.airbnb.com/en-in/airbnb-2023-winter-release-introducing-guest-favorites-a-collection-of-the-2-million-most-loved-homes-on-airbnb/• Airbnb 2023 winter release reel: https://x.com/bchesky/status/1722243847751970861?s=20• John Wooden’s website: https://coachwooden.com/• An 85-year Harvard study found the No. 1 thing that makes us happy in life: It helps us ‘live longer’: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/10/85-year-harvard-study-found-the-secret-to-a-long-happy-and-successful-life.html• Sam Altman on X: https://twitter.com/sama• Alfred P. Sloan: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan• Bob Dylan quote: https://quotefancy.com/quote/950807/Bob-Dylan-An-artist-has-got-to-be-careful-never-really-to-arrive-at-a-place-where-he• OpenAI: https://openai.com/• Michael Seibel’s website: https://www.michaelseibel.com/• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• The Norman Rockwell Museum: https://www.nrm.org/• Rhode Island School of Design: https://www.risd.edu/• Joe Gebbia on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jgebbia/• Nathan Blecharczyk on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/blecharczyk/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ramesh Johari is a professor at Stanford University focusing on data science methods and practice, as well as the design and operation of online markets and platforms. Beyond academia, Ramesh has advised some incredible startups, including Airbnb, Uber, Bumble, and Stitch Fix. Today we discuss:• What exactly a marketplace is, if you boil it down• What you need to get right to build a successful marketplace• How to optimize any marketplace• An easy litmus test to see if there’s an opportunity to build a marketplace in the space• The role of data science in successful marketplaces• Ramesh’s philosophy on experimentation and AI• Advice on implementing rating systems• Why learning isn’t free—Brought to you by Sanity—The most customizable content layer to power your growth engine | Hex—Helping teams ask and answer data questions by working together | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/marketplace-lessons-from-uber-airbnb-bumble-and-more-ramesh-johari-stanford-professor-startup/—Where to find Ramesh Johari:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rameshjohari/• Website: https://web.stanford.edu/~rjohari/• X: https://twitter.com/rameshjohari—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ramesh’s background(04:31) A brief overview of what a marketplace is(08:10) The role of data science in marketplaces(11:21) Common flaws of marketplaces(16:43) Why every founder is a marketplace founder(20:26) How Substack increased value to creators by driving demand(20:58) An example of overcommitting at eBay(22:24) An easy litmus test for marketplaces (25:52) Thoughts on employees vs. contractors(28:02) How to leverage data scientists to improve your marketplace(34:10) Correlation vs. causation(35:27) Decisions that should be made using data(39:29) Ramesh’s philosophy on experimentation(41:06) How to find a balance between running experiments and finding new opportunities(44:11) Badging in marketplaces(46:04) The “superhost” badge at Airbnb(49:59) How marketplaces are like a game of Whac-A-Mole(52:41) How to shift an organization’s focus from impact to learning(55:43) Frequentist vs. Bayesian A/B testing (57:50) The idea that learning is costly(1:01:55) The basics of rating systems(1:04:41) The problem with averaging(1:07:14) Double-blind reviews at Airbnb(1:08:55) How large language models are affecting data science(1:11:27) Lightning round—Referenced:• Riley Newman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rileynewman/• Upwork (formerly Odesk): https://www.upwork.com/• Ancient Agora: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens• Trajan’s Market: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market• Kayak: https://www.kayak.com/• UrbanSitter: https://www.urbansitter.com/• Thumbtack: https://www.thumbtack.com/• Substack: https://substack.com/• Ebay: https://www.ebay.com/• Coase: “The Nature of the Firm”: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_the_Firm• Stitch Fix: https://www.stitchfix.com/• A/B Testing with Fat Tails: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/710607• The ultimate guide to A/B testing | Ronny Kohavi (Airbnb, Microsoft, Amazon): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-ab-testing-ronny-kohavi-airbnb-microsoft-amazon/• Servaes Tholen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/servaestholen/• Bayesian A/B Testing: A More Calculated Approach to an A/B Test: https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/bayesian-ab-testing• Designing Informative Rating Systems: Evidence from an Online Labor Market: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.13028• Reputation and Feedback Systems in Online Platform Markets: https://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/stadelis/Annual_Review_Tadelis.pdf• How to Lie with Statistics: https://www.amazon.com/How-Lie-Statistics-Darrell-Huff/dp/0393310728• David Freedman’s books on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/David-Freedman/author/B001IGLSGA• Four Thousand Weeks: Time Management for Mortals: https://www.amazon.com/Four-Thousand-Weeks-Management-Mortals/dp/0374159122• The Alpinist on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Alpinist-Peter-Mortimer/dp/B09KYDWVVC• Only Murders in the Building on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/only-murders-in-the-building-ef31c7e1-cd0f-4e07-848d-1cbfedb50ddf—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Maggie Crowley is VP of product at Toast and previously vice president and head of product at Charlie Health, senior director of product management at Drift, and a PM at TripAdvisor. She’s also the host of Build, a podcast dedicated to product and product management. In today’s conversation, Maggie shares:• The value of building a broad-based PM skill set• Three qualities of the best product managers• A step-by-step guide for crafting a product strategy• How to break into PM• Why great writing is often just simplifying your writing• Why being too data-driven is a red flag• The impact of content creation on Maggie’s career—Brought to you by Productroadmap.ai—AI to connect your roadmaps to revenue | Composer—the AI-powered trading platform | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/mastering-product-strategy-and-growing-as-a-pm-maggie-crowley-toast-drift-tripadvisor/—Where to find Maggie Crowley:• X: https://twitter.com/maggiecrowley• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maggie-crowley-42a97112/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Maggie’s background(04:06) Three common traits among the best product managers(09:33) Strategy is an important but small part of the job(11:14) How to get better at simplification(13:39) Tips on simplifying your writing(15:13) Ownership as a PM(17:53) Examples of simplifying your work(19:39) Maggie’s Slack support group(21:37) How to improve on following up on your work(23:23) A realistic time horizon for PMs(26:31) Staying in your role vs. trying a new opportunity(27:37) The importance of “carrying the water” (28:56) Pros and cons of the PM job(31:42) Advice on landing a PM role(34:36) Maggie’s step-by-step process for writing your product strategy(39:55) Not every feature needs a strategy(46:29) The value of working through the process(48:09) Maggie’s one-pager doc (54:16) Contrarian corner(55:44) The worst product Maggie ever shipped(58:33) Why being “data-driven” is a red flag(1:01:10) Content creation as a career accelerator(1:14:27) Closing thoughts(1:15:17) Lightning round—Referenced:• David Cancel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dcancel/• On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction: https://www.amazon.com/Writing-Well-Classic-Guide-Nonfiction/dp/0060891548• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• The Minto Pyramid Principle and the SCR Framework: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/minto-pyramid-principle-scr• Drift: https://www.drift.com/• Maggies Top 5 Product Lessons for 2021: https://www.drift.com/podcasts/build/?wchannelid=hg0p3zf4yx&wmediaid=nxrdvmotr3• Unpacking Amazon’s unique ways of working | Bill Carr (author of Working Backwards): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/unpacking-amazons-unique-ways-of-working-bill-carr-author-of-working-backwards/• Inside Linear: Building with taste, craft, and focus | Karri Saarinen (co-founder, designer, CEO): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/inside-linear-building-with-taste-craft-and-focus-karri-saarinen-co-founder-designer-ceo/• Adam Medros on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amedros/• How Figma builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-figma-builds-product• Strategy Document Template: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1frggEj_gfFD4--8eNkkyY-zHryXbN5uIS8uiMDCYVes/edit• Shreyas Doshi on pre-mortems, the LNO framework, the three levels of product work, why most execution problems are strategy problems, and ROI vs. opportunity cost thinking: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/shreyas-doshi-on-pre-mortems-the-lno-framework-the-three-levels-of-product-work-why-most-execution-problems-are-strategy-problems-and-roi-vs-opportunity-cost-thinking/• Einstein quote: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/albert_einstein_122232• The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs: How to Be Insanely Great in Front of Any Audience: https://www.amazon.com/Presentation-Secrets-Steve-Jobs-Insanely/dp/0071636080• Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Dont Have All the Facts: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Bets-Making-Smarter-Decisions/dp/0735216371• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212/r• Slow Horses on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/slow-horses/umc.cmc.2szz3fdt71tl1ulnbp8utgq5o• Future: https://www.future.co/• Ladder: https://www.joinladder.com/• Pump Log: https://pumplogapp.com/• Huckleberry: https://huckleberrycare.com/• Toast: https://pos.toasttab.com/• Careers at Toast: https://careers.toasttab.com/homepage• What differentiates the highest-performing product teams | John Cutler (Amplitude, The Beautiful Mess): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-differentiates-the-highest-performing-product-teams-john-cutler-amplitude-the-beautiful-mess/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Bill Carr is the co-author of Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon. With a background at Amazon of over 15 years, Bill played a pivotal role in shaping the company’s global digital music and video ventures, including Amazon Music, Prime Video, and Amazon Studios. After Amazon, Bill was an Executive in Residence with Maveron, an early-stage, consumer-only venture capital firm. He later served as the chief operating officer of OfferUp, the largest mobile marketplace for local buyers and sellers in the U.S. Today he’s the co-founder of Working Backwards LLC, where he helps companies implement Amazon’s time-tested management strategies. In this episode, we discuss:• What exactly “working backwards” is, and how you do it• Why having “single-threaded leaders” is so effective• Inside Amazon’s intense product review process• How to actually follow the “disagree and commit” principle• The thinking behind the principle “Leaders are right, a lot”• Input vs. output metrics• Fostering a culture of risk-taking and innovation• The role and responsibilities of a “bar raiser” in your hiring, and how it significantly improves the success rate of new hires—Brought to you by AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/unpacking-amazons-unique-ways-of-working-bill-carr-author-of-working-backwards/—Where to find Bill Carr:• X: https://twitter.com/BillCarr89• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-carr/• Website: https://www.workingbackwards.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Bill’s background(04:26) Amazon’s workplace evolution(09:54) Amazon’s “fitness function”(11:44) Single-threaded leadership(18:07) Implementing a program orientation with single-threaded leadership(20:16) The GM model vs. single-threaded leadership(21:31) Functional countermeasures needed for single-threaded leadership(25:22) Embracing the “disagree and commit” principle(30:22) Understanding disagreements(32:41) Deciphering Amazon’s “Leaders are right, a lot” principle(35:25) An explanation of the working backwards framework(41:16) PR FAQ process: Amazon’s innovation engine(44:47) Deconstructing the PR FAQ structure(43:49) The concentric circle model for sharing PR FAQs(44:55) The customer problem-solution statement(47:52) Create a product funnel, not a product tunnel(51:19) How Amazon promotes action vs. talk(54:35) Amazon’s flywheel and input metrics(1:00:51) Signs you’ve got a good input metric(1:04:23) How mistakes can still be made with working backwards(1:06:54) Why disagreements aren’t necessarily signs products will fail(1:08:02) Examples of failed Amazon projects(1:09:55) Cultivating risk-taking and accepting failure(1:13:57) Amazon’s “bar-raiser” practice for hiring(1:18:21) Selecting Amazon’s bar raisers(1:20:41) Advice on implementing practices from Working Backwards(1:23:10) Bill’s work as an advisor(1:26:05) Lightning round—Referenced:• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• Jeff Bezos on X: https://twitter.com/jeffbezos• D.E. Shaw: https://www.deshaw.com/• Eric Ries’s website: https://theleanstartup.com/• GM business model: https://fourweekmba.com/general-motors-business-model/• Rick Dalzell on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/richarddalzell/• The Effective Decision by Peter F. Drucker: https://hbr.org/1967/01/the-effective-decision• Template: Working Backwards PR FAQ: https://www.workingbackwards.com/resources/working-backwards-pr-faq• Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don’t: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Great-Some-Companies-Others/dp/0066620996• The Amazon flywheel: https://feedvisor.com/resources/amazon-trends/amazon-flywheel-explained/• Sixsigma: https://www.6sigma.us/• Loonshots: How to Nurture the Crazy Ideas That Win Wars, Cure Diseases, and Transform Industries: https://www.amazon.com/Loonshots-Nurture-Diseases-Transform-Industries/dp/1250185963• Andy Jassy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andy-jassy-8b1615/• Implementing Amazon’s Bar Raiser Process in Hiring: A Quick Guide: https://www.barraiser.com/blogs/implementing-amazons-bar-raiser-process-in-hiring• Microspeak: The As-Appropriate (AA) interviewer: https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20231017-00/?p=108897• The Practice of Management: https://www.amazon.com/Practice-Management-Peter-F-Drucker/dp/0060878975• The Effective Executive: The Definitive Guide to Getting the Right Things Done: https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Executive-Definitive-Harperbusiness-Essentials/dp/0060833459• Steve Jobs: https://www.amazon.com/Steve-Jobs-Walter-Isaacson/dp/1451648537• Seveneves: https://www.amazon.com/Seveneves-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0062334514• A Gentleman in Moscow: https://www.amazon.com/A-Gentleman-in-Moscow/dp/0143110438• Dune on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Dune-Timoth%C3%A9e-Chalamet/dp/B09LJXY4PH• A Spy Among Friends: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15565872/• Zipp 303 Firecrest tubeless disc brake: https://www.sram.com/en/zipp/models/wh-303-ftld-a1• The Fifth Discipline: The Art & Practice of the Learning Organization: https://www.amazon.com/Fifth-Discipline-Practice-Learning-Organization/dp/0385517254—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Eric Ries is the creator of the Lean Startup methodology, author of the New York Times bestseller The Lean Startup, and founder of the Long-Term Stock Exchange (LTSE). He’s also a multi-time founder and currently advises startups, VC firms, and larger companies on business and product strategy. In today’s episode, we discuss:• The current state of the Lean Startup methodology• Common misconceptions about the Lean Startup methodology• Understanding how to actually think about MVPs (minimum viable products)• When to pivot and when to stay the course• Thoughts on AI and how to deal with uncertainty• How to structure your company around core values and create products that benefit humanity• The philosophy behind Eric’s current big idea: the Long-Term Stock Exchange• Much more—Brought to you by Sanity—The most customizable content layer to power your growth engine | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/reflections-on-a-movement-eric-ries-creator-of-the-lean-startup-methodology/#transcript—Where to find Eric Ries:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eries/• X: https://twitter.com/ericries• Website: https://theleanstartup.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Eric’s background(04:46) Eric’s recent activities and projects(06:23) Eric’s start in advising and first-principles thinking(10:56) Lessons from designing the Lean Startup process(14:04) The current state of lean startup methodology(22:33) Common misconceptions about the methodology(24:28) Changes Eric would make in an updated version of Lean Startup(27:52) An explanation of minimum viable product (MVP) and why Eric still stands by the process(37:36) An example of “Less is more”(41:24) More on MVPs and the importance of testing your hypotheses (41:24) How LTSE had to pivot after a partnership fell apart(48:37) Eric’s take on the concept of craft(53:36) Why getting fired for standing by your conviction can be a career accelerator(55:17) Tech’s mental health crisis(56:28) Advice for founders stuck in a “zombie company”(1:00:16) How continuous pivots shape a company’s vision, with a real-life story(1:08:20) Challenges in assessing companies from an external perspective(1:13:17) Practical advice for businesses considering a pivot(1:18:42) The impact of artificial intelligence(1:26:59) The current capabilities of ChatGPT and its potential use as an equalizer in the marketplace(1:31:26) Eric’s current work with founders on human flourishing(1:42:40) Advice for founders who want to build ethical companies (1:49:37) Examples of first-principles thinking(1:53:42) Why shareholder primacy theory is wrong(1:55:19) The “spiritual holding company” (1:58:12) Lightning round—Referenced:• The Long-Term Stock Exchange: https://ltse.com/• The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses: https://www.amazon.com/Lean-Startup-Entrepreneurs-Continuous-Innovation/dp/0307887898• Lean manufacturing: https://www.techtarget.com/searcherp/definition/lean-production• Six Sigma: https://www.6sigma.us/six-sigma.php• Clay Christensen: https://claytonchristensen.com/• Eric Ries on 4 Common Misconceptions About Lean Startup: https://www.entrepreneur.com/starting-a-business/eric-ries-on-4-common-misconceptions-about-lean-startup/286701• Anakin Skywalker meme: https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/for-the-better-right• Linear: Building with taste, craft, and focus | Karri Saarinen (co-founder, designer, CEO): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/inside-linear-building-with-taste-craft-and-focus-karri-saarinen-co-founder-designer-ceo/• Snow Crash: https://www.amazon.com/Snow-Crash-Neal-Stephenson/dp/0553380958• IMVU: https://about.imvu.com/• Ben Silbermann on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/silbermann/• Wonder Boy: Tony Hsieh, Zappos, and the Myth of Happiness in Silicon Valley: amazon.com/Wonder-Boy-Zappos-Happiness-Silicon/dp/1250829097• Understanding Steve Jobs’s Reality Distortion Field: https://www.emexmag.com/understanding-steve-jobs-reality-distortion-field• Paul Graham’s website:http://www.paulgraham.com/raham• Segment: https://segment.com/• Loom: https://www.loom.com/• The Slack story: https://www.paperflite.com/blogs/slack-story• The Social Network on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/ca/title/70132721• Thomas Kuhn: Paradigm Shift: https://www.simplypsychology.org/kuhn-paradigm.html• Conway’s Law: the little-known principle that influences your work more than you think: https://www.atlassian.com/blog/teamwork/what-is-conways-law-acmi• Monty Python and the Holy Grail Guards Scene on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVWH01E2weA• Toyota Production System: https://global.toyota/en/company/vision-and-philosophy/production-system/• Warren Buffett’s Forbes bio: https://www.forbes.com/profile/warren-buffett• The Enlightened Capitalists: Cautionary Tales of Business Pioneers Who Tried to Do Well by Doing Good: amazon.com/Enlightened-Capitalists-Cautionary-Business-Pioneers/dp/0062880241• The Grace of Kings (The Dandelion Dynasty): https://www.amazon.com/Grace-Kings-Dandelion-Dynasty/dp/148142428• All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries: https://www.amazon.com/All-Systems-Red-Murderbot-Diaries/dp/0765397536• Star Wars: Andor on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/series/star-wars-andor/3xsQKWG00GL5• Tesla Powerwall: https://www.tesla.com/powerwall• Levoit Classic 300S ultrasonic smart humidifier: https://www.amazon.com/LEVOIT-Humidifiers-Ultrasonic-Essential-Customized/dp/B09C24TYGQ• The Law of Sustainable Growth: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20121015181612-2157554-the-law-of-sustainable-growth/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Paul Adams is the longtime chief product officer at Intercom, where he leads the product management, product design, data science, and research teams. Before Intercom, Paul was the global head of brand design at Facebook, a senior user researcher at Google, and a product designer at Dyson. He’s also a best-selling author, a podcast host, and a public speaker. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Practical advice on integrating AI into your organization• Tips and tools for learning AI as a PM• Hilarious stories from Google and Facebook• How to build conviction with skeptical coworkers• Lessons learned from pricing at Intercom• How Intercom implemented JTBD—Brought to you by Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Hex—Helping teams ask and answer data questions by working together | HelpBar by Chameleon—The free in-app universal search solution built for SaaS—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-ai-means-for-your-product-strategy-paul-adams-cpo-of-intercom/—Where to find Paul Adams:• X: https://twitter.com/Padday• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/pauladams/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Paul’s background(04:09) Freezing onstage in front of 8,000 people(07:28) Insights from Google+ days(12:31) Learning from failure(13:56) Intercom’s “ship fast, ship early, ship often” principle(15:17) Integrating AI into product strategy(17:31) Making time for AI learning(19:37) AI in new-product development(21:16) Questions to ask about your product(23:33) How Intercom pivoted after the release of ChatGPT(25:13) Intercom’s AI chatbot, Fin (26:45) The early impact of AI adoption at Intercom(28:53) Mind-blowing capabilities of AI(34:27) How to structure teams around AI products(37:57) Why all teams should be involved in AI(39:04) Staying up to date on emerging technology(42:44) Hurdles implementing AI at Intercom(45:52) Building conviction around AI(49:52) Why you shouldn’t fear AI(50:56) Paul’s “before-after” framework(51:54) Pricing lessons from Intercom(54:54) Paul’s “differentiation vs. table stakes” framework(59:22) What “swinging the pendulum” means and examples from Intercom(1:05:21) Paul’s “product market story fit” framework(1:08:23) His take on JTBD(1:11:01) How Intercom uses the “four forces” framework(1:12:54) Lightning round—Referenced:• Intercom: https://www.intercom.com/• The New ChatGPT Can “See” and “Talk.” Here’s What It’s Like: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/27/technology/new-chatgpt-can-see-hear.html• Fergal Reid on X: https://twitter.com/fergal_reid• Intercom’s AI chatbot, Fin: https://www.intercom.com/drlp/fin• Mark Zuckerberg: First Interview in the Metaverse | Lex Fridman Podcast #398: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVYrJJNdrEg• Black Mirror “Joan Is Awful” episode: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20247352/• Mission: Impossible on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Mission-Impossible-Tom-Cruise/dp/B000X4IRE4• Anthropic: https://www.anthropic.com/• Claude: https://claude.ai/• Matt Rickard’s newsletter: https://substack.com/@mattrickard• OpenAI’s blog: https://openai.com/blog• The Rundown AI newsletter: https://www.therundown.ai/• Exponential View newsletter: https://www.exponentialview.co/• Google Bard: https://bard.google.com/• Rewind: https://www.rewind.ai/• The Three Horizons Framework: https://medium.com/fact-of-the-day-1/the-three-horizons-framework-9d7ac0fbea21• Sam Altman on X: https://twitter.com/sama• Tableau: https://www.tableau.com/• Kano model: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/kano-model/• The ultimate guide to JTBD | Bob Moesta (co-creator of the framework): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-jtbd-bob-moesta-co-creator-of-the-framework/• Hot takes and techno-optimism from tech’s top power couple | Sriram and Aarthi: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/hot-takes-and-techno-optimism-from-techs-top-power-couple-sriram-and-aarthi/• Outcome-Driven Innovation: JTBD Theory in Practice: https://jobs-to-be-done.com/outcome-driven-innovation-odi-is-jobs-to-be-done-theory-in-practice-2944c6ebc40e• The Four Forces Framework: https://thefourforces.com/four-forces-framework/• It’s Not How Good You Are, It’s How Good You Want to Be: https://www.amazon.com/Its-Not-How-Good-Want/dp/0714843377/• Principles: Life and Work: https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Life-Work-Ray-Dalio/dp/1501124021• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f• “Terry (Olivia Colman) and Richie peel mushrooms” scene from The Bear: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7D8THR_osU• The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change: https://www.amazon.com/Habits-Highly-Effective-People-Powerful/dp/0743269519• Guinness: https://www.guinness.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

April Dunford is a speaker, mentor, podcaster, best-selling author, and beloved returning guest to the show. Last year, she joined me on the pod to discuss product positioning and differentiated value. Today, April offers invaluable insights from her latest book, Sales Pitch: How to Craft a Story to Stand Out and Win. We go deep on the art of effective pitching and selling, and April shares the specific framework she’s used to successfully pitch products at companies like Google, IBM, Postman, and Epic Games. Together we discuss:• Tactical advice on pitch creation and testing• Real-life examples of companies transforming their narratives into successful sales strategies• How to combat customer inaction• How to become your prospect’s guide in their buying journey• The importance of differentiated value• Marketing’s role in the process• Why you should avoid FOMO as a sales strategy• Tips for handling objections—Brought to you by Composer—the AI-powered trading platform | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-step-by-step-guide-to-crafting—Where to find April Dunford:• Website: https://www.aprildunford.com/• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aprildunford/• Newsletter: https://aprildunford.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) April’s background(03:46) Fixing poor positioning with storytelling at Help Scout(12:22) Pitch components: setup and differentiated value(14:13) Wrapping up the sales pitch(15:56) Handling objections effectively(19:13) Understanding buyer’s mindset and market perception(25:46) Avoiding FOMO as a sales strategy(29:28) Lenny’s stressful experience buying community forum software for Airbnb(31:04) Empowering champions within client businesses(34:36) Who this framework is useful for(36:38) Advice on working cross-functionally(38:59) Differentiated value defined with examples(44:16) Selling with calm confidence(46:19) Qualifying leads(48:31) April’s thoughts on category creation(53:05) Geoffrey Moore’s “bowling pin strategy”(55:21) Conclusion of the setup phase: sharing the perfect world(57:11) The follow-through: differentiated value with proof and objection refutation(1:00:21) Why sales pitches fail(1:01:30) Best practices for pitch testing(1:05:32) General timeline for positioning and pitch creation(1:06:50) Marketing’s role in the process(1:08:38) The impact of developing a killer sales pitch(1:10:39) Andy Raskin’s positioning framework(1:15:50) Lightning round—Referenced:•April Dunford on product positioning, segmentation, and optimizing your sales process: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/april-dunford-on-product-positioning-segmentation-and-optimizing-your-sales-process/• A Quickstart Guide to Positioning: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/positioning• Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It: https://www.amazon.com/Obviously-Awesome-Product-Positioning-Customers/dp/1999023005• Sales Pitch: How to Craft a Story to Stand Out and Win: https://www.amazon.com/Sales-Pitch-Craft-Story-Stand-ebook/dp/B0CHY6BNDN• Help Scout: https://www.helpscout.com/• Mastering Jobs Theory with Bob Moesta: https://www.positioning.show/mastering-jobs-theory-with-bob-moesta/• The ultimate guide to JTBD | Bob Moesta (co-creator of the framework): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-jtbd-bob-moesta-co-creator-of-the-framework/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Salesforce Completes Acquisition of Sales-Enablement Company LevelJump: https://www.salesforce.com/news/stories/leveljump-and-salesforce/• How to become a category pirate | Christopher Lochhead (author of Play Bigger, Niche Down, Category Pirates, more): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-become-a-category-pirate-christopher-lochhead-author-of-play-bigger-niche-down-category/• Siebel: https://docs.oracle.com/en/applications/siebel/index.html• Qualtrics: https://www.qualtrics.com/• Bowling Pin in Product Development: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bowling-pin-product-development-ashok-das/• Inside the Tornado: Strategies for Developing, Leveraging, and Surviving Hypergrowth Markets: https://www.amazon.com/Inside-Tornado-Strategies-Developing-Hypergrowth/dp/B000AAN4VM• The power of strategic narrative | Andy Raskin: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-power-of-strategic-narrative-andy-raskin/• La Product Conf: https://www.laproductconf.com/• Thiga: https://www.thiga.co/• The JOLT Effect: How High Performers Overcome Customer Indecision: https://www.amazon.com/JOLT-Effect-Performers-Overcome-Indecision/dp/0593538102• The Challenger Sale: Taking Control of the Customer Conversation: https://www.amazon.com/Challenger-Sale-Control-Customer-Conversation/dp/1591844355• The Challenger Customer: Selling to the Hidden Influencer Who Can Multiply Your Results: https://www.amazon.com/Challenger-Customer-Selling-Influencer-Multiply/dp/1591848156• Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Positioning-Battle-Your-Mind-Anniversary/dp/0071359168• Parasite on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Parasite-English-Subtitled-Kang-Song/dp/B07YM14FRG• Snowpiercer on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70270364• Lamy AL-star fountain pen: https://www.amazon.com/Lamy-Al-Star-Fountain-Graphite-L26F/dp/B000R309UQ• Muji gel pens: https://www.amazon.com/Muji-Point-Black-0-38mm-Japan/dp/B01N8QNC59—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Gina Gotthilf is a co-founder and the COO of Latitud, a startup platform supporting the next generation of iconic tech startups in Latin America. Previously, Gina led growth and marketing at Duolingo, which she helped grow from 3 million to 200 million users. She was recently named one of the 500 most influential people in all of Latin America by Bloomberg. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Behind the scenes of Duolingo’s early growth• How to balance the “A and B sides” of life• Stories from Mike Bloomberg’s presidential campaign• Lessons from Duolingo’s international expansion• Tactical tips for driving organic growth• How to use PR, brand love, and community as growth levers• Why Gina is passionate about investing in Latin America—Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Hex— Helping teams ask and answer data questions by working together | Mercury—the powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank —Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/scaling-duolingo-embracing-failure-and-insight-into-latin-americas-tech-scene-gina-gotthilf-la/#transcript—Where to find Gina Gotthilf:• X: https://twitter.com/ginag• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ginafrombrazil/• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/gina/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Gina’s background(04:34) The Vamos Latam Summit(07:22) Gina’s “A and B sides” framework(09:34) Her B side(16:27) Lessons from working on Mike Bloomberg’s presidential campaign (20:40) How Gina was able to 3x the conversion rate on a campaign site in one day(24:34) 4 areas Duolingo leaned into to have success in the difficult world of B2C subscriptions(36:39) B-side lessons from Duolingo (42:05) The importance of trusting your gut(44:54) Organic growth tactics and the importance of branding(48:01) What makes for remarkable branding(52:01) Duolingo’s process for keeping copy on-brand(52:45) How Duo’s passive-aggressive messages led to a movement(55:19) How Latitud uses niche humor as part of their branding(56:31) Duolingo’s TikTok(59:02) Lessons from internationalizing Duolingo(1:03:51) Why Gina was drawn to the tech industry in Latin America(1:09:26) What Latitud does (1:17:20) Opportunities in emerging markets(1:20:45) Lightning round—Referenced:• The Vamos Latam Summit 2023: https://www.latitud.com/vamoslatamsummit• Ben Horowitz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/behorowitz/• Rappi: https://about.rappi.com/• Reed College: https://www.reed.edu/• Marcus Aurelius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius• Mike Bloomberg’s website: https://www.mikebloomberg.com/• How Duolingo reignited user growth: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-duolingo-reignited-user-growth• Burr Settles on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/burrsettles/• Nubank: https://nubank.com.br/en/• Navigating comms and PR | Lulu Cheng Meservey (Substack, Activision Blizzard): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/navigating-comms-and-pr-lulu-cheng-meservey-substack-activision-blizzard/• 47 Duolingo Memes That Are Equal Parts Funny and Extremely Concerning: https://www.buzzfeed.com/kellymartinez/duolingo-memes-jokes• Latitud: https://www.latitud.com/• Brian Requarth on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianrequarth/• On Deck: https://www.beondeck.com/• Leadsales: https://leadsales.io/en/crm-for-whatsapp/• Pomelo: https://pomelo.la/latam/• The Design of Everyday Things: https://www.amazon.com/Design-Everyday-Things-Revised-Expanded/dp/0465050654• Man’s Search for Meaning: https://www.amazon.com/Mans-Search-Meaning-Viktor-Frankl/dp/1663607982/• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• The Rehearsal on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-rehearsal• The White Lotus: https://www.hbo.com/the-white-lotus• Bo Burnham: Inside: https://www.netflix.com/title/81289483• “How is the best-case scenario Joe Biden?” song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltg9ohuh0KM• How to with John Wilson on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/how-to-with-john-wilson• Viome: https://www.viome.com/• Levels: https://www.levelshealth.com/• Andrew Chen’s blog: https://andrewchen.com/• The ship of Theseus: https://www.philosophy-foundation.org/enquiries/view/the-ship-of-theseus• Gina Gotthilf on 20VC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M7XsTicrY0—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Katie Dill is the Head of Design at Stripe. Previously, she was Head of Experience Design at Airbnb and Head of Design at Lyft. Katie has been named one of Business Insider’s 10 People Changing the Tech Industry as well as one of Fast Company’s 100 Most Creative People in Business and received the Girls in Tech “Creator of the Year” award. In today’s episode, she shares:• What makes a design great• Advice on building high-performing teams in hyper-growth environments• A pivotal lesson in leadership she learned at Airbnb• Stripe’s focus on quality and how it’s tied to growth• A formula for removing organizational friction• How to increase productivity• What to look for when hiring a designer—Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster—Find the transcript for this episode and all past episodes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-beautiful-products-with—Where to find Katie Dill:• X: https://twitter.com/lil_dill• Threads: https://www.threads.net/@lil_dilly• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/katie-dill-79168b3/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Katie’s background(04:47) Katie’s pivotal leadership moment at Airbnb(10:55) Advocating for design ROI(16:07) Stripe’s quality focus(17:50) Stripe’s vast scope(18:45) How design enhances utility(21:39) Defining beauty and its role in product growth(26:19) Operationalizing quality(28:44) Katie’s insights from dialogues with diverse organizations(34:47) 15 Essential Journeys: Stripe’s method for holistic UX understanding and unified vision(44:35) Stripe’s PQR quality review(46:25) Stripe’s prioritization philosophy(48:29) Measuring impact beyond metrics(50:28) Performance = potential – interference(54:09) Building and managing large teams(1:01:46) Removing interference at Lyft: a practical example of Katie’s leadership impact(1:06:10) Stripe’s physical workspace design(1:07:41) Embracing bold ideas(1:11:07) Qualities of great designers(1:15:15) Stripe Press(1:19:19) Katie’s parting wisdom(1:23:17) Lightning round—Referenced:• Beauty: https://www.amazon.com/Sagmeister-Walsh-Beauty-Stefan/dp/0714877271• Terry (Olivia Colman) and Richie peel mushrooms—scene from The Bear: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7D8THR_osU• Building a culture of excellence | David Singleton (CTO of Stripe): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-a-culture-of-excellence-david-singleton-cto-of-stripe/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• The Creative Act: A Way of Being: https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Act-Way-Being/dp/0593652886• Quote by Robert Henri: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/43397-the-object-isn-t-to-make-art-it-s-to-be-in• Brian Chesky’s 11-star experience: https://www.product-frameworks.com/11-Star-Experience.html• How to Win Friends and Influence People: https://www.amazon.com/How-Win-Friends-Influence-People/dp/0671027034• The Wright Brothers: https://www.amazon.com/Wright-Brothers-David-McCullough/dp/1476728755/• The Boy, the Mole, the Fox and the Horse: https://www.amazon.com/Boy-Mole-Fox-Horse/dp/0062976583/• Oppenheimer: https://www.oppenheimermovie.com/• Shrinking on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/shrinking/umc.cmc.apzybj6eqf6pzccd97kev7bs• Toniebox: https://www.amazon.com/Toniebox-Starter-Lightning-McQueen-Playtime/dp/B09V7NJCD8• Stripe Press: https://press.stripe.com/• Poor Charlie’s Almanack: The Essential Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger: https://press.stripe.com/poor-charlies-almanack• Stripe’s job board: https://stripe.com/jobs/search—Books on design craft:• Dieter Rams: Ten Principles for Good Design: https://www.amazon.com/Dieter-Rams-Principles-Good-Design/dp/3791387324• The Vignelli Canon: https://www.amazon.com/Vignelli-Canon-Massimo/dp/3037782250• Forget All the Rules About Graphic Design: Including the Ones in This Book, by Bob Gill: https://www.amazon.com/Forget-Rules-About-Graphic-Design/dp/0823018644• Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things: https://www.amazon.com/Emotional-Design-Love-Everyday-Things/dp/0465051367• The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition: https://www.amazon.com/Design-of-Everyday-Things-audiobook/dp/B07L5Y9HND• Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0063046067• In Praise of Shadows: https://www.amazon.com/Praise-Shadows-Junichiro-Tanizaki/dp/0918172020• Interaction of Color: https://www.amazon.com/Interaction-Color-Anniversary-Josef-Albers/dp/0300179359• Content Design: https://contentdesign.london/shop/content-design-by-sarah-winters-paperback• Graphic Design Manual Principles and Practice: https://www.niggli.ch/en/produkt/graphic-design-manual/• Collaborative Product Design: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/collaborative-product-design/9781491975022/• Principles of Form and Design: https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Form-Design-Wucius-Wong/dp/0471285528/ref=asc_df_0471285528• The Timeless Way of Building: https://www.patternlanguage.com/bookstore/timeless-way-of-building.html—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Maui Nui Venison—The healthiest red meat on the planet delivered directly to your door | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Jason Feifer is the editor in chief of Entrepreneur magazine and a former editor at Fast Company. He’s also a podcast host, book author, keynote speaker, and startup advisor. Every week, he shares tips in his newsletter, One Thing Better, to help people become happier and more effective at work. In today’s episode, Jason draws upon his wealth of experience in media to share tactical insights on how to get press coverage. We discuss:• High-level steps to securing press coverage for your product• Why it’s critical to understand the mission of the publication• Why freelance writers are more likely to write about you• When it’s worth investing in PR• When and how to hire a great PR agency• Insider tips for writing the perfect pitch• Why you should optimize for “Opportunity Set B”—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-get-press-for-your-product-jason-feifer-editor-in-chief-of-entrepreneur-magazine/—Where to find Jason Feifer:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonfeifer/• Newsletter: jasonfeifer.com/newsletter• Help Wanted podcast: https://link.chtbl.com/LsYdERXQ—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jason’s background(04:09) Jason’s inbox volume(07:41) The impact of press coverage on startups(08:47) Navigating the timing and outlets for press exposure(10:37) When not to pursue press coverage(12:38) Jason’s three-step press strategy(14:01) Unpacking the media’s mission(15:48) Identifying a publication’s mission(22:56) Step one: How to prepare for outreach(26:11) How press can help you(28:25) When to work with a PR agency(32:16) PR insights and red flags(36:02) Selecting the right publication for startups(42:34) Step two: Identifying the ideal pitch recipient(47:27) Pitching best practices(52:26) Step three: Creating excitement around writing about you(59:10) Success story: Meg O’Hara’s pitch(1:05:14) Playing the long game of engagement(1:08:57) The quantity of outreach(1:11:11) How to structure multiple pitches(1:14:01) How to engage with the press(1:16:37) Anticipating the story’s direction(1:18:26) “Sometimes you’re not the story, but you can be part of it”(1:24:12) How Barbara Corcoran became relevant(1:27:10) Jason’s parting advice: “Be human”(1:28:59) Lightning round—PR resources:• Jon Bier, Jack Taylor PR: https://www.jacktaylorpr.com/• Hanna Lee, Hanna Lee Communications: https://www.hannaleecommunications.com/• Jen Squilla, Max Borges Agency: http://maxborgesagency.com/• Gregg Delman, G Three Media: https://www.gthreemedia.com/• Steph Jones, Jonesworks: https://jonesworks.com/• Jon Hammond, Hammond Strategies: https://hammondstrategies.com/• Mark Fortier, Fortier PR: https://fortierpr.com/• Noelle Guerin, Cru of Two: https://www.cruoftwo.com/—Referenced:• Entrepreneur: https://www.entrepreneur.com/magazine• Fast Company: https://www.fastcompany.com/• Men’s Health: https://www.menshealth.com/• This Founder Created a Genius Way to Do Market Testing on the Cheap: https://www.entrepreneur.com/leadership/this-founder-created-a-genius-way-to-do-market-testing-on/289144• TechCrunch: https://techcrunch.com/• Inc.: https://www.inc.com/• Money News Network: https://moneynewsnetwork.com/• Help Wanted podcast: https://moneynewsnetwork.com/podcast/help-wanted/• Nicole Lapin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicolelapin/• Jennifer Miller on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jennifer-miller-3b43abb/• Meg O’Hara on Problem Solvers podcast: https://audioboom.com/posts/7703348-build-relationships-that-can-reinvent-a-business• Ripple Rug cat toy: https://www.ripplerug.com/• Cat Fight! How These Inventors Beat the Counterfeiters That Nearly Destroyed Their Company: https://www.entrepreneur.com/growing-a-business/patents-and-copyright-lawyers-what-to-do-if-someone-steals/315142• Barbara Corcoran’s website: https://www.barbaracorcoran.com/• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• The Cold Start Problem: How to Start and Scale Network Effects: https://www.amazon.com/Cold-Start-Problem-Andrew-Chen/dp/0062969749• The Perfectionist’s Guide to Losing Control: A Path to Peace and Power: https://www.amazon.com/Perfectionists-Guide-Losing-Control-Peace/dp/059332952X/• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem on Paramount+: https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/teenage-mutant-ninja-turtles-mutant-mayhem• Better Call Saul on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80021955• Breaking Bad on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70143836• Bigvu: https://bigvu.tv/• Michelle Pfeiffer on the Never-Ending Launch of Running a Business: ‘I Kept Waiting for It to End, and I Finally Realized—Well, It’s Never Going To!’: https://www.entrepreneur.com/starting-a-business/michelle-pfeiffer-on-the-never-ending-launch-of-running-a/398064—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Karri Saarinen is the co-founder and CEO of Linear, an issue-tracking tool that has quickly become the fastest-growing and most beloved in the world. Before Linear, Karri was the principal designer and co-creator of design systems at Airbnb and the founding designer at Coinbase. In today’s episode, he shares:• How to prioritize craft in product development• The Linear method for modern software development• How Linear operates with only one PM• Why every product needs good design in 2023• Strategies for staying focused amid distractions• Linear’s unique hiring strategies• Sneak peek of a soon-to-be-released Linear feature—Brought to you by Mercury—the powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank | Composer—the AI-powered trading platform | Pendo—The all-in-one platform for product-led companies building breakthrough digital experiences—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-linear-building-with-taste—Where to find Karri Saarinen:• X: https://twitter.com/karrisaarinen• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/karrisaarinen/• Website: https://karrisaarinen.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Karri’s background(04:25) Overview of Linear(06:43) Linear’s design process and its focus on quality(12:25) Building a craft-oriented company(16:41) Product management at Linear(18:37) Strategies for launching a startup without a dedicated PM(21:16) How Linear assists PMs in their roles(23:46) Linear’s potential expansion in PM roles(24:58) The importance of design(29:08) Utilizing design and brand as distinct competitive advantages(30:48) The importance of authenticity in branding and messaging(33:08) How design reviews are conducted at Linear(38:34) The Linear method for modern software development (40:07) Why productivity software should be opinionated(41:23) Why Linear created “cycles” and how it works(43:27) Why Linear doesn’t have metric-based goals(45:07) How a business can thrive without metrics, PMs, and A/B testing(48:04) A customer-focused approach to building product(50:02) Adapting strategies for diverse products and domains(53:05) Three techniques Karri uses to maintain focus(56:47) Linear’s hiring practices (1:02:10) Paid work trials(1:04:31) How to determine a candidate’s “product sense” (1:08:21) Linear’s growth journey and milestones(1:14:18) How pricing strategies were initially introduced at Linear(1:16:18) Linear’s journey to finding product-market fit(1:21:44) The importance of online presence and authenticity in business(1:24:59) Insight into the corporate culture at Linear(1:28:29) Lessons learned during Karri’s transition from IC to CEO(1:30:21) Sneak peek into the upcoming “asks” feature at Linear(1:32:04) Lightning round—Referenced:• Linear: https://linear.app/• Vercel: https://vercel.com/• Nan Yu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thenanyu/• The Linear method: https://linear.app/method• How Ramp builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-ramp-builds-product• Lessons from scaling Ramp | Sri Batchu (Ramp, Instacart, Opendoor): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-ramp-sri-batchu-ramp-instacart-opendoor/• Eric Yuan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ericsyuan/• The Timeless Way of Building: https://www.amazon.com/Timeless-Way-Building-Christopher-Alexander/dp/0195024028• Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: https://www.amazon.com/Zen-Art-Motorcycle-Maintenance-Inquiry/dp/0060839872/• John Wick: Chapter 4: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10366206/• Silo on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/silo/umc.cmc.3yksgc857px0k0rqe5zd4jice• Philips Hue lights: https://www.philips-hue.com/en-us• Finnish salmon soup recipe: https://jernejkitchen.com/recipes/finnish-salmon-soup-lohikeitto—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies—Brian Balfour is the founder and CEO of Reforge. Prior to Reforge, he was the VP of Growth at HubSpot and co-founded three other startups. In today’s episode, Brian shares 10 lessons from his career, growth, and life:• Lesson 1: Inspect the work, not the person.• Lesson 2: Tell me what it takes to win; then tell me the cost.• Lesson 3: Problems never end (and that’s okay).• Lesson 4: The year is made in the first six months.• Lesson 5: Growth is a system between acquisition, retention, and monetization. Change one and you affect them all.• Lesson 6: Do the opposite.• Lesson 7: Use cases, not personas.• Lesson 8: Solving for everyone is solving for no one.• Lesson 9: Find sparring partners, not mentors or coaches.• Lesson 10: 2x+ the activation energy for things that need to change.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/brian-balfour-10-lessons-on-career-growth-and-life/—Where to find Brian Balfour:• X: https://twitter.com/bbalfour• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bbalfour/• Website: https://brianbalfour.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Brian’s background(04:29) His Notion doc of lessons(07:35) Lesson 1: Inspect the work, not the person(12:39) Implementing lesson 1 and a recap of Reforge Artifacts(16:01) Lesson 2: Tell me what it takes to win; then tell me the cost(18:17) Why you should revisit your ideal end state often(20:25) How planning works at Reforge(23:50) Lesson 3: Problems never end (and that’s okay)(26:31) The “players, coaches, captains” framework(30:24) How AI will allow for smaller teams(34:13) Small teams do bigger things(34:37) Lesson 4: The year is made in the first six months(38:20) Lesson 5: Growth is a system between acquisition, retention, and monetization (40:44) Examples of engagement and retention problems from HubSpot and Reforge(46:21) Lesson 6: Do the opposite (55:25) Brian’s thoughts on category creation(57:39) Lesson 7: Use cases, not personas(1:01:18) The use case map(1:03:38) Lesson 8: Solving for everyone is solving for no one (1:11:14) There are many ways to do product(1:16:52) Lesson 9: Find sparring partners, not mentors or coaches(1:23:49) Advice on setting the tone for group sharing(1:25:07) Lesson 10: You need to give 2x the activation energy for things that need to change(1:32:02) Lightning round—Referenced:• Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/• Frank Slootman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/frankslootman/• Artifacts: https://artifacts.reforge.com/artifacts• Ray Dalio’s 5 Step Process: https://commoncog.com/dalios-5-step-process-to-getting-what-you-want/• Building effective teams: https://www.reforge.com/blog/building-effective-teams• Scott Belsky’s website: https://www.scottbelsky.com/• MOOCs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course• The Creative Act: A Way of Being: https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Act-Way-Being/dp/0593652886/• A Breakdown of LinkedIn’s AI Assisted Growth Loop: https://brianbalfour.com/essays/a-breakdown-of-linkedins-ai-assisted-growth-loop• Lex Fridman Podcast: https://lexfridman.com/podcast/• Acquired podcast: https://www.acquired.fm/• Unsolicited Feedback podcast: https://www.reforge.com/podcast/unsolicited-feedback• Elena Verna Analyzes Airtable’s Shift to Enterprise and Slack’s Product Roadmap: https://www.reforge.com/podcast/unsolicited-feedback/episode-5• The ultimate guide to product-led sales | Elena Verna: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-product-led-sales-elena-verna/• How to become a category pirate | Christopher Lochhead (author of Play Bigger, Niche Down, Category Pirates, more): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-become-a-category-pirate-christopher-lochhead-author-of-play-bigger-niche-down-category/• Dharmesh Shah on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dharmesh/• The ultimate guide to JTBD | Bob Moesta (co-creator of the framework): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-jtbd-bob-moesta-co-creator-of-the-framework/• How to sell your ideas and rise within your company | Casey Winters, Eventbrite: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Target the Right Market: https://hbr.org/2012/10/target-the-right-market-2• Douglas Atkin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/doatkin• How Linear builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-linear-builds-product• How Notion builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-notion-builds-product• Aaron White on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aaronmwhite/• Ariel Diaz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/arieldiaz/• Ray Dalio’s website: https://www.principles.com/• Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future: https://www.amazon.com/Zero-One-Notes-Startups-Future/dp/0804139296• The Wolf of Wall Street on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70266676• Margin Call on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Margin-Call-Kevin-Spacey/dp/B005UT29Z0• The Big Short on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80075560• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f• Halt and Catch Fire on Prime Video: https://www.amazon.com/Halt-Catch-Fire-Season-1/dp/B00KCXIHJG• Vuori: https://vuoriclothing.com/• The man in the arena: https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Learn-About-TR/TR-Encyclopedia/Culture-and-Society/Man-in-the-Arena.aspx• Startup Dads podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/startup-dad/id1693312339—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Ezra—The leading full-body cancer screening company—Lane Shackleton is CPO of Coda, where he’s been leading the product and design team for over eight years. Lane started his career as an Alaskan climbing guide and then as a manual reviewer of AdWords ads before becoming a product specialist at Google and later a Group PM at YouTube. He also writes a weekly newsletter with insights and rituals for PMs, product teams, and startups. In today’s conversation, we discuss:• Principles that set great PMs apart• Rituals of great product teams• The fine line between OKRs and strategy, and why it matters• “Two-way write-up”• The story of how skippable YouTube ads were born and lessons learned• How to gauge personal career growth• “Tim Ferriss Day” and its impact on Coda’s history• How Lane bootstrapped his way to CPO from the bottom of the tech ladder—Find the transcript and references at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-sets-great-teams-apart-lane-shackleton-cpo-of-coda/ —Where to find Lane Shackleton:• X: https://twitter.com/lshackleton• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laneshackleton• Substack: https://lane.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Lane’s background(04:03) Working as a guide in Alaska(07:32) Parallels between guiding and building software(09:12) Why Lane started studying and writing about product teams(12:49) How Lane came up with the career ladder and guiding principles(14:10) The five levels Coda’s career ladder(16:30) Principles of great product managers(21:06) The beginner’s-mind ritual at Coda(24:05) Two rituals: “cathedrals not bricks” and “proactive not reactive”(27:46) How to develop your own guiding principles(31:17) Learning from your “oh s**t” moments(36:03) Rituals from great product teams: HubSpot’s FlashTags(42:15) Rituals from great product teams: Coda’s Catalyst(47:01) Implementing rituals from other companies(49:48) How to navigate changing vs. sticking with current rituals(53:02) “Tag up” and why one-on-one meetings are harmful (55:27) Lane’s handbook on strategy and rituals(57:10) How skippable ads came about on YouTube   (1:01:46) Lane’s path to CPO(1:07:02) Advice for aspiring PMs(1:10:53) Tim Ferriss Day at Coda(1:13:24) Using two-way write-ups (1:19:30) The fine line between OKRs and strategy, and why it matters(1:21:41) Lightning round—Referenced:• Endurance: https://www.amazon.com/Endurance-Shackletons-Incredible-Alfred-Lansing/dp/0465062881• Bret Victor’s talk “Inventing on Principle”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGqwXt90ZqA• Jeremy Britton on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeremybritton/• Comedian on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/60024976• The Score Takes Care of Itself: My Philosophy of Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Score-Takes-Care-Itself-Philosophy/dp/1591843472• The Creative Act: A Way of Being: https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Act-Way-Being/dp/0593652886• AlphaZero: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaZero• Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry• Storyworthy: Engage, Teach, Persuade, and Change Your Life through the Power of Storytelling: https://www.amazon.com/Storyworthy-Engage-Persuade-through-Storytelling/dp/1608685489• The Moth: https://themoth.org/events• Seth Godin’s website: https://www.sethgodin.com/• The Obstacle Is the Way: The Timeless Art of Turning Trials into Triumph: https://www.amazon.com/Obstacle-Way-Timeless-Turning-Triumph/dp/1591846358• Tony Fadell’s TED talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uOMectkCCs• FlashTags: A Simple Hack for Conveying Context Without Confusion: https://www.onstartups.com/flashtags-a-simple-hack-for-conveying-context-without-confusion• How Coda builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-coda-builds-product• 100-dollar voting ritual: https://coda.io/@lshackleton/100-dollar-voting-exercise• Pixar’s Brain Trust: https://pixar.fandom.com/wiki/Brain_Trust• Lane’s product handbook: coda.io/producthandbook• The rituals of great teams | Shishir Mehrotra of Coda, YouTube, Microsoft: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/• Principle #4: Learn by making, not talking: https://lane.substack.com/p/principle-4-learn-by-making-not-talking• Phil Farhi on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/philfarhi/• How to ask the right questions, project confidence, and win over skeptics | Paige Costello (Asana, Intercom, Intuit): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-ask-the-right-questions-project-confidence-and-win-over-skeptics-paige-costello-asana-intercom-intuit/• Chip Conley’s website: https://chipconley.com/• Jeff Bezos Banned PowerPoint in Meetings. His Replacement Is Brilliant: https://www.inc.com/carmine-gallo/jeff-bezos-bans-powerpoint-in-meetings-his-replacement-is-brilliant.html• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• Dory and Pulse: https://coda.io/@codatemplates/dory-and-pulse• Turning the Flywheel: A Monograph to Accompany Good to Great: https://www.amazon.com/Turning-Flywheel-Monograph-Accompany-Great/dp/0062933795/• Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion: https://www.amazon.com/Waking-Up-Spirituality-Without-Religion/dp/1451636024• The Inner Game of Tennis: The Classic Guide to the Mental Side of Peak Performance: https://www.amazon.com/Inner-Game-Tennis-Classic-Performance/dp/0679778314• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-Difference-Matters/dp/0307886239• The Last Dance on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80203144• Full Swing on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81483353• Stephen Curry: Underrated on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/stephen-curry-underrated/umc.cmc.23v0wxaiwz60bjy1w4vg7npun• Arrested Development on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70140358• Shishir’s interview question clip on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@lennyrachitsky/video/7160779872296652078• The Ultimate Reference Check Template: https://coda.io/@startup-hiring/reference-checks-template• SwingVision: https://swing.tennis/• Waking Up app: https://www.wakingup.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies | LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Maya Prohovnik is currently Spotify’s Head of Podcast Product. She was employee #1 at Anchor, which was acquired by Spotify in 2019 and now powers more than 80% of all new podcasts created in the world. In 2023, Maya was named one of the Most Important People in Podcasting by The Hollywood Reporter. In today’s episode, we discuss:• How Maya operationalizes “dogfooding”• How to balance data-driven decision-making and intuition• Strategies for preserving startup culture in a large organization• Tactical tips to improve at public speaking• How Radical Candor and the Eisenhower matrix transformed her approach to managing people• What’s next at Spotify for Podcasters—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-anchor-selling-to-spotify—Where to find Maya Prohovnik:• Threads: https://www.threads.net/@mayafish• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayaprohovnik/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Maya’s background(04:34) Spotify’s podcasting platform(06:24) Maya’s personal podcasts(11:36) The importance of “dogfooding” (13:24) How Maya operationalizes dogfooding(16:31) How to balance data-driven decision-making and trusting your gut(21:38) Building Anchor 2.0(26:24) The beginning of Anchor’s hockey stick growth(28:08) How Anchor utilized interns to make the Apple Podcasts integration “magical”(35:36) Anchor and Spotify’s successful integration(37:50) Maintaining a startup culture within a large organization(39:20) Transitioning from a startup to a large company(42:02) Challenges brought on by the acquisition(48:49) How Maya’s leadership approach is guided by Radical Candor(51:53) The Eisenhower matrix for prioritization and task management(52:46) Productivity tips(55:10) How to get better at public speaking(59:38) The future of Spotify for Podcasters(1:00:58) Lightning round—Referenced:• What is “Dogfooding”?: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/business/dogfooding.html• The Derry Connection: A Stephen King Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/6ixSiYlj3A9NqEXZDBgycf• Blood on Their Hands: A Big Brother Fancast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4VP16lTL8sUniQXCFeBInv• Time Share: A Children of Time Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/38yhl2lNOUajccfsdluh5j• The End of the World as We Know It: A First-Time Parenting Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/3TUr0LxcueYo2nvnyR5rML• Forgotify (stream Spotify songs that have never been played): https://forgotify.com/ • Michael Mignano on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mignano/• Lessons from scaling Spotify: The science of product, taking risky bets, and how AI is already impacting the future of music | Gustav Söderström (Co-President, CPO, and CTO at Spotify): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-spotify-the-science-of-product-taking-risky-bets-and-how-ai-is-already-impacting-the-future-of-music-gustav-soderstrom-co-president-cpo-and-cto-at-spotify/• Radical Candor: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kick-Ass-Humanity/dp/1250235375• What is the Eisenhower matrix?: https://www.figma.com/resource-library/what-is-the-eisenhower-matrix/• Todoist: https://todoist.com/• Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity: https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Things-Done-Stress-Free-Productivity/dp/0143126563/• Spotify for Podcasters: https://podcasters.spotify.com/• Children of Time: https://www.amazon.com/Children-Time-Adrian-Tchaikovsky/dp/0316452505• It: https://www.amazon.com/Novel-Stephen-King/dp/1982127791/• Poker Face on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/poker-face• Barbie on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Barbie-Margot-Robbie/dp/B0CB1TMKR6• Deadly Games: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096741/• 1-800 Contacts: https://www.1800contacts.com/• Lovevery: https://lovevery.com/• CoopCrate: https://www.coopcratechickens.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Pendo—The all-in-one platform for product-led companies building breakthrough digital experiences | Wix Studio—The web creation platform built for agencies | Masterworks—Invest in blue-chip art—Nilan Peiris is Chief Product Officer at Wise, one of the fastest-growing (and profitable) tech companies in the world. Wise allows anyone to send money in more than 60 currencies to over 160 countries at low cost, and throughout its history has grown primarily through word of mouth. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Tactical advice on driving word of mouth (WOM)• Strategies for measuring WOM• How NPS surveys helped Wise determine their growth and product strategy• How Wise incentivizes teams to do the hard things• The small change that generated a 3x increase in referrals• How Wise structures its product and growth teams—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-drive-word-of-mouth-nilan—Where to find Nilan Peiris:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/nilanp• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nilanpeiris/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nilan’s background(03:27) A brief overview of Wise(06:11) How word of mouth is measured(07:56) Why Wise leaned into WOM(10:21) Why Wise built their WOM motion using the NPS method(16:13) How WOM solves trust problems(18:55) How to get to 9 or 10 on the NPS scale(20:51) Determining what will wow users(21:31) Common missteps companies make when trying to drive WOM(23:24) Using the “working backward” method at Airbnb(25:45) How Wise is able to offer drastically lower money transfer fees(27:51) The three costs associated with moving money(32:02) Rational vs. irrational reasons behind recommendations(34:11) Prioritizing customer happiness(38:14) How Wise approaches experimentation(46:11) Thoughts on performance reviews and general analysis(48:06) How Wise provides a 10x better banking experience(51:57) Advice on how to approach word-of-mouth marketing(53:47) Building a culture of doing hard things(55:59) The macrostructure of international banking and where Wise fits in(57:54) How Wise solves for local regulations in their onboarding flow(1:01:49) How Wise structures teams(1:03:26) The small change that generated a 3x increase in referrals(1:08:01) Nilan’s philanthropic endeavors(1:09:13) Lightning round—Referenced:• Wise: https://wise.com/us/• Henry Chen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/henry-h-chen/• About NPS: https://www.productboard.com/blog/the-power-of-nps-in-your-product-strategy/• How Snow White helped Airbnb prove that storytelling is the most important skill in design: https://uxdesign.cc/how-airbnb-proved-that-storytelling-is-the-most-important-skill-in-design-15d04ac71039• Seth Godin: This Is How You Create a Remarkable Product: https://www.businessinsider.com/seth-godin-this-is-how-you-create-a-remarkable-product-2012-10• Discover the Spotify model: https://www.atlassian.com/agile/agile-at-scale/spotify• Beam: https://beam.org/• Affinity: https://affinityghana.com/• Crime and Punishment: https://www.amazon.com/Crime-Punishment-Volokhonsky-Translation-Classics/dp/0679734503• Midnight’s Children: https://www.amazon.com/Midnights-Children-Modern-Library-Novels/dp/0812976533• Barbie: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1517268/• Arc browser: https://arc.net/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Ezra—The leading full-body cancer screening company | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | LinkedIn Ads—Reach professionals and drive results for your business—Itamar Gilad is a product coach, author, and speaker with over two decades of experience in senior product roles at Google, Microsoft, and various startups. He is also the author of Evidence-Guided: Creating High-Impact Products in the Face of Uncertainty and publishes a popular product management newsletter. In today’s episode, we discuss:• What it means to be “evidence-guided”• How to think about your KPIs as metric trees• How to prioritize ideas using the “confidence meter”• The GIST model for roadmapping• Common mistakes with ICE• Advice for using evidence to challenge gut-driven founders—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/becoming-evidence-guided-itamar-gilad—Where to find Itamar Gilad:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/ItamarGilad• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/itamargilad/• Website: https://itamargilad.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Itamar’s background(04:35) How his time working on Gmail shaped his philosophy of “opinion-based” development(08:35) Lessons from developing Gmail’s tabbed inbox (13:40) A brief overview of Itamar’s book, Evidence-Guided(14:30) Balancing founder creativity with an evidence-based approach(17:32) Advice on how to push back against founders(19:36) Signs you aren’t as evidence-guided as you may think(21:13) Itamar’s GIST model for becoming more evidence-guided(23:51) How to set overarching goals using his “value exchange loop”(28:45) North star metrics vs. KPIs(33:47) Using “ICE” to assess the value of ideas(37:39) Itamar’s confidence meter(44:28) Speed of delivery vs. speed of discovery(46:14) How to apply Itamar’s frameworks based on company type and stage(49:09) First steps in becoming more evidence-guided(50:21) Next steps in testing(55:41) The task layer in the GIST framework(1:02:54) Thoughts on roadmapping(1:04:56) How OKRs fit into the whole picture(1:07:11) Lightning round—Referenced:• Itamar’s presentation slides: https://itamargilad.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Podcast-Slides.pdf• What differentiates the highest-performing product teams | John Cutler (Amplitude, The Beautiful Mess): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-differentiates-the-highest-performing-product-teams-john-cutler-amplitude-the-beautiful-mess/• Evidence-Guided: Creating High-Impact Products in the Face of Uncertainty: https://itamargilad.com/book-evidence-guided/• The co-founders of Google in Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/profile/larry-page-and-sergey-brin• Kanban: https://www.atlassian.com/agile/kanban• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• The ultimate guide to OKRs | Christina Wodtke (Stanford): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-okrs-christina-wodtke-stanford/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• The ultimate guide to A/B testing | Ronny Kohavi (Airbnb, Microsoft, Amazon): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-ab-testing-ronny-kohavi-airbnb-microsoft-amazon/• ICE framework: https://growthmethod.com/ice-framework/• Sean Ellis on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/seanellis/• RICE scoring model: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/rice-scoring-model/• Idea Prioritization with ICE and the Confidence Meter: https://itamargilad.com/the-tool-that-will-help-you-choose-better-product-ideas/• Assumptions Mapping: https://designsprintkit.withgoogle.com/methodology/phase2-define/assumptions-mapping• What is Dog Fooding, Fish Fooding a Product?: https://matt-rickard.com/fishfooding-dogfooding-product• SVPG books: https://www.svpg.com/books/• The Lean series: https://theleanstartup.com/the-lean-series• Dreaming Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/c/DreamingSpanish• ElevenLabs: https://elevenlabs.io/• Lennybot: https://www.lennybot.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Mixpanel—Event analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Round—The private network built by tech leaders for tech leaders—Christopher Lochhead is a 14-time #1 bestselling author, top podcaster, and former 3x public tech company CMO and has been an advisor to over 50 VC-backed tech startups. He is best known as a “godfather” of category design, and Adobe named his book Play Bigger one of “the five greatest marketing books of all time.” In this episode, we discuss:• What exactly category design is• The “Frame It, Name It, Claim It” framework• How to go about designing your category• Why “languaging” is so powerful• Rating yourself on the category design scorecard• Why Chris considers “product-market fit” a dangerous concept• Chris’s spicy take on positioning• The “better trap” and why it’s crucial to avoid it• The magic triangle of product, company, and category• How to embrace negative feedback• Why the greatest time in the history of innovation is now—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-become-a-category-pirate-christopher—Where to find Christopher Lochhead:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lochhead• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopherlochhead/• Website: https://www.categorypirates.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Chris’s background(05:08) Why Chris shares his negative criticism on his website(11:58) A simple explanation of category design(18:00) How Purell mastered category design(23:07) What Gong got right (and wrong)(29:01) The “better trap” and why it’s crucial to avoid it(38:51) Reflective thinking vs. reflexive thinking(44:45) How Lomi created a revolutionary solution for food waste (48:50) The “Frame It, Name It, Claim It” framework (49:08) The concept of “languaging” (54:00) Examples of languaging (59:19) Spend more time on the problem than the solution(1:01:37) The power of “backcasting”(1:07:33) The truth behind building legendary brands(1:10:39) The problem with product-market fit(1:16:11) Chris’s spicy take on positioning(1:19:20) “Damming the demand”(1:24:49) Laws from Chris’s book The 22 Laws of Category Design(1:29:46) Word of mouth: the most powerful form of marketing(1:34:05) Chris’s closing message to listeners(1:39:01) Lightning round—Referenced:• Rick Rubin Says Trust Your Gut, Not Your Audience: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rick-rubin-says-trust-your-gut-not-your-audience/id1570872415?i=1000606447333• How to identify your ideal customer profile (ICP): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-identify-your-ideal-customer• Grant Cardone on Twitter: https://twitter.com/GrantCardone• Tai Lopez on Twitter: https://twitter.com/tailopez• The Difference Between a First Mover and a Category Creator: https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-difference-between-a-first-mover-and-a-category-creator• Gojo Industries: https://www.gojo.com/• Gartner reports: https://www.gartner.com/• Forrester reports: https://www.forrester.com/bold• Gong: https://www.gong.io/• Clari: https://www.clari.com/• Threads, Instagram’s “Twitter Killer,” Has Arrived: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/05/technology/threads-app-meta-twitter-killer.html• Kevin Maney: https://kevinmaney.com/• Red Bull cola: https://www.redbull.com/int-en/theorganics/organics-simply-cola• Microsoft Copied Apple’s Successful Retail Plan. Now It’s Shutting the Whole Thing Down: https://www.inc.com/jason-aten/microsoft-copied-apples-successful-retail-plan-now-its-shutting-whole-thing-down.html• A New Way to Think, with World’s #1 Management Thinker Roger Martin: https://lochhead.com/roger-martin/• A New Way to Think: Your Guide to Superior Management Effectiveness: https://www.amazon.com/New-Way-Think-Management-Effectiveness/dp/164782351X• RJ Scaringe on Twitter: https://twitter.com/rjscaringe• Lomi: https://lomi.com/products/lomi• Otis elevators: https://www.otis.com/en/us• How to build a breakthrough … the secret of Backcasting: https://medium.com/@m2jr/how-to-build-a-breakthrough-3071b6415b06• John Bielenberg’s website: https://www.thinknado.com/• Eddie Yoon: https://www.eddiewouldgrow.com/• Marc Andreessen on Twitter: https://twitter.com/pmarca• Snow Leopard: How Legendary Writers Create a Category of One: https://www.amazon.com/Snow-Leopard-Legendary-Writers-Category/dp/1956934456• Play Bigger: How Pirates, Dreamers, and Innovators Create and Dominate Markets: https://www.amazon.com/Play-Bigger-Dreamers-Innovators-Dominate-ebook/dp/B015MOJ80G• Niche Down: How to Become Legendary by Being Different: https://www.amazon.com/Niche-Down-Become-Legendary-Different-ebook/dp/B07FLKJJQQ• The 22 Laws of Category Design: Name & Claim Your Niche, Share Your POV, and Move The World from Where It Is to Somewhere Different: https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Category-Design-Somewhere-Different/dp/195693457X/• An inside look at Deel’s unprecedented growth | Meltem Kuran Berkowitz (Head of Growth): https://www.lennyspodcast.com/an-inside-look-at-deels-unprecedented-growth-meltem-kuran-berkowitz-head-of-growth/• Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah: https://www.amazon.com/Illusions-Adventures-Reluctant-Richard-Bach/dp/0440204887• What They Don’t Teach You at Harvard Business School: Notes from a Street-Smart Executive: https://www.amazon.com/What-Teach-Harvard-Business-School/dp/0553345834• Inventing Anna on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81008305• The rise and fall and rise of Tony Eltherington: https://www.swellnet.com/news/swellnet-dispatch/2017/04/27/rise-and-fall-and-rise-tony-eltherington—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Jira Product Discovery—Atlassian’s new prioritization and roadmapping tool built for product teams—Oji Udezue is Chief Product Officer at Typeform and has held leadership roles at Twitter (Head of Product for Creation and Conversation), Calendly (CPO), and Atlassian (Head of Product for communication tools). He is well-known for bringing a product-led-growth (PLG) mindset to the companies he joins. Additionally, Oji mentors startups, is a Managing Partner at the Kernel Fund, and writes online about product management. In this episode, we discuss:• Oji’s “Where to Fish to Land a Unicorn” and “Zone of Benefit” frameworks• Why you need to find the “sharpest” problem• How to operationalize continuous customer discovery• Tips on optimizing onboarding flows• Freemium vs. gated offerings in PLG• Tactical strategies for making your product more viral• The concept of “forest time” and how it can provide clarity in your work—Find full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/picking-sharp-problems-increasing—Where to find Oji Udezue:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/ojiudezue• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ojiudezue/• Substack: https://substack.com/@ojiudezue—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Oji’s background(03:38) Oji’s “Where to Fish to Land a Unicorn” framework(05:26) Workflow quadrants(09:30) How product people can push frequency (12:28) Oji’s “Zone of Benefit” framework(14:49) How to find your ICPs(15:33) ICPs at Twitter(20:20) Oji’s philosophy on frameworks(22:31) Oji’s upcoming book(24:34) An explanation of “sharp problems”(28:31) Signs your problem is “sharp enough”(31:17) Discovery vs. continuous conversations(35:08) Customer listening(38:31) Onboarding fundamentals(43:49) Activated user milestones(45:47) The power of network effects(50:15) An explanation of virality and how to increase it(56:32) How to use “forest time” to zoom out and see problems in a new way(1:00:53) Lessons from Oji’s time at Bridgewater Associates(1:05:07) Why R&D teams need a larger system beyond Agile and design(1:06:57) Lightning round—Referenced:• Where to fish to land a unicorn: https://ojiudezue.medium.com/where-to-fish-to-land-a-unicorn-in-b2b-saas-9bc93c96152c• Coda: https://coda.io/• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Finding high-frequency customers (use cases): https://ojiudezue.medium.com/finding-high-frequency-customers-use-cases-53773a753bb5• Evernote: https://evernote.com/• Industry PM conference: https://www.industryconference.com/• Typeform: https://www.typeform.com/• Build better products with continuous product discovery | Teresa Torres: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/build-better-products-with-continuous-product-discovery-teresa-torres/• Pendo: https://www.pendo.io/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Dan Hockenmaier on Twitter: https://twitter.com/danhockenmaier• Seth Godin’s blog: https://seths.blog/• A key ritual: Forest time: https://ojiudezue.substack.com/p/a-key-ritual-forest-time• Principles: https://www.principles.com/• Dot Collector: https://principlesus.com/dot-collector-real-time-feedback/• The Halo Effect: . . . and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers: https://www.amazon.com/Halo-Effect-Business-Delusions-Managers/dp/1476784035/• Dune: https://www.amazon.com/Dune-Penguin-Galaxy-Frank-Herbert/dp/0143111582• Foundation: https://www.amazon.com/Foundation-3-Book-Boxed-Set-Empire/dp/0593499573• Foundation on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/foundation/umc.cmc.5983fipzqbicvrve6jdfep4x3• Unlox: https://unlox.it/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Mercury—the powerful and intuitive way for ambitious companies to bank | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life—Andy Johns is a former tech exec and VC who had a successful run at several startups—including Facebook, Twitter, Wealthfront, and Quora—but left it all behind a few years ago to take a new direction in life. Now a mental health advocate, he aids military veterans with PTSD, guides burnt-out high achievers to new paths, and shares his healing journey from childhood trauma and mental illness through his newsletter, Clues Dot Life. In this episode, we discuss:• Why Andy left his seven-figure VC career behind• The four-step process of deep personal transformation• When suffering is necessary vs. unnecessary• Tips for finding a good therapist• How a writing practice can help you heal• When you’re in need of radical transformation—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/when-enough-is-enough-andy-johns—Where to find Andy Johns:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/cluesdotlife• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewjohns/• Website: https://www.clues.life/• Newsletter: https://andyjohns.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Andy’s background(04:45) His personal burnout story(12:55) The high incidence of mental health struggles in tech(14:41) Why Andy walked away from a seven-figure VC job(20:29) His work in mental health advocacy (23:32) The four-step process of deep personal transformation(31:40) The ego’s involvement(33:23) Necessary vs. unnecessary suffering(37:01) First steps in understanding your suffering(38:59) Advice on finding a therapist(42:11) How a writing practice can help you heal(43:47) Two methods for writing to gain self-understanding (47:47) Signs you’re dealing with more than just typical job stress(52:22) How to move into a place of self-compassion(57:16) The unpredictable timeline of healing (59:59) How to develop compassion for others(1:02:19) Why not everyone needs a radical transformation(1:04:10) The story of Pema Chodron’s transformation (1:06:06) What holds people back from making changes(1:13:29) Finding your own unique path to healing(1:17:32) Andy’s closing message to anyone feeling pulled toward a new chapter(1:18:59) How Andy is doing now—Referenced:• How to know when to stop: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-know-when-to-stop• Heroic Hearts Project: https://heroicheartsproject.org/• Panic attacks and panic disorder: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4451-panic-attack-panic-disorder• The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma: https://www.amazon.com/Body-Keeps-Score-Healing-Trauma/dp/0143127748• Vipassana meditation: https://www.dhamma.org/en/index• The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment: https://www.amazon.com/Power-Now-Guide-Spiritual-Enlightenment/dp/1577314808• Moby Dick: https://www.amazon.com/Moby-Dick-Herman-Melville/dp/1503280780• When Things Fall Apart: Heart Advice for Difficult Times: https://www.amazon.com/When-Things-Fall-Apart-Difficult/dp/1611803438—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Mixpanel—Event analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech—Claire Butler was Figma’s first GTM hire and their 10th employee. She led Figma’s early GTM strategy from stealth through monetization. She also helped the team through the journey to find product-market fit and built the team that drove Figma’s unique bottom-up growth motion. Eight years later, as Senior Director of Marketing, she continues to lead Figma’s bottom-up growth motion, along with community, events, social, advocacy, and Figma for education. In this episode, we discuss:• An in-depth look at Figma’s bottom-up GTM motion• Why you need to start with individual contributors (ICs) loving your product• How to spread adoption within the organization• How “designer advocates” have played a critical role in Figma’s growth• The freemium strategy that drove massive growth for Figma• How to leverage product champions• When to leave stealth• Early-stage metrics, and why they are often unreliable• Advice for people looking to join a startup—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-figmas-unique-bottom—Where to find Claire Butler:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/clairetbutler• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/clairetbutler/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Claire’s background(03:47) The huge branding decision that Claire made on day one at Figma(07:45) The most stressful memory of early days at Figma(09:55) Advice for people looking to join a startup(12:55) What a bottom-up go-to-market motion is(17:12) Figma’s unique approach to bottom-up GTM(18:52) Figma’s launch out of stealth (23:01) Signals vs. hard metrics in the early days (24:50) How Figma won over Microsoft(30:08) How to win over ICs(32:00) How to establish credibility(37:38) Customer obsession in action(41:11) Why getting users to love your product is so vital(44:01) How Figma used Twitter as its primary channel in the early days(49:06) Transparency and authenticity(49:52) GTM tactics at scale(52:09) “Little big updates” at Figma(54:16) Figma’s acquisition, and why it was one of the hardest days of Claire’s career(57:10) Figma’s core values(58:06) The Config conference(1:00:21) Spreading your product within the organization(1:02:09) The pricing tiers at Figma(1:07:35) The role of designer advocates(1:10:57) Design systems(1:16:12) Leveraging internal champions(1:17:53) Accelerating spread at scale(1:19:14) What types of companies are a good fit for bottom-up GTM(1:24:16) A summary of the bottom-up GTM model(1:25:27) Lightning round—Referenced:• Dylan Field on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dylanfield/• John Lilly on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnlilly/• Ivan Zhao on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ivanhzhao/• Xamarin: https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/apps/xamarin• Josef Müller-Brockmann: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_M%C3%BCller-Brockmann• Datadog: https://www.datadoghq.com/• Coda: https://coda.io/• Oren’s Hummus on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/orenshummus/• Intercom: https://www.intercom.com/• How Coda builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-coda-builds-product• Dylan Field on Twitter: https://twitter.com/zoink• Dylan’s tweet: https://twitter.com/zoink/status/1566566649712431105• Little Big Updates: https://www.figma.com/blog/little-big-updates-august-2022/• Sho Kuwamoto on Twitter: https://twitter.com/skuwamoto• Kris Rasmussen on Twitter: https://twitter.com/kris_rasmussen• Config: https://config.figma.com/• Tom Lowry on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomaslowry• Atomic Design: https://atomicdesign.bradfrost.com/• Figjam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• Dev Mode: https://www.figma.com/dev-mode/• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kick-Ass-Humanity/dp/1250235375• Dare to Lead: Brave Work. Tough Conversations. Whole Hearts: https://www.amazon.com/Dare-Lead-Brave-Conversations-Hearts/dp/0399592520• 100 Foot Wave on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/100-foot-wave• Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones: https://www.amazon.com/Atomic-Habits-James-Clear-audiobook/dp/B07RFSSYBH• Noah Weiss on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-10-traits-of-great-pms-how-ai-will-impact-your-product-and-slacks-product-development-process/• How to create an exceptional coverage plan for your parental leave (Tamara Hinckley): https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-create-an-exceptional-coverage—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Productroadmap.ai—AI to connect your roadmaps to revenue | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster—Tim Holley is VP of Product at Etsy where he leads the Etsy buyer experience. With a tenure spanning more than a decade, Tim has seen the company through many transitions (both in culture, in leadership, and in growth), and his team’s product changes have had a significant impact on buyer retention, conversion, and global expansion. In this episode, we discuss:• Lessons from navigating corporate culture shifts• How Etsy capitalized on the explosive growth of e-commerce during the pandemic• Marketplace learnings: when to focus on supply vs. demand, optimizing conversion, and more• How Etsy solves the “graduation problem”• Tips for hiring product managers—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/inside-etsys-product-growth-and-marketplace—Where to find Tim Holley:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/timholley/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Tim’s background(04:23) Tim’s time away at SoulCycle and what led him back to Etsy(06:34) Lessons from the 2017 culture shift at Etsy(12:15) Etsy’s guiding principles (13:32) How Etsy adapted to increased demand during the early days of mask mandates(16:38) What Tim learned about managing stress with his team during the pandemic(18:46) Lessons from building a thriving marketplace(21:47) Prioritization at Etsy(24:37) Supply constraint vs. demand constraint (28:43) Conversion wins(33:27) Experimentation at Etsy(37:58) Acquisition and top-of-funnel tactics(39:44) The seller referral program(40:33) Etsy’s habit loop framework(44:11) How they set themselves apart from other marketplaces(51:23) Retaining sellers (53:23) The defunct Etsy studio(55:18) Running the product team(57:20) Who the decision maker is (1:01:20) What Tim looks for when hiring PMs (1:03:03) A reflection exercise Tim does with his teams(1:05:08) Lightning round—Referenced:• Etsy: https://www.etsy.com/• SoulCycle: https://www.soul-cycle.com/• Inside the Revolution at Etsy: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/25/business/etsy-josh-silverman.html• Ronny Kohavi on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-ab-testing-ronny-kohavi-airbnb-microsoft-amazon/• How to Kickstart and Scale a Marketplace Business – Part 3: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-kickstart-and-scale-a-marketplace-911• Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World: https://www.amazon.com/Team-Teams-Rules-Engagement-Complex/dp/1591847486• Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant Businessman: https://www.amazon.com/Let-People-Surfing-Education-Businessman-Including/dp/0143109677• The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York: https://www.amazon.com/Power-Broker-Robert-Moses-Fall/dp/0394720245• Yellowstone on Paramount+: https://www.paramountnetwork.com/shows/yellowstone• Nara Baby app: https://naraorganics.com/nara-baby-tracker• Huckleberry app: https://huckleberrycare.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | LMNT—Zero-sugar hydration | AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech—Meltem Kuran Berkowitz is Head of Growth at Deel, which went from $0 to $300m in ARR in 3 years (fastest company in history to do so). Meltem joined Deel early to lead growth, and currently leads all of the growth and marketing teams including paid ads, content, product marketing, community, brand, and more. In this episode, we discuss:• How Deel found success leveraging low-cost growth channels• Why early awareness campaigns are a waste of time in B2B• How to create effective SEO content• Deel’s “traffic light” framework• When it makes sense to invest in paid ads• The art of structuring growth teams• Building a startup culture—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-deels-unprecedented—Where to find Meltem Kuran Berkowitz:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/meltemkuran• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/meltem-kuran-berkowitz-4721114b—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Meltem’s background(04:21) What Deel does(06:32) How Meltem leverages low-cost growth channels(13:18) How to answer questions in a value-add way(14:52) Leveraging closed communities(15:48) Breaking down Deel’s impressive growth (16:33) SEO best practices(18:32) Deel’s “traffic light system” framework for publishing content(20:03) The step-by-step process of publishing an SEO article(21:55) How Deel structures their content team(23:18) Why you can’t cut corners when doing SEO(25:15) Businesses that should not invest in SEO(26:40) The growth channels Deel prioritized early on(32:12) Why Meltem is not a fan of early awareness campaigns for B2B businesses (33:54) What Notion did right with their ad campaigns(36:16) How Deel can help your company(38:15) Deel’s blog post that caught the attention of the IRS(40:06) Paid ads tips(42:12) Why acquisition channels are useless without a great product(44:19) How the pandemic helped drive growth at Deel(47:11) Structuring early growth teams(51:23) Building a startup culture(1:01:10) The story behind Meltem’s unique workspace(1:05:22) Closing thoughts on growth (1:06:05) Lightning round—Referenced:• Deel: https://www.deel.com/• Clearscope: https://www.clearscope.io/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Geoff Charles on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/velocity-over-everything-how-ramp-became-the-fastest-growing-saas-startup-of-all-time-geoff-charl/• Amp It Up: Leading for Hypergrowth by Raising Expectations, Increasing Urgency, and Elevating Intensity: https://www.amazon.com/Amp-Unlocking-Hypergrowth-Expectations-Intensity/dp/1119836115• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com• How Will You Measure Your Life?: https://www.amazon.com/How-Will-Measure-Your-Life/dp/0062102419• Oppenheimer: https://www.oppenheimermovie.com/• The Summer I Turned Pretty on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09NF4J7XW• Library stamps on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/library-stamp/s?k=library+stamp• Bloody Caesar recipe: https://www.liquor.com/recipes/bloody-caesar/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Bob Moesta is the co-creator of the Jobs To Be Done (JTBD) framework, a close collaborator of Clay Christensen, and CEO and founder of The Re-Wired Group. He has helped launch more than 3,500 new products, services, and businesses and built and sold several startups himself. He is also a fellow at the Clayton Christensen Institute and a guest lecturer at the Harvard Business School, MIT Sloan School of Entrepreneurship, and Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management. In this episode, we discuss:• What Snickers and Milky Way can teach us about JTBD• The various flavors of the JTBD framework• Best practices for implementing the framework• Advice on conducting interviews for B2B vs. B2C customers• Common mistakes people make when implementing JTBD• When not to use it—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-jtbd-bob-moesta—Where to find Bob Moesta:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/bmoesta• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bobmoesta/• Website: http://www.therewiredgroup.com/• Podcast: https://pca.st/gg6goo1n—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Bob’s background(04:04) A simple explanation of the Jobs To Be Done framework(07:29) Struggling moments and demand(09:51) Understanding the context behind pain points(11:14) Reducing friction in the sales process(14:46) How Autobooks improved their buying process and 4x’ed conversion(16:52) The six phases of the buying process(18:30) The JTBD interview process(21:55) How Bob’s TBI affected his reading/writing and how he is able to write books(22:02) Why people switch companies(27:18) Tips for JTBD interviewing(30:07) Why you should not have a discussion guide(32:48) The danger of looking at the customer through the product(33:53) First steps in applying the JTBD framework(36:25) Signs people are ready for a change(37:43) Bob’s “layers of language”(40:15) Examples of companies with a broad adoption of JTBD(43:59) The different flavors of JTBD and common mistakes to avoid when implementing it(48:19) Bob’s work with Clay Christensen on JTBD theory(51:05) When not to use JTBD(53:40) Common misconceptions about the framework(55:55) What compelled Bob to spend so much of his life on JTBD(58:07) Three big takeaways(59:07) Lightning round—Referenced:• Jason Fried on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jason-fried/• Des Traynor on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/destraynor• Southern New Hampshire University: https://degrees.snhu.edu/• Paul LeBlanc on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-j-leblanc-6a17749/• Demand-Side Sales 101: Stop Selling and Help Your Customers Make Progress: https://www.amazon.com/Demand-Side-Sales-101-Customers-Progress/dp/1544509987• Autobooks: https://www.autobooks.co/• Intercom: https://www.intercom.com/• Zendesk: https://www.zendesk.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University: https://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• Michael Horn on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/michaelbhorn/• Ethan Bernstein on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ethanbernstein/• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating as If Your Life Depended on It: https://www.amazon.com/Never-Split-Difference-Negotiating-Depended/dp/0062407805• William Edwards Deming on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming• Basecamp: https://basecamp.com/• Sriram and Aarthi on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/hot-takes-and-techno-optimism-from-techs-top-power-couple-sriram-and-aarthi/• Genichi Taguchi: https://www.qualitygurus.com/genichi-taguchi/• Tony Ulwick on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tonyulwick/• The Clayton Christensen Institute on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/clayton-christensen-institute/• Shape Up: https://basecamp.com/shapeup• The End of Average: Unlocking Our Potential by Embracing What Makes Us Different: https://www.amazon.com/End-Average-Unlocking-Potential-Embracing/dp/0062358375• The Big Bang Theory on TBS: https://www.tbs.com/shows/the-big-bang-theory/watch-now• Oppenheimer: https://www.oppenheimermovie.com/• Kyota massage chairs at Costco: https://www.costco.com/massage-chairs-cushions.html?brand=Kyota&refine=%7C%7CBrand_attr-Kyota• Paul Adams on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/pauladams/• Matt Hodges on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mattnhodges/• Andrew Glaser on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/glaserandrew/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Camille Hearst is Head of Fan Monetization at Spotify, where she finds new ways for fans to connect and for artists to monetize. Previously she was Head of Product for Creators at Patreon, Product Marketing Manager at YouTube, the second Product Manager at iTunes, and VP of Product at Hailo. She also co-founded a company called Kit, which was acquired by Patreon in 2018. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• Advice on building a successful career as a creator• Her take on the future of the creator economy• The best and worst parts of building products for music artists• What Apple product teams do differently• The story of meeting Steve Jobs• Advice for founders going through acquisitions—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/monetizing-passions-scaling-marketplaces—Where to find Camille Hearst:• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/camillionz• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chearst/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter/X: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Camille’s background(04:24) Camille’s role as Head of Fan Monetization at Spotify(07:40) The best and worst parts of working with artists(14:15) Trends in the content creation world(19:29) Advice on building a successful career as a creator(21:32) The importance of content curators(22:30) Camille’s startup, Kit (24:49) Advice on selling your startup(28:28) The supply side of marketplaces(34:37) How Camille became the second PM at iTunes (35:43) The story of meeting Steve Jobs(43:01) Apple’s style of product management(45:54) Opportunities on the platform side of content creation(48:34) Camille’s early years growing up in a creative tech family(53:45) Favorite frameworks(52:32) Lightning round—Referenced:• Adam Fishman on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-build-a-high-performing-growth-team-adam-fishman-patreon-lyft-imperfect-foods/• The Federal Reserve says Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour boosted the economy. One market research firm estimates she could add $5 billion: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/taylor-swift-eras-tour-boosted-economy-tourism-federal-reserve-how-much-money-made/• Yelp coins the “Beyoncé bump” for the economic halo created by the pop star’s Renaissance Tour: https://fortune.com/2023/07/19/beyonce-renaissance-tour-economic-impact/• Lenny Bot: https://www.lennybot.com/• YouTube streamer faces riot charge after Union Square Park erupts in chaos: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/04/nyregion/union-square-kai-cenat-twitch-giveaway.html• Michelle Phan on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/MICHELLEPHA• Rover: https://www.rover.com/• Airbnb’s product management shift: the view from product leaders: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/airbnbs-product-management-shift-the-viewpoint-of-product-leaders/#• Hiroki Asai on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hiroki-asai-a44137110/• The Really Good Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-really-good-podcast/id1697794816• Nichiren Buddhism: https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml• What’s Love Got to Do with It on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/whats-love-got-to-do-with-it-f996a307-ee91-4550-8829-3694f55e0189• Marty Cagan on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/• Why you should eat the frog first: https://asana.com/resources/eat-the-frog• Draw the owl: https://review.firstround.com/draw-the-owl-and-other-company-values-you-didnt-know-you-should-have• The Three-Body Problem: https://www.amazon.com/Three-Body-Problem-Cixin-Liu/dp/0765382032• Kindred: https://www.amazon.com/Kindred-Octavia-Butler/dp/0807083690• A Wrinkle in Time: https://www.amazon.com/Wrinkle-Time-Quintet/dp/0312367546/• Foundation on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/foundation/umc.cmc.5983fipzqbicvrve6jdfep4x3• Battlestar Galactica on SyFy: https://www.syfy.com/battlestar-galactica• Hijack on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/hijack/umc.cmc.1dg08zn0g3zx52hs8npoj5qe3• Shadow and Bone on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80236319• Afrobeats playlist on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/37i9dQZF1EQqFPe2ux3rbj• “Calm Down” by Rema on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/37iaWiKMa9YBbEDlw5c3Qh—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster | Mixpanel—Event analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Brave Search API—An independent, global search index you can use to power your search or AI app—Austin Hay is currently Head of Marketing Technology at Ramp and was previously the VP of Business Operations at Runway, the VP of Growth at mParticle, and the fourth employee at the unicorn Branch Metrics. In 2022 he sold his online course, the Marketing Technology Academy, to Reforge, where he now teaches Martech and has a program launching in the fall. He’s consulted on Martech and growth for companies including Notion, Airbnb, Robinhood, Postmates, Walmart, JPMorgan Chase, and many others. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• What exactly marketing technology is• What a Martech person can do for your business• When to hire a Martech person and what to look for• Austin’s favorite tools• Advice for doing attribution• Frameworks on tooling, systems, and building vs. buying• How to apply the concept of “thinking gray” to make better decisions in work and life—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-martech-austin—Where to find Austin Hay:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/austinahay/• Threads: @austinahay—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Austin’s background(03:58) What marketing technology is(06:17) The difference between typical growth roles and Martech(10:23) Signs you need a Martech person on your team(14:03) Hiring and placing a Martech person in B2B, B2C, and B2B2C businesses(21:15) A day in the life of a Martech professional (25:05) Marketing technology vs. marketing operations (31:14) Tooling recommendations(41:49) The never-ending struggle of how to do attribution well(50:47) Emerging tools and platforms to keep an eye on(55:26) MMM modeling(57:47) What to look for when hiring a Martech professional, and Austin’s favorite interview questions(1:02:45) His red flags for companies and “false flags” for potential hires(1:04:51) His favorite frameworks(1:13:37) Lightning round—Referenced:• Siqi Chen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/siqic/• Austin’s marketing technology course on Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/courses/marketing-technology• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Sri Batchu on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-ramp-sri-batchu-ramp-instacart-opendoor/• Cody Morgan on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cody-morgan/• Braze: https://www.braze.com• Marketo: https://business.adobe.com/products/marketo/adobe-marketo.html• Mparticle: https://www.mparticle.com/• Segment: https://segment.com/• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com/• Reverse ETL: a primer: https://medium.com/memory-leak/reverse-etl-a-primer-4e6694dcc7fb• RudderStack: https://www.rudderstack.com/• Hightouch: https://hightouch.com/• Mike Molinet on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikemolinet/• Thena: https://www.thena.ai/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Gong: https://www.gong.io/• How today’s top consumer brands measure marketing’s impact: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-todays-top-consumer-brands-measure• About MMM: https://www.marketingevolution.com/marketing-essentials/media-mix-modeling• Recast: https://getrecast.com/• The Contrarian’s Guide to Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Contrarians-Guide-Leadership-Steven-Sample/dp/0787967076• The Art and Adventure of Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Art-Adventure-Leadership-Understanding-Resilience/dp/1119090318/• Suits on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70195800• Our Flag Means Death on Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Our-Flag-Means-Death-Season/dp/B0B8N4R4X1• What We Do in the Shadows on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/what-we-do-in-the-shadows-0b10c46a-12f0-4357-8a00-547057b49bac• Silo on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/silo• Cal.com: https://cal.com/• Brian Balfour on the Startup Dad podcast: https://www.startupdadpod.com/coping-with-the-loss-of-a-child-and-protecting-your-time-brian-balfour-father-of-2-ceo-and-found/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• AppsFlyer: https://www.appsflyer.com/• Customer.io: https://customer.io/• Branch: https://www.branch.io/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app—Christopher Miller serves as the VP of Product for Growth and AI at HubSpot. Having spent the past seven years at HubSpot, Chris has been at the center of one of the biggest B2B growth stories in history—leading HubSpot’s early growth strategy, their shift to PLG, and now their investment in AI. Beyond his role at HubSpot, he lends his expertise to founders advising them on PLG and their growth strategy broadly. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• The principles of winning teams, careers, and companies• What customer obsession looks like in practice• How sneaking into a party led to a career opportunity• Advice for breaking into product management• How to find mentors• The top four skills for growth roles• Lessons from building HubSpot’s famous PLG motion—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/relentless-curiosity-radical-accountability-and-hubspots-winning-growth-formula-christopher-mil/#transcript—Where to find Chris Miller:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christopherwilliammiller/• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/millsyjoeyoung/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Chris’s background(04:15) Chris’s role at HubSpot leading Growth and AI teams(09:17) The story of how Chris crashed a party and pitched his idea around pricing and packaging(12:25) Relentless curiosity and other important traits to have as a PM(16:52) How Chris broke into product management and advice for others wanting to do the same(22:12) Helpful tips for learning the craft of product management(26:30) Why you should talk to customers, former customers, and potential customers(29:34) Mentors vs. sponsors, and advice for finding people who will help you grow(34:02) What makes HubSpot unique(36:07) Customer obsession in action(40:23) How staying in the mid-market space has benefited HubSpot(42:10) HubSpot’s culture code(45:10) Fun rituals at HubSpot(47:36) Key elements that contributed to HubSpot’s early growth(55:00) Fallacies of product-led companies and how HubSpot embraced PLG(1:00:48) Advice for companies wanting to become more product-led(1:04:35) Common mistakes to avoid when trying to start a PLG motion(1:07:53) How HubSpot structures growth loops(1:10:50) The importance of aggressive experimentation within new channels(1:16:11) How Covid accelerated growth at HubSpot(1:17:59) Lightning round—Referenced:• Kyle Poyar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kyle-poyar/• Mariah Muscato on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mariahmuscato/• Ken Norton on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-unlock-your-product-leadership-skills-ken-norton-ex-google/• Fareed Mosavat on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-build-trust-and-grow-as-a-product-leader-fareed-mosavat-reforge-slack-instacart-pixar/• Jules Walter on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/leveraging-mentors-to-uplevel-your-career-jules-walter-youtube-slack/• The Culture Code at HubSpot: https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/34234/the-hubspot-culture-code-creating-a-company-we-love.aspx• Brian Balfour on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bbalfour/• Dharmesh on Twitter: https://twitter.com/dharmesh• ChatSpot: https://chatspot.ai/• Everybody Lies: Big Data, New Data, and What the Internet Can Tell Us About Who We Really Are: https://www.amazon.com/Everybody-Lies-Internet-About-Really/dp/0062390856• Chop Wood Carry Water: How to Fall in Love with the Process of Becoming Great: https://www.amazon.com/Chop-Wood-Carry-Water-Becoming/dp/153698440X• The Score Takes Care of Itself: My Philosophy of Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Score-Takes-Care-Itself-Philosophy/dp/1591843472/• I’m a Virgo on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Im-A-Virgo-Season-1/dp/B0B8PXXV2M• Barry on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/barry• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• Building a great product management organization: https://stripe.com/it-es/guides/atlas/building-a-great-pm-org• Garmin watch: https://www.amazon.com/Garmin-010-02174-01-Vivoactive-Smartwatch-Refurbished/dp/B0BPCNKBW1• Fernet: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernet—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Ezra—The leading full-body cancer screening company | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups—Geoff Charles is VP of Product at Ramp—the fastest-growing SaaS startup of all time, Fast Company’s #1 Most Innovative Company in North America, and a company I believe we should all study for how they operate, execute, and hire. At Ramp, Geoff has led the product team from the early days, including the development and release of 60+ products and features in the past year alone. He has been building financial services for over a decade, and his interview in Lenny’s Newsletter quickly became one of the most widely read newsletter issues of all time. In today’s podcast, we will discuss:• How velocity is at the heart of Ramp’s culture and success• How writing can unlock clarity, creativity, and rapid problem-solving• How to empower your product team through context sharing• How to practically approach problems from first principles• How Ramp approaches hiring in a unique way• Suggestions for breaking into the world of product management—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/velocity-over-everything-how-ramp-became-the-fastest-growing-saas-startup-of-all-time-geoff-charl/#transcript—Where to find Geoff Charles:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/geoffintech• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/geoffrey-charles/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Geoff’s background(04:49) An overview of Ramp(06:20) The importance of velocity at Ramp(08:50) Single-threaded goals and how to keep teams away from distractions(13:20) Setting lofty goals(15:17) How Ramp empowers teams(17:37) How Geoff’s management style has evolved at Ramp(19:55) The product design process at Ramp(21:19) Ramp’s system for sharing feedback(23:07) How Ramp handles bug fixes (24:15) Advice for PMs who want to move faster(29:29) Why velocity and impact can help protect against burnout(32:33) Planning vs. doing(37:54) Ramp’s strategy documents (40:55) Finding your unique positioning(42:46) OKRs(44:53) The importance of first-principle thinking(48:53) How to use writing to think through problems (51:46) How Geoff carves out time for deep work(54:05) How Geoff manages tasks and stays organized(57:15) Why other roles share the PM load at Ramp(1:00:30) PM responsibilities at Ramp(1:01:46) Identifying A+ talent(1:06:02) The skills Ramp looks for when hiring(1:07:33) Advice for people wanting to break into product management (1:10:37) Lightning round—Referenced:• How Ramp builds product: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-ramp-builds-product• Bill: https://www.bill.com/• Expensify: https://www.expensify.com/• Concur: https://www.concur.com/• Coupa: https://www.coupa.com/• Nicole Forsgren on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-measure-and-improve-developer-productivity-nicole-forsgren-microsoft-research-github-goo/• Sheryl Sandberg on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheryl-sandberg-5126652/• Getting Things Done: https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Things-Done-Stress-Free-Productivity/dp/0143126563• When Breath Becomes Air: https://www.amazon.com/When-Breath-Becomes-Paul-Kalanithi/dp/081298840X• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f• Whoop: https://www.whoop.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

This episode is brought to you by DX—a platform for measuring and improving developer productivity.—Dr. Nicole Forsgren is a developer productivity and DevOps expert who works with engineering organizations to make work better. Best known as co-author of the Shingo Publication Award-winning book Accelerate and the DevOps Handbook, 2nd edition and author of the State of DevOps Reports, she has helped some of the biggest companies in the world transform their culture, processes, tech, and architecture. Nicole is currently a Partner at Microsoft Research, leading developer productivity research and strategy, and a technical founder/CEO with a successful exit to Google. In a previous life, she was a software engineer, sysadmin, hardware performance engineer, and professor. She has published several peer-reviewed journal papers, has been awarded public and private research grants (funders include NASA and the NSF), and has been featured in the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Computerworld, and InformationWeek. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• Two frameworks for measuring developer productivity: DORA and SPACE• Benchmarks for what good and great look like• Common mistakes to avoid when measuring developer productivity• Resources and tools for improving your metrics• Signs your developer experience needs attention• How to improve your developer experience• Nicole’s Four-Box framework for thinking about data and relationships—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-measure-and-improve-developer—Where to find Nicole Forsgren:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/nicolefv• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicolefv/• Website: https://nicolefv.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nicole’s background(07:55) Unpacking the terms “developer productivity,” “developer experience,” and “DevOps”(10:06) How to move faster and improve practices across the board(13:43) The DORA framework(18:54) Benchmarks for success(22:33) Why company size doesn’t matter (24:54) How to improve DevOps capabilities by working backward(29:23) The SPACE framework and choosing metrics(32:51) How SPACE and DORA work together(35:39) Measuring satisfaction(37:52) Resources and tools for optimizing metrics(41:29) Nicole’s current book project(45:43) Common pitfalls companies run into when rolling out developer productivity/optimizations(47:42) How the DevOps space has progressed(50:07) The impact of AI on the developer experience and productivity(54:04) First steps to take if you’re trying to improve the developer experience(55:15) Why Google is an example of a company implementing DevOps solutions well(56:11) The importance of clear communication(57:32) Nicole’s Four-Box framework(1:05:15) Advice on making decisions (1:08:56) Lightning round—Referenced:• Chef: https://www.chef.io/• DORA: https://dora.dev/• GitHub: https://github.com/• Microsoft Research: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/• What is DORA?: https://devops.com/what-is-dora-and-why-you-should-care/• Dustin Smith on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dustin-smith-b0525458/• Nathen Harvey on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathen/• What is CI/CD?: https://about.gitlab.com/topics/ci-cd/• Trunk-based development: https://cloud.google.com/architecture/devops/devops-tech-trunk-based-development• DORA DevOps Quick Check: https://dora.dev/quickcheck/• Accelerate: The Science of Lean Software and DevOps: Building and Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations: https://www.amazon.com/Accelerate-Software-Performing-Technology-Organizations/dp/1942788339• The SPACE of Developer Productivity: https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3454124• DevOps Metrics: Nicole Forsgren and Mik Kersten: https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3182626• How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of Intangibles in Business: https://www.amazon.com/How-Measure-Anything-Intangibles-Business/dp/1118539273/• GitHub Copilot: https://github.com/features/copilot• Tabnine: https://www.tabnine.com/the-leading-ai-assistant-for-software-development• Nicole’s Decision-Making Spreadsheet: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1wItAODkhZ-zKnnFbyDERCd8Hq2NQ03WPvCfigBQ5vpc/edit?usp=sharing• How to do linear regression and correlation analysis: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/linear-regression-and-correlation-analysis• Good Strategy/Bad Strategy: The difference and why it matters: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Strategy-Bad-difference-matters/dp/1781256179/• Designing Your Life: How to Build a Well-Lived, Joyful Life: https://www.amazon.com/Designing-Your-Life-Well-Lived-Joyful/dp/1101875321• Ender’s Game: https://www.amazon.com/Enders-Game-Ender-Quintet-1/dp/1250773024/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0• Suits on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70195800• Ted Lasso on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso• Never Have I Ever on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80179190• Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/• COSRX face masks: https://www.amazon.com/COSRX-Advanced-Secretion-Hydrating-Moisturizing/dp/B08JSL9W6K/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Mixpanel—Event analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Round—The private network built by tech leaders for tech leaders | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Ronny Kohavi, PhD, is a consultant, teacher, and leading expert on the art and science of A/B testing. Previously, Ronny was Vice President and Technical Fellow at Airbnb, Technical Fellow and corporate VP at Microsoft (where he led the Experimentation Platform team), and Director of Data Mining and Personalization at Amazon. He was also honored with a lifetime achievement award by the Experimentation Culture Awards in September 2020 and teaches a popular course on experimentation on Maven. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• How to foster a culture of experimentation• How to avoid common pitfalls and misconceptions when running experiments• His most surprising experiment results• The critical role of trust in running successful experiments• When not to A/B test something• Best practices for helping your tests run faster• The future of experimentation—Enroll in Ronny’s Maven class: Accelerating Innovation with A/B Testing at https://bit.ly/ABClassLenny. Promo code “LENNYAB” will give $500 off the class for the first 10 people to use it.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-ab-testing—Where to find Ronny Kohavi:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ronnyk• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ronnyk/• Website: http://ai.stanford.edu/~ronnyk/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ronny’s background(04:29) How one A/B test helped Bing increase revenue by 12%(09:00) What data says about opening new tabs(10:34) Small effort, huge gains vs. incremental improvements (13:16) Typical fail rates(15:28) UI resources(16:53) Institutional learning and the importance of documentation and sharing results(20:44) Testing incrementally and acting on high-risk, high-reward ideas(22:38) A failed experiment at Bing on integration with social apps(24:47) When not to A/B test something(27:59) Overall evaluation criterion (OEC)(32:41) Long-term experimentation vs. models(36:29) The problem with redesigns(39:31) How Ronny implemented testing at Microsoft(42:54) The stats on redesigns (45:38) Testing at Airbnb(48:06) Covid’s impact and why testing is more important during times of upheaval (50:06) Ronny’s book, Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments: A Practical Guide to A/B Testing(51:45) The importance of trust(55:25) Sample ratio mismatch and other signs your experiment is flawed(1:00:44) Twyman’s law(1:02:14) P-value(1:06:27) Getting started running experiments(1:07:43) How to shift the culture in an org to push for more testing(1:10:18) Building platforms(1:12:25) How to improve speed when running experiments(1:14:09) Lightning round—Referenced:• Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments: A Practical Guide to A/B Testing: https://experimentguide.com/• Seven rules of thumb for website experimenters: https://exp-platform.com/rules-of-thumb/• GoodUI: https://goodui.org• Defaults for A/B testing: http://bit.ly/CH2022Kohavi• Ronny’s LinkedIn post about A/B testing for startups: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ronnyk_abtesting-experimentguide-statisticalpower-activity-6982142843297423360-Bc2U• Sanchan Saxena on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/sanchan-saxena-vp-of-product-at-coinbase-on-the-inside-story-of-how-airbnb-made-it-through-covid-what-he8217s-learned-from-brian-chesky-brian-armstrong-and-kevin-systrom-much-more/• Optimizely: https://www.optimizely.com/• Optimizely was statistically naive: https://analythical.com/blog/optimizely-got-me-fired• SRM: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ronnyk_seat-belt-wikipedia-activity-6917959519310401536-jV97• SRM checker: http://bit.ly/srmCheck• Twyman’s law: http://bit.ly/twymanLaw• “What’s a p-value” question: http://bit.ly/ABTestingIntuitionBusters• Fisher’s method: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%27s_method• Evolving experimentation: https://exp-platform.com/Documents/2017-05%20ICSE2017_EvolutionOfExP.pdf• CUPED for variance reduction/increased sensitivity: http://bit.ly/expCUPED• Ronny’s recommended books: https://bit.ly/BestBooksRonnyk• Chernobyl on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/chernobyl• Blink cameras: https://blinkforhome.com/• Narrative not PowerPoint: https://exp-platform.com/narrative-not-powerpoint/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Sidebar—Catalyze your career with a Personal Board of Directors | Superhuman—The fastest email experience ever made | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Noah Weiss is Chief Product Officer at Slack, where he leads all aspects of the product organization, including the self-service SMB business, the team that launched huddles and clips, and the search and machine-learning teams. Prior to Slack, Noah served as SVP of Product at Foursquare. He started his career at Google, leading the structured data search team and working on display ads. In today’s episode, we discuss:• The top 10 traits of great PMs• How “complaint storms” helped Slack teams foster empathy• How Slack’s product team is approaching AI• “Comprehension desirability” and other key factors leading to Slack’s success• Why you should be customer-aware but not customer-obsessed• Important areas of growth for both new PMs and senior PMsCurious to learn more about Slack? You can try Slack Pro and get 50% off using this link.—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-10-traits-of-great-pms-how-ai—Where to find Noah Weiss:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/noah_weiss• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/noahw/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Noah’s background(04:22) Noah’s advice on new parenthood(07:23) Lessons learned from leading product at Foursquare(11:33) Advice for working with strongly opinionated founders(14:14) Thinking of involvement on a U-shaped curve(16:53) Principles at Slack(19:32) Implementing ML, AI, and LLMs in meaningful ways(25:11) How Slack structures AI teams(26:59) Complaint storms and how they help foster empathy(30:01) Slack’s approach to prioritization (32:26) How delight is baked into the DNA of Slack(34:41) How Slack thinks about competition (38:04) Building a culture that takes big bets(41:40) Rituals at Slack(44:51) How Slack unlocked new levers of growth and revived their self-serve business(52:01) Slack’s early success and the factors that made them successful (58:08) Slack’s pilot programs for testing new features(1:02:03) Noah’s famous blog post: “The 10 Traits of Great Product Managers”(1:10:15) Book recommendations to improve your writing(1:12:30) Managing up and the importance of data fluency(1:14:54) The most important skills to improve as an early-career PM and as a senior PM(1:17:16) Lightning round—Referenced:• Emily Oster: https://emilyoster.net/• Dennis Crowley: https://denniscrowley.com/• Stewart Butterfield on Twitter: https://twitter.com/stewart• Don’t Make Me Think, Revisited: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability: https://www.amazon.com/Dont-Make-Think-Revisited-Usability/dp/0321965515• Gustav Söderström on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-spotify-the-science-of-product-taking-risky-bets-and-how-ai-is-already-impacting-the-future-of-music-gustav-soderstrom-co-president-cpo-and-cto-at-spotify/• Seth Godin: https://seths.blog/• Noah’s blog post on the 10 traits of great PMs: https://medium.com/@noah_weiss/10-traits-of-great-pms-a7776cd3d9cd• Five Dangerous Myths about Product Management: https://medium.com/@noah_weiss/five-dangerous-myths-about-product-management-d1d852ed02a2• Paul Graham: http://paulgraham.com/• Ben Horowitz on Twitter: https://twitter.com/bhorowitz• On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft: https://www.amazon.com/Writing-Memoir-Craft-Stephen-King/dp/1982159375• On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction: https://www.amazon.com/Writing-Well-Classic-Guide-Nonfiction/dp/0060891548• Nobody Wants to Read Your Sh*t: And Other Tough-Love Truths to Make You a Better Writer: https://www.amazon.com/Nobody-Wants-Read-Your-Tough-Love/dp/1936891492• Several Short Sentences About Writing: https://www.amazon.com/Several-Short-Sentences-About-Writing/dp/0307279413• Paige Costello on Twitter: https://twitter.com/paigenow• Creative Selection: Inside Apple's Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs: https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Selection-Inside-Apples-Process/dp/1250194466• The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Technologies-Management-Innovation/dp/1633691780• Radical Candor: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kim-Scott/dp/1250258405• Leadership: In Turbulent Times: https://www.amazon.com/Leadership-Turbulent-Doris-Kearns-Goodwin/dp/1476795924• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• The Bear on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-bear-05eb6a8e-90ed-4947-8c0b-e6536cbddd5f• Nanit: https://www.nanit.com/• Snoo: https://www.happiestbaby.com/products/snoo-smart-bassinet• Uppababy: https://uppababy.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Brave Search API—An independent, global search index you can use to power your search or AI app | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Hari Srinivasan is VP of Product at LinkedIn Talent Solutions, where he oversees LinkedIn Recruiter, LinkedIn Jobs, and LinkedIn Learning. He’s also a frequent guest lecturer at Stanford University. Previously, he served as the CEO and founder of We Created It, which was acquired by LinkedIn in 2014. Hari has a passion for building products, with experience ranging from creating the first U.S. hybrid SUV to developing a No. 1 app and writing a beloved children’s book. In today’s episode, we discuss:• LinkedIn’s unique business model and org structure• How to optimize your LinkedIn experience and improve your chances of getting a PM role• How to adapt to a skills-first talent market• The story of Hari’s failed first product review, and how he pivoted for success• Strategies for building and maintaining complex systems• How to get into product management—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/linkedins-product-evolution-and-the—Where to find Hari Srinivasan:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hsrinivasan1/• Website: https://www.mindofhari.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Hari’s background(05:04) How Twitter brought Lenny and Hari together(06:32) LinkedIn’s positive evolution, and what they did right(10:14) Specific changes that made LinkedIn’s feed more interesting(11:12) Understanding the algorithm and what kinds of content perform best(12:21) The talent solution product(15:46) The shift to skills-first hiring, and how LinkedIn changed their approach(20:24) The open-to-work signal, and the newly released open-to-internal-work signal(22:13) The PM talent landscape, and tips for landing a PM role(24:55) How to optimize your LinkedIn profile to get noticed by recruiters(28:38) Hari’s first product review at LinkedIn(30:38) LinkedIn’s North Star, and how to operationalize the North Star at any company(33:24) LinkedIn’s members-first value(35:32) Building and maintaining complex systems(38:09) The RAPID framework and the Five-Day Alignment framework(39:51) What LinkedIn looks for in new hires(40:51) The latest innovations at LinkedIn(43:16) LinkedIn Learning(45:00) Hari’s product management course(48:19) Advice for people hoping to get into product management(50:40) How to level up your PM skills(51:57) Hari’s creative side projects (55:02) Lightning round—Referenced:• Tweet from TheCuriousPM: https://twitter.com/zatin_jatin/status/1658616200560254978?s=20• The Curious PM on Twitter: https://twitter.com/zatin_jatin• Decision-making at LinkedIn: https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2018/03/scaling-decision-making-across-teams-within-linkedin-engineering• LinkedIn Learning: https://www.linkedin.com/learning• Thinking in Systems: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Systems-Donella-H-Meadows/dp/1603580557• Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow: https://www.amazon.com/Tomorrow-novel-Gabrielle-Zevin/dp/0593321200• An Immense World: How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us: https://www.amazon.com/Immense-World-Animal-Senses-Reveal/dp/0593133234• Star Wars on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/brand/star-wars• Case 63 on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4c9ZKaFtEKweSYOlYvxfvp• E.T. on Tubi: https://tubitv.com/movies/607451/e-t-the-extra-terrestrial• BriteBrush: https://www.amazon.com/BriteBrush-Interactive-Smart-Toothbrush-featuring/dp/B07VLL8QH4—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Superhuman—The fastest email experience ever made | AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech—Julia Schottenstein is a product lead at dbt Labs, a data transformation company, and an active angel investor in data and infrastructure startups. She first got excited about dbt in 2019 when she was a VC at NEA and decided to make the leap from investor to operator by joining dbt Labs. She also co-hosts the dbt Labs Analytics Engineering Podcast, a show about data trends that impact analytics engineers’ work. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Advice for founders hoping to improve their M&A outcome• How to strategically think about competition• How to determine your paid features and have willingness-to-pay conversations• Why Julia lives by “worse is better” and “tech debt is a champagne problem”• Lessons from dbt Labs• What PMs can learn from investors—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/m-and-a-competition-pricing-and-investing—Where to find Julia Schottenstein:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/j_schottenstein• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/julia-schottenstein-25424318/• Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/4BKMMeVXk4jJnAQSqGSJvE—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Julia’s background(04:15) How Julia went from VC to working in product at dbt Labs(08:24) Four things Julia uses to evaluate a company’s potential (11:10) How to identify whether or not you have product-market fit(12:05) Distribution strategies(13:11) M&A strategies(15:54) Lessons from the Transform acquisition(18:01) Competitive values at dbt(20:25) Keys to dbt’s success(26:35) An offsite exercise Julia used to help her team internalize upcoming changes(29:32) Determining what features are included in open source(31:56) Pricing and willingness to pay(33:34) Lessons from dbt Labs’s first pricing change(36:33) Whether or not to be public about selling your startup(40:08) How to utilize connections during acquisitions(44:57) How to communicate selling your company(46:33) M&A market forecast(47:28) Values at dbt Labs (50:14) Lessons from working with strongly opinionated users(52:02) The importance of shipping, learning, and iterating (54:08) How VC skills translate into product(57:03) Lightning round—Referenced:• dbt Labs: https://www.getdbt.com/• Tristan Handy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tristanhandy/• dbt Labs acquires Transform to enhance Semantic Layer tool: https://www.techtarget.com/searchbusinessanalytics/news/365530993/DBT-Labs-acquires-Transform-to-enhance-Semantic-Layer-tool• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com/en/• Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid: https://www.amazon.com/G%C3%B6del-Escher-Bach-Eternal-Golden/dp/0465026567• Red strings training clip from Ted Lasso: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVe3Iwy10MA• Monetizing Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Monetizing-Innovation-Companies-Design-Product/dp/1119240867• Madhavan Ramanujam on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-art-and-science-of-pricing-madhavan#details• Pricing survey: https://www.qualtrics.com/marketplace/vanwesterndorp-pricing-sensitivity-study/• Hunter Walk’s blog post about publicly selling your startup: https://hunterwalk.com/2023/05/13/the-acquihire-market-for-early-stage-startups-is-ice-cold-one-better-strategy-announce-youre-for-sale/• Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World: https://www.amazon.com/Range-Generalists-Triumph-Specialized-World/dp/0735214506/• The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life: https://www.amazon.com/Snowball-Warren-Buffett-Business-Life/dp/0553384619/r• Sam Walton: Made in America: https://www.amazon.com/Sam-Walton-Made-America/dp/0553562835• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• In Depth podcast: https://review.firstround.com/podcast• dbt community Slack: https://www.getdbt.com/community/join-the-community/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Brave—The independent, global search index you can use to power your search or AI app | Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups | Round—The private network built by tech leaders for tech leaders—Paige Costello is a beloved product leader with a reputation as a remarkable coach and mentor. She is currently the Head of Core Product at Asana, where she leads the group responsible for Asana’s web, desktop, and mobile apps. Prior to that role, she served as the Director of Product at Intercom and, before that, as a Group PM at Intuit, where she kickstarted her product career through their renowned APM program. In today’s episode, we discuss:• The unique product development process at Asana and how it’s evolved• The double-diamond framework• Conscious leadership training, and why every Asana employee learns it• How to demonstrate confidence and earn trust from skeptics• Why curiosity and openness may be the most important PM competencies• How to give feedback using impact statements—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-ask-the-right-questions-project—Where to find Paige Costello:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/paigenow• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paigecostello/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Paige’s background(04:38) What Paige is responsible for at Asana(06:04) The evolution of Asana’s product development process(09:10) Planning frequency(11:26) Examples of areas and metric tracking at Asana(12:46) The double-diamond process and how it’s applied at Asana(16:53) Asana’s office-centric hybrid work culture and the future of WFH(21:45) How to garner trust and win over skeptics(24:45) Why you should befriend researchers(26:17) How to exude confidence(29:03) The 3Es framework(33:43) Advice for early-career PMs(38:43) Paige’s latest pillars strategy(40:05) AI at Asana(41:50) Lessons from Paige’s time at Intuit(45:53) Challenges new PMs face(48:55) Challenges Paige has faced in her career(52:39) Paige’s skill-focused career philosophy(55:43) Lightning round—Referenced:• Use This Equation to Determine, Diagnose, and Repair Trust: https://review.firstround.com/use-this-equation-to-determine-diagnose-and-repair-trust• About conscious leadership at Asana: https://wavelength.asana.com/workstyle-simple-shift/• The 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership: A New Paradigm for Sustainable Success: https://www.amazon.com/15-Commitments-Conscious-Leadership-Sustainable/dp/0990976904• Intuit: https://www.intuit.com/• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Customers/dp/1119387507• The Blind Assassin: https://www.amazon.com/Blind-Assassin-Novel-Margaret-Atwood/dp/0385720955• The Alchemist: https://www.amazon.com/Alchemist-Paulo-Coelho/dp/0062315005• The Diplomat on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81288983• Fire of Love on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/fire-of-love/1hC7erRfsl3B• Poe: https://poe.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Brave Search API—An independent, global search index you can use to power your search or AI app | Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Superhuman—The fastest email experience ever made—Jiaona Zhang (JZ) is a product leader with a strong background in consumer products and extensive hiring and management experience. She is currently SVP of Product at Webflow as well as a lecturer at Stanford, where she teaches a graduate-level course on product management. Before Webflow, JZ was Head of Product for the Homes Platform at Airbnb and has also led product teams at Airbnb, WeWork, and Dropbox. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Building a “minimum lovable product” rather than a minimum viable product• How to create better roadmaps through storytelling• Top lessons from Dropbox, Airbnb, WeWork, and Webflow• The importance of setting ambitious OKRs• JZ’s first 90 days playbook: how to succeed in a new role• Advice for early-career PMs—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-minimum-lovable-products—Where to find Jiaona Zhang:• Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/managing-your-pm-career• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jiaona/• Website: https://www.jiaonazhang.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) JZ’s background(04:22) Common mistakes new PMs make(06:44) Why Airbnb Plus didn’t work out, and takeaways from that experience(10:51) Executing big dreams step-by-step(13:45) The right way to push back against founders(16:54) Minimum lovable product vs. minimum viable product(20:53) What makes a product lovable(22:20) Advice on roadmapping and prioritization(28:04) Tips for new PMs to accelerate their career(29:16) JZ’s top skills and how they have evolved over her career(31:37) Designing crisp OKRs(36:09) Lessons from WeWork(43:01) Winning the first 90 days at a new company(48:34) Why trust is crucial(51:48) High-level lessons from Dropbox, Airbnb, WeWork, and Webflow(56:38) The one piece of advice that transformed JZ’s career(58:39) Lightning round—Referenced:• Mike Lewis on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mikelewis/• “What working at Figma taught me about customer obsession,” VP of Product Sho Kuwamoto: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/what-working-at-figma-taught-me-about• WeWork: https://www.wework.com/• WeCrashed on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/wecrashed/umc.cmc.6qw605uv2rwbzutk2p2fsgvq9• Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days: https://www.amazon.com/Sprint-Solve-Problems-Test-Ideas/dp/150112174X• The Making of a Manager: What to Do When Everyone Looks to You: https://www.amazon.com/Making-Manager-What-Everyone-Looks/dp/0735219567• Tress of the Emerald Sea: A Cosmere Novel: https://www.amazon.com/Tress-Emerald-Sea-Brandon-Sanderson/dp/1250899656/• Arcane on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81435684• Snoo: https://www.happiestbaby.com/• Midjourney: https://www.midjourney.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Attio—The powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Sri Batchu currently leads growth at Ramp, the fastest-growing SaaS business (and fintech business) in history. Previously, he led growth strategy and operations at Instacart and was one of the first 50 employees at Opendoor, where he built, scaled, and managed a variety of business teams, including analytics, sales, and pricing. During his time there, the company grew from $100M to $5B+ in revenue and to 1,500+ people. In this episode, we discuss:• The surprising tactics behind Ramp’s unprecedented early growth• A breakdown of Ramp’s current growth org and growth channels• Why you need to be “failing conclusively”• Ramp’s unique approach to metrics and measurement• Examples of Ramp’s “secret sauce”: a data- and technology-driven approach to everything• Why Sri prioritizes employee autonomy and flexibility over hours worked• Why team structure is a red herring for growth teams, and what Sri focuses on instead• How to set good North Star metrics, and why you should have more than one• Why Sri prefers payback periods over CAC for measuring investment ROI—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-scaling-ramp-sri-batchu—Where to find Sri Batchu:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/sri_batchu• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sribatchu/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Sri’s background(04:07) Stats surrounding Ramp’s hypergrowth(06:20) How Ramp set the stage for their remarkable growth(09:19) New customers vs. customer expansion(10:20) How Ramp has prioritized data-driven decisions(12:12) Ramp’s growth engineering team, and how it supports the sales team(13:41) The structure of the growth team at Ramp(14:36) The “skunk works” team(15:49) How Ramp maintains working at such high velocity(19:11) How Ramp boosts morale and keeps employees engaged and excited(21:45) How to promote hard work(25:10) Optimizing efficiency in your growth engine(27:28) Leveraging PR and fundraising(29:20) Traditional media vs. newsletters and podcasts(30:49) Building a repeatable and scalable growth process(32:28) Examples of good North Star metrics(37:09) Lower-level metrics(40:30) When it makes sense to use the North Star framework(42:03) Why Ramp doesn’t allow signups through personal emails, and how to reach out if you’re in that position(43:11) Efficiency metrics and volume metrics(46:49) Payback period vs. CAC for measuring ROI(48:55) Defining payback period and contribution margin(49:51) How to sequence growth tactics for B2B(52:18) Experimentation and the importance of failing conclusively(58:06) Ramp’s tool stack(1:00:32) How to hire great people(1:03:21) The importance of compensating employees properly(1:06:28) The MECE framework(1:09:21) Lightning round—Referenced:• How Ramp builds product, in Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-ramp-builds-product• Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/• Keith Rabois on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keith/• Packy McCormick’s article on Ramp: https://www.notboring.co/p/ramps-double-unicorn-rounds-behind• Gibson Biddle’s framework: https://gibsonbiddle.medium.com/9-the-gem-model-65c89face5de• DoorDash’s business model: https://businessmodelanalyst.com/doordash-business-model/• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/• Mutiny: https://www.mutinyhq.com/• Gokul Rajaram on Twitter: https://twitter.com/gokulr• Claire Hughes Johnson on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/lessons-from-scaling-stripe/• MECE principle: https://productfolio.com/mece-principal/• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating as If Your Life Depended on It: https://www.amazon.com/Never-Split-Difference-Negotiating-Depended/dp/0062407805• Stories of Your Life and Others: https://www.amazon.com/Stories-Your-Life-Others-Chiang/dp/1101972122/r• Everything Everywhere All at Once on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-fa320000-8cf3-46fc-8c45-df5ec67b71f2• Fellow kettles: https://fellowproducts.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech | Mixpanel—Product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Melissa Tan is an advisor, investor, and growth expert. She’s worked with fast-growing startups like Dropbox, Canva, Grammarly, and Miro, and for the past 2.5 years has been the Head of Growth at Webflow. There, she led the company's self-service business across Product, Marketing, and Growth, in addition to leading the charge on pricing and packaging. Prior to Webflow, she was Head of Growth for Dropbox’s B2B product, where she played a pivotal role in propelling their growth. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Attributes of high-performing teams• Tips for developing talent and seeking a mentor• How to create a strong culture of ownership• Frameworks for hiring PM and growth talent• Common pitfalls companies face when implementing growth strategies• Lessons from scaling Dropbox• The DACI framework for increasing team velocity• How to actually embrace first-principles thinking—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-high-performing-teams-melissa—Where to find Melissa Tan:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/melissamtan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/melissamtan/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Melissa’s background(04:12) What’s next for Melissa(06:45) Lessons learned from Dropbox(11:49) When to add sales to product-led products and vice versa(14:28) Managing people with a people-focused and results-oriented approach(17:14) An example of people-focused leadership(20:26) The importance of talent development and why Melissa invests in it(22:26) Tips for finding a mentor(24:58) Specific questions to ask when you are interviewing for a role(27:49) Companies Melissa has worked with(28:33) Attributes of high-performing teams(31:38) Creating a sense of ownership among team members(34:36) Building a team-first culture(36:54) Avoiding burnout by knowing your limits(39:24) Developing talent and unlocking potential within your organization(42:45) Melissa’s hiring practices and what she looks for in a product manager(44:40) The exact interview sequence Melissa utilizes(49:58) Common pitfalls when creating growth teams(53:43) “Flying formation” and the DACI framework(56:48) Who should own revenue(58:19) When to invest in growth(1:01:06) What to look for in your first growth hire(1:04:35) When it’s appropriate to hire an advisor(1:06:19) First-principles thinking(1:09:50) Lightning round—Referenced:• Jiaona Zhang on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jiaona/• Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead: https://www.amazon.com/Lean-Women-Work-Will-Lead/dp/0385349947• Tim Ferriss: How to Find a Great Mentor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVo1aZCyfO4• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kick-Ass-Humanity/dp/1250235375/• How to Monetize a Freemium Business: https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/how-to-monetize-a-freemium-business• DACI framework: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/daci/• Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Others Don't: https://www.amazon.com/Leaders-Eat-Last-Together-Others/dp/1591848016/r• The Untethered Soul: The Journey Beyond Yourself: https://www.amazon.com/Untethered-Soul-Journey-Beyond-Yourself/dp/1572245379/• The Four Agreements: https://www.amazon.com/Four-Agreements-Practical-Personal-Freedom/dp/1878424319• Winning Time: The Rise of the Lakers Dynasty on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/winning-time-the-rise-of-the-lakers-dynasty• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/• Webflow: https://webflow.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Mixpanel—Product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Attio—A powerful, flexible CRM for fast-growing startups | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Luc Levesque is Chief Growth Officer at Shopify and has advised companies like Canva, Twitter, Pinterest, and Patreon on growth and product strategy. Previously he served as an executive at TripAdvisor, where he built and led the growth team that helped it become the world’s largest travel site. Luc was then recruited by Mark Zuckerberg to Facebook, where he was an executive and held senior product and engineering leadership roles. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Why you need to become world-class at hiring• Tips for finding a great growth advisor and assessing their impact• Why truly great companies focus on impact• Common mistakes to avoid when building a growth team• The importance of passion and continuous self-improvement• Signs your company should explore SEO as a growth channel, and strategies to do so• Why Mark Zuckerberg personally recruited Luc and what it taught him about the recruiting process—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/leveraging-growth-advisors-hiring—Where to find Luc Levesque:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/luclevesque• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/luclevesque/• Website: https://luclevesque.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Luc’s background(03:31) Luc’s first MT review at Facebook(07:09) Impact vs. industriousness(09:20) Facebook’s relentless, personalized approach to recruiting talent(13:12) Luc’s hiring playbook(16:56) When to focus on growth and the importance of product-market fit(18:04) What to look for in a growth advisor(23:15) The large impact Luc made from a small conversation(26:52) Advice on compensating advisors(31:35) How to find a good growth advisor using VCs and your network(33:33) The importance of having an in-house person and growth advisors as support(38:15) Tips for becoming a growth advisor(41:59) The power of SEO (45:29) The two buckets of SEO(49:21) Channels of growth(51:49) The potential impact of ChatGPT on Google and SEO(56:04) Advice on hiring an SEO person(58:19) How long it takes for SEO to make an impact(1:00:07) Self-reflection, cold plunge, and other tools Luc uses to excel in his personal and work life(1:06:46) Luc’s famous dinner guild(1:10:33) Lightning round—Referenced:• Luc’s blueprint: https://coda.io/@luc-levesque/blueprint-for-leaders-managers-communicate-your-quirks/my-blueprint-9• Jeff Bezos’s morning routine: https://finty.com/us/daily-routines/jeff-bezos• Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain: https://www.amazon.com/Spark-Revolutionary-Science-Exercise-Brain/dp/0316113514• Smart Brevity: The Power of Saying More with Less: https://www.amazon.com/Smart-Brevity-Power-Saying-More/dp/1523516976• Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: https://www.amazon.com/Influence-New-Expanded-Psychology-Persuasion/dp/0062937650/• Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity: https://www.amazon.com/Outlive-Longevity-Peter-Attia-MD/dp/0593236599• Nobody Wants to Read Your Sh*t: And Other Tough-Love Truths to Make You a Better Writer: https://www.amazon.com/Nobody-Wants-Read-Your-Tough-Love/dp/1936891492• The War of Art: Break Through the Blocks and Win Your Inner Creative Battles: https://www.amazon.com/War-Art-Through-Creative-Battles/dp/1936891026• The Legend of Bagger Vance: A Novel of Golf and the Game of Life: https://www.amazon.com/Legend-Bagger-Vance-Novel-Golf/dp/038072751X• Huberman Lab podcast: https://hubermanlab.com/welcome-to-the-huberman-lab-podcast/• The All-In Podcast: https://www.allinpodcast.co/• Renu cold plunge: https://www.renutherapy.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Superhuman—The fastest email experience ever made | Microsoft Clarity—See how people actually use your product | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Nikhyl Singhal is VP of Product at Meta, overseeing teams building messaging, groups, stories, and the main Facebook feed. Before that, he served as the Chief Product Officer at Credit Karma and held various leadership roles at Google, leading teams on Google Photos and Google Hangouts. Nikhyl was also co-founder of three startups, including SayNow and Cast Iron Systems, which were acquired by Google and IBM, respectively. Alongside his successful career, he is passionate about coaching and mentoring, sharing his knowledge through the Skip podcast, newsletter and CPO community. In this episode, we discuss:• Finding your North Star and building a long and meaningful career• Why your superpower may actually be holding you back• Wisdom for aspiring product managers in the early stages of their career• Reasons you aren’t getting promoted, and advice on what to change• How to avoid short-term thinking early in your career and how to become a better manager long-term• Signs you work at an “ex-growth” company and that it’s time to leave• Signs the IC path is a reasonable pursuit• The importance of finding a community—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-a-long-and-meaningful-career—Where to find Nikhyl Singhal:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/nikhyl• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikhyl/• Newsletter: https://theskip.substack.com/• Podcast: https://www.skip.community/• Skip CPO Community: https://www.linkedin.com/company/skip-community-for-cpos/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nikhyl’s background(04:37) Nikhyl’s mentoring approach during critical periods of change(07:07) The power of long-term career planning(10:36) The value of gaining varied experiences rather than merely collecting logos on your resume(12:52) The unique benefits of working at a “MAGMA” company(14:50) Ex-growth companies and the impact of 0% interest rates(20:19) Signs your company may be struggling to find the right product-market fit(21:32) When you should stay at an ex-growth company(22:34) Early career advice for product managers(25:25) Mid-career strategies for promotion(29:47) Summarizing the 4 reasons you may not be getting promoted(30:15) The value of authentic feedback(33:29) Tactical tips for getting better feedback(34:46) Addressing management challenges in tech(39:50) Opportunities for those who prefer the IC path(45:25) How to become a better manager through community building(47:40) Nikhyl’s community, The Skip(51:27) Lenny’s Slack community(52:54) Late-career advice and identifying skills that need reshaping(57:07) Why it’s so important to listen to contradictory feedback(59:45) Nikhyl’s “superpower” and “shadow”(1:02:20) Mental health challenges and the third act of your career(1:08:44) Examples of North Star metrics in the third act of your career(1:12:20) Lightning round—Referenced:• Annie Pearl on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/behind-the-scenes-of-calendlys-rapid-growth-annie-pearl-cpo/• The Skip podcast episode about ex-growth companies: https://www.skip.community/should-i-join-or-leave-an-x-hypergrowth-company/• Jules Walter on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/leveraging-mentors-to-uplevel-your-career-jules-walter-youtube-slack/• Skip Community for CPOs on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/skip-community-for-cpos/• Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Disruptive-Mainstream/dp/0062292986/• Leadership and Self-Deception: Getting Out of the Box: https://www.amazon.com/Leadership-Self-Deception-Getting-Out-Box/dp/B07H3G1KCN• Rise on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/rise/6Yv1uRnw2uAJ• Arc browser: https://arc.net/• Josh Miller (CEO of The Browser Company) on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/competing-with-giants-an-inside-look-at-how-the-browser-company-builds-product-josh-miller-ceo/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Mixpanel—Product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs—Jeremy Henrickson is Rippling’s SVP of Product, responsible for scaling their product and design team across three continents. Previously, as Chief Product Officer at Coinbase, he oversaw 10x growth of the product and engineering organization and transformed a scrappy startup into a global cryptocurrency platform with tens of millions of users. He began his career at Apple in the 1990s and holds a BS and MS in computer science from Stanford. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Strategies for sustaining focus and momentum at scale• The case against MVPs• The problem with frameworks• “Compound startups” and how this influences Rippling’s product development process• Advice for founders wanting to move faster• Why you don’t understand your product unless you’re “in the weeds”• Hiring practices at Rippling and how young PMs can build fruitful careers—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/moving-fast-and-navigating-uncertainty—Where to find Jeremy Henrickson:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeremyhenricks• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeremyhenrickson/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jeremy’s background(03:24) What it was like leading product teams at Coinbase during the crypto boom(05:25) How Jeremy kept teams focused and the biggest challenges he faced at Coinbase(07:35) Advice for going through intense periods at work(08:52) Maintaining velocity at scale(12:07) An example of small teams with clear missions(14:29) A model for building products(18:03) Jeremy’s thoughts on MVPs (minimum viable products)(22:26) Designing for the most complex use case first(23:17) What a compound startup is and how it works at Rippling(27:09) Rippling’s unique culture of fast decision-making(28:14) Rippling’s leadership values(32:13) Advice for cultivating fast-decision-making teams(33:44) How deep-level thinking and working on the ground helped Rippling expand to other countries(38:42) Why product leaders need to be right(40:42) How Rippling decided where to expand to first(42:29) The case for expanding internationally before you think you’re ready(45:32) Why Jeremy isn’t a huge fan of frameworks(48:08) The differences between building product at Rippling and Coinbase(52:49) How Jeremy hires PMs at Rippling(58:29) Advice for junior PMs(1:00:19) Lessons from working with a founder who has strong opinions about what the product should be(1:02:15) Lightning round—Referenced:• Coinbase: https://www.coinbase.com/• Ethereum: https://ethereum.org/en/• Parker Conrad on Twitter: https://twitter.com/parkerconrad• Rippling: https://www.rippling.com/• Excellent Advice for Living: Wisdom I Wish I’d Known Earlier: https://www.amazon.com/Excellent-Advice-Living-Wisdom-Earlier/dp/0593654528• Matt MacInnis on Twitter: https://twitter.com/stanine• Rippling’s leadership principles: https://www.rippling.com/life• Airbnb cereal story: https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/18/airbnb-ceo-says-he-wooed-first-investors-with-boxes-of-cereal.html• Guidewire: https://www.guidewire.com/• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Kyle Boston on Twitter: https://twitter.com/KyleB• Quicksilver (book one of the Baroque Cycle series:) https://www.amazon.com/Quicksilver-Baroque-Cycle-Vol-1/dp/0060593083/r• Consider Phlebas (book 1 of The Culture series): https://www.amazon.com/Consider-Phlebas-Culture-Iain-Banks/dp/031600538X/• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• The Game on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/the-game-2021/• Tenet: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6723592/• Corsair H60 CPU cooler: https://www.amazon.com/CORSAIR-Hydro-Liquid-Cooler-Radiator/dp/B00A0HZMGA• Focal Bathys headphones: https://www.amazon.com/Focal-Over-Ear-Bluetooth-Headphones-Cancelation/dp/B0B93YKQT3• Pandemic: https://www.amazon.com/Z-Man-Games-ZM7101-Pandemic/dp/B00A2HD40E• Gloomhaven: https://www.amazon.com/Cephalofair-Games-CPH0201-Gloomhaven/dp/B01LZXVN4P—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Microsoft Clarity—See how people actually use your product | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments—Nancy Duarte is the CEO of Duarte Inc. and has helped create over 250,000 presentations for influential business leaders across the globe, including Apple, TED, the World Bank, and Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth. She’s also written six best-selling books, and her TED talk has garnered over 3 million views. She regularly contributes to HBR, MIT-Sloan, and Forbes, and her books are essential reading in leading business schools worldwide. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Why empathy is at the heart of everything Nancy does• Why you’re presenting more often than you think• Tactics for creating interesting presentations and telling better stories• The concept of a “torchbearer leader” and why it’s important• Strategies for overcoming stage fright and nerves• Tips for communicating and presenting remotely• How Nancy landed Apple as a client and what she learned—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/storytelling-with-nancy-duarte-how—Where to find Nancy Duarte:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/nancyduarte• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nancyduarte/• Website: https://www.duarte.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nancy’s background(03:25) The insane number of presentations Nancy has helped create(04:52) The most memorable presentation of Nancy’s career, and what it taught her(07:04) The lasting impact of working with Al Gore(09:00) How Nancy landed Apple as a client(11:44) How working with Apple informed future presentations(16:22) 3 things to remember when creating a deck(17:33) The importance of empathy(20:29) Empathy in action(22:40) Why internal presentations are so high-pressure(23:09) Signs you’re doing a good job making the audience the hero of the story(25:38) The structure of great talks(28:08) Lessons from great historical speeches(30:02) You’re presenting more often than you think(32:07) How Nancy uses this story structure in her marriage(35:00) The framework What is? What could be? What is the ideal bliss?(36:07) The importance of visuals(41:12) Slide-making principles (titles, organization, and more)(45:46) The Minto Pyramid Principle(48:02) Think and plan before diving into software(50:00) The Duarte process for crafting presentations(53:18) How remote work has influenced the way we communicate and present (55:46) Strategies for overcoming stage fright and nerves(1:01:10) The concept of “torchbearer leaders” and why it’s important (1:04:54) The surprising truth about informal vs. formal production quality(1:07:37) Examples of PMs telling great stories(1:11:49) Lightning round—Referenced:• Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth: https://algore.com/library/an-inconvenient-truth-dvd• Apple’s Think Different campaign: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sMBhDv4sik• The Secret Structure of Great Talks (Nancy’s TED talk): https://www.ted.com/talks/nancy_duarte_the_secret_structure_of_great_talks• The Structure of Great Talks graphic: https://www.google.com/search?q=nancy+duarte+ted+talk+great+story+up+and+down+like+teeth&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2hoCZmJH_AhVXATQIHb1KC2AQ0pQJegQIBxAB&biw=1512&bih=838&dpr=2#imgrc=5Jei-bDCXe2qQM• I Have a Dream speech by Martin Luther King Jr.: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vP4iY1TtS3s• The Minto Pyramid Principle: Logic in Writing, Thinking and Problem Solving: https://www.amazon.com/Minto-Pyramid-Principle-Writing-Thinking• The Minto Pyramid Principle and the SCR Framework, by Lenny: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/minto-pyramid-principle-scr• Illuminate: Ignite Change Through Speeches, Stories, Ceremonies, and Symbols: https://www.amazon.com/Illuminate-Through-Speeches-Stories-Ceremonies• Marshall Ganz: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/faculty/marshall-ganz• Brian Chesky: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianchesky/• Airbnb’s Snow White storyboards: https://uxdesign.cc/how-airbnb-proved-that-storytelling-is-the-most-important-skill-in-design-15d04ac71039• The Writer’s Journey: https://www.amazon.com/Writers-Journey-Anniversary-Mythic-Structure• Business Proposal: https://asianwiki.com/Business_Proposal• Writer: https://writer.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs | Eco—Your most rewarding app—Andy Raskin helps CEOs align their leadership teams around a strategic narrative—a single story that powers success in sales, marketing, product, fundraising, and recruiting. His clients include Gong, Dropbox, Uber, Salesforce, Square, and IBM. In today’s episode, we discuss:• What a strategic narrative is, and how to craft one• How having a strategic narrative can bring alignment to your entire company• Examples of strategic narratives in action• Who needs a strategic narrative and who doesn’t• Why Andy thinks about movements instead of categories—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-power-of-strategic-narrative—Where to find Andy Raskin:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andyraskin/• Website: https://www.andyraskin.com/• Podcast: https://andyraskin.com/podcast/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Andy’s background(08:03) What is a strategic narrative?(10:34) How Salesforce would have pitched the old way(12:02) Examples of a strategic narrative in action (15:23) How one piece of writing skyrocketed Andy’s career(16:40) The power of writing online(17:53) Two paths to writing online(19:27) Naming the old game(20:59) Naming the stakes (23:29) Naming the objective(25:17) Naming the obstacles(26:35) Overcoming the obstacles(26:57) How the strategic narrative parallels the hero’s journey (28:25) Telling one story well vs. being a good storyteller(29:18) The 5-step framework summarized(31:33) An example of the 5-step framework in action(36:12) The impact of shifting to the strategic narrative approach (39:08) Companies that are nailing their strategic narrative (40:36) Why Andy thinks about movements instead of categories(44:15) Should every company have a strategic narrative?(46:33) Signs that something is broken in your strategic narrative(48:53) Steps to get started on your own(51:36) How to reach Andy(51:53) Why the second session is the low point in the process(55:30) Why the CEO needs to be part of the process(57:40) Lightning round—Referenced:• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Marc Benioff: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcbenioff/• Zuora: https://www.zuora.com/• The Greatest Sales Deck I’ve Ever Seen: https://medium.com/the-mission/the-greatest-sales-deck-ive-ever-seen-4f4ef3391ba0• Gong: https://www.gong.io/• Tien Tzuo: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tientzuo/• Want a Better Pitch? Master the “Move”: https://medium.com/firm-narrative/want-a-better-pitch-master-the-move-5fbee071ca7f• Star Wars: https://www.starwars.com/• The Hero with a Thousand Faces: https://www.amazon.com/Thousand-Faces-Collected-Joseph-Campbell/dp/1577315936• 360Learning: https://360learning.com/• Nick Hernandez: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicoconut/• Amit Bendov: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amitbendov/• Drift: https://www.drift.com/• OneTrust: https://www.onetrust.com/• “Shitty First Drafts” by Anne Lamott: https://learning.hccs.edu/faculty/pamela.golden/engl2327/shitty-first-drafts-by-anne-lamott/view• Story: https://www.amazon.com/Story-Substance-Structure-Principles-Screenwriting/• Out of Sheer Rage: https://www.amazon.com/Out-Sheer-Rage-Wrestling-Lawrence/• Station Eleven: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10574236/• Fitbit: https://www.fitbit.com/global/us/home• Apple Watch: https://www.apple.com/watch—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Microsoft Clarity—See how people actually use your product | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Eco—Your most rewarding app—Gustav Söderström is the Co-President and Chief Product and Technology Officer at Spotify. He is responsible for Spotify’s global product and technology strategy, overseeing the product, design, data, and engineering teams. Prior to Spotify, he founded 13th Lab, a startup that was later acquired by Facebook’s Oculus. He also served as the Director of Product and Business Development for Yahoo Mobile and founded Kenet Works, a company focused on community software for mobile phones, which was acquired by Yahoo in 2006. In today’s episode, we discuss:• How Spotify structures product teams to promote freedom of thought• Lessons on thinking long-term and navigating negative feedback• Why Gustav started a podcast and what he’s learned• How AI has impacted the work PMs, engineers, and designers do within Spotify• AI-generated music and its impact on artists• What’s next for Spotify and Spotify Podcasting—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-scaling-spotify-the—Where to find Gustav Söderström:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/GustavS• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gustavsoderstrom/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Gustav’s background(04:08) The various roles Gustav has occupied at Spotify(06:54) Why Gustav launched a podcast and what he learned(12:37) How PMs and product teams should think about AI(21:23) AI-generated music(26:19) Will AI continue to be a magic trick for products?(28:27) How Spotify organizes product teams(34:33) How Spotify operationalized autonomy(35:45) Why Spotify uses a centralized model for structuring their organization(43:34) The big bet Spotify took with redesigning its interface, and what they learned(57:26) How they tested their hypothesis before launch(1:02:35) Gustav’s “10% planning time” methodology (1:03:53) How to bring energy and clarity to your work(1:08:07) How to systematize deep thinking(1:10:29) The peeing-in-your-pants analogy (1:11:38) Thoughts on how the Swedish culture is portrayed in Succession (1:13:30) What’s next for Spotify and Spotify Podcasting(1:15:52) Lightning round—Referenced:• Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/• Daniel Ek: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-ek-1b52093a/• Spotify: A Product Story podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/3L9tzrt0CthF6hNkxYIeSB• Spotify’s AI DJ: https://newsroom.spotify.com/2023-02-22/spotify-debuts-a-new-ai-dj-right-in-your-pocket/• Avicii: https://avicii.com/• DALL-E: https://openai.com/product/dall-e-2• Stable Diffusion: https://stability.ai/• Midjourney: https://www.midjourney.com/• Brian Chesky: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brianchesky/• Succession on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/succession• Fjällräven: https://www.fjallraven.com/us/en-us• 7 Powers: The Foundations of Business Strategy: https://www.amazon.com/7-Powers-Foundations-Business-Strategy• Charlie Munger: The Complete Investor: https://www.amazon.com/Charlie-Munger-Tren-Griffin• The Mystery of the Aleph: Mathematics, the Kabbalah, and the Search for Infinity: https://www.amazon.com/Mystery-Aleph-Mathematics-Kabbalah-Infinity• Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime: https://www.amazon.com/Something-Deeply-Hidden• Helgoland: Making Sense of the Quantum Revolution: https://www.amazon.com/Helgoland-Making-Sense-Quantum-Revolution• The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World: https://www.amazon.com/The-Beginning-of-Infinity• The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes—and Its Implications: https://www.amazon.com/The-Fabric-of-Reality• The Case Against Reality: Why Evolution Hid the Truth from Our Eyes: https://www.amazon.com/The-Case-Against-Reality-audiobook/dp/B07VL5TCVF/ref=sr_1_1• Gödel’s Proof: https://www.amazon.com/G%C3%B6dels-Proof-Ernest-Nagel• The Demon in the Machine: How Hidden Webs of Information Are Solving the Mystery of Life: https://www.amazon.com/Demon-Machine-Information-Solving-Mystery• Halt and Catch Fire on Apple TV: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/halt-and-catch-fire/umc.cmc.5s15r46uj0wx044tipm2zoh88• Duolingo: https://www.duolingo.com/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Rows—The spreadsheet where data comes to life—Scott Belsky is an entrepreneur, author, investor, and currently Adobe’s Chief Strategy Officer and EVP of Design and Emerging Products. He founded Behance, an online platform for creative professionals to showcase and discover work, and served as CEO until its acquisition by Adobe. Scott is an early advisor and investor in several businesses at the intersection of technology and design, including Pinterest, Uber, Warby Parker, Airtable, and Flexport. He is also the author of two nationally bestselling books and founded 99U, a publication and conference focused on productivity in the creative world. In today’s episode, we discuss:* How to strengthen your product sense* Why you should only do half the things you want* What it takes to build a successful consumer product* Why you are probably underinvesting in onboarding* The future of AI and how to prepare for it* Advice for founders and PMs who are feeling stuck* Why resourcefulness will take you further than resources* Adobe’s current priorities and their exciting path ahead—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-on-building-product-sense—Where to find Scott Belsky:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/scottbelsky• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scottbelsky/• Blog: https://www.implications.com/• Website: www.scottbelsky.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Scott’s background(04:50) Why Scott shifted roles at Adobe(08:29) Advice for PMs looking to build product sense(10:43) The first mile(13:18) How to develop more empathy(16:33) How to build consumer products that work(20:42) Scott’s philosophy that you should “only do half the things you want to do”(26:15) Scott’s optimism about how the world will look in five years with AI(29:44) How AI will impact product teams(32:55) How the PM role will change as a result of AI(35:09) How Adobe is leveraging AI tools(36:59) What the term “golden gut” means(38:15) Advice for PMs to stay ahead of the new AI trends(41:02) How to start writing more(41:49) The messy middle(47:03) What Scott looks for as an angel investor (50:16) Why resourcefulness will take you further than resources (52:41) Adobe’s current priorities and the path ahead(54:58) Lightning round —Referenced:• Adobe: https://www.adobe.com/• Behance: https://www.behance.net/• Casey Winters on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/thinking-beyond-frameworks-casey-winters-pinterest-eventbrite-airbnb-tinder-canva-reddit-grubhub/• Crafting The First Mile Of Product: https://medium.com/positiveslope/crafting-the-first-mile-of-product-7ed25e8f1027• Shishir Mehrotra on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/• Scott’s tweet on only doing half the things you want to do: https://twitter.com/scottbelsky/status/1441469886975279109?s=20• Matt Mochary on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary-ceo-coach/• Adobe Firefly: https://www.adobe.com/sensei/generative-ai/firefly• Howie Liu (CEO at Airtable): https://www.linkedin.com/in/howieliu/• ChatGPT: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt• The Messy Middle: Finding Your Way Through the Hardest and Most Crucial Part of Any Bold Venture by Scott Belsky: https://www.amazon.com/Messy-Middle-Finding-Through-Hardest/dp/0735218072• Adobe Express: https://www.adobe.com/express• Build: An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making by Tony Fadell: https://www.amazon.com/Build-Unorthodox-Guide-Making-Things/dp/0063046067• Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey on Netflix: https://dvd.netflix.com/Movie/Cosmos-A-Spacetime-Odyssey/80004448• Vinod Khosla’s prediction: https://futurism.com/80-of-it-jobs-can-be-replaced-by-automation-and-its-exciting• Queue: https://www.queue.co/• Tome: https://tome.app/• Kevin Kelly on The Tim Ferriss Show: https://tim.blog/2014/08/29/kevin-kelly/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Microsoft Clarity—See how people actually use your product | Eco—Your most rewarding app | LMNT—Zero-sugar hydration—Ayo Omojola is Chief Product Officer at Carbon Health, one of the fastest-growing and most innovative health tech companies in the world. Previously, he was a PM leader at Cash App, where he co-created the Cash Card and scaled it to a nine-figure revenue line for Square. He’s also an angel investor in companies like Mercury, Modern Treasury, Faire, and many others. In this episode, we discuss:• How Cash App broke through the noise and became a consumer app success story• Why small teams are better than big ones• Hard-won lessons on team building and hiring• Why it’s “criminal” not to connect people in your network to things that they need• Why you sometimes shouldn’t listen to experts• The importance of first-principles thinking• Advice for health tech founders—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/frameworks-for-product-differentiation-team-building-and-thinking-from-first-principles-ayo-omojola-carbon-health-cash-app/#transcript—Where to find Ayo Omojola:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ay_o• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/omojola/• Blog: https://kunle.app/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ayo’s background(04:13) The story of how Ayo used Quora for discoverability (06:44) The scale of Cash App (07:37) What Cash App did well(10:12) Lessons from building consumer apps (13:08) Why it’s so important to be different(14:08) What Ayo learned from how Square/Block operates(16:36) How to succeed at building a startup within a startup(19:06) How Ayo transitioned from fintech to health tech(22:51) Why Ayo loves hiring founders (28:32) Team-building strategies(32:12) The importance of going deep and challenging assumptions(36:58) Why you should always ask questions(38:45) Lessons in leadership(41:43) Advice for founders in the health-care space(44:48) What Carbon Health is(46:58) Lightning round—Referenced:• Ayo on Quora: https://www.quora.com/profile/Ayo-Omojola• Carbon Health: https://carbonhealth.com/• Cash App: https://cash.app/• Lob: https://www.lob.com/• Mailform: https://www.mailform.io/• Venmo: https://venmo.com/• PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/us/home• Apple Cash: https://www.apple.com/apple-cash/• Square: https://squareup.com/us/en/home/• Block: https://block.xyz/• Pinwheel: https://www.pinwheelapi.com/• The Three-Body Problem: https://www.amazon.com/Three-Body-Problem-Cixin-Liu/dp/0765382032• Children of Time: https://www.amazon.com/Children-of-Time• Children of Memory: https://www.amazon.com/Children-Memory-Adrian-Tchaikovsky/• Children of Ruin: https://www.amazon.com/Children-Ruin-Time-Adrian-Tchaikovsky/• Stormlight Archive: https://www.amazon.com/Stormlight-Archive-Boxed-Set-Books/• Fire in the Deep: https://www.amazon.com/Fire-Deep-Robert-J-Miller/• War of the Worlds on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/amzn1.dv.gti.49a287c2-44ed-4ffc-afa0-fab86dd0d31d• Succession on HBO Max: https://play.hbomax.com/player/urn:hbo:episode:GWukCJAu0e4uHwwEAAAB5• No Context Succession on Twitter: https://twitter.com/nocontextroyco—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday | AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech | Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life—Jonathan Becker is the founder and president of Thrive Digital, where he and his team have deployed more than $3.5 billion in paid acquisition budgets for companies like Uber, Asana, Square, Tempur-Pedic, and MasterClass. He spent the first part of his career mastering SEO and is a world expert in DTC, lead generation, demand generation, and user acquisition. In today’s episode, we discuss:• Signs that your company is a good fit for paid growth• Strategies for optimizing ad creatives• The merits of different marketing channels: paid vs. organic search, TikTok and short-form• Insights on attribution and how to approach it effectively• How market conditions and AI impact paid growth• The crazy story of how Jonathan won Uber as a client—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/mastering-paid-growth-jonathan-becker—Where to find Jonathan Becker:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/jzbecker• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonathanbecker123/• Website: https://thrivedigital.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jonathan’s background(07:25) The crazy story of how Jonathan won Uber as a client(11:56) Interchangeable terms for “paid growth”(12:31) Why you shouldn’t put all your eggs in one basket(16:48) What kind of companies should pursue paid growth(23:07) Is it possible to reach scale exclusively through paid growth?(27:07) The evolution of performance marketing(29:39) Advice for founders choosing between SEO and paid(32:18) Strategies for optimizing ad creatives(44:43) Paid vs. organic search, TikTok and short-form(49:56) Where to spend money in order to drive growth for B2B SaaS(55:06) Attribution in performance marketing (1:04:18) The impact of AI on paid growth(1:12:52) Advice for early-stage startups on hiring in-house vs. hiring an agency (1:17:09) Qualifications to look for in your hires(1:23:23) How Jonathan won Snapchat as a client(1:28:55) Lightning round—Referenced:• Andrew Wilkinson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/awilkinson/• Garrett Camp: https://www.forbes.com/profile/garrett-camp/• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/• Grammarly: https://app.grammarly.com/• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/en• Supermetrics: https://supermetrics.com/• Recast: https://getrecast.com/• Midjourney: https://www.midjourney.com/• DALL-E: https://openai.com/product/dall-e-2• Storyworthy: https://www.amazon.com/Storyworthy-Engage-Persuade-through-Storytelling/dp/1608685489• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike: https://www.amazon.com/Shoe-Dog-Memoir-Creator-Nike-ebook/dp/B0176M1A44• American Kingpin: https://www.amazon.com/American-Kingpin-Criminal-Mastermind-Behind/dp/1591848148• The Big Short: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1596363/• White Lotus on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-white-lotus—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Mixpanel—Product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday—David Singleton is Chief Technology Officer at Stripe, where he oversees engineering and design teams. Since joining Stripe, David has helped grow the technology org across the U.S. and developed new engineering hubs in Singapore and Dublin as well as Stripe’s fifth hub, remote engineering, across the globe. Before Stripe, he spent 11 years at Google, where he was VP of Engineering, leading product development and coordinating more than 15 different hardware partnerships. In today’s episode, we cover:• Hiring secrets that set Stripe employees apart• How to build a product-minded engineering team• How to operationalize meticulousness• Strategies for maintaining developer productivity at scale• The process of “friction logging” used to make better products• How AI is changing the way engineers work• Insights for planning and prioritizing at scale—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-a-culture-of-excellence—Where to find David Singleton:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/dps• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidpsingleton/• Website: https://blog.singleton.io/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) David’s background(04:22) How Stripe’s unique hiring process has helped them build an incredible team(12:27) An example of a relentlessly curious and passionate employee(14:11) Structured hiring loops at Stripe(16:39) How Stripe built a product-minded engineering culture(21:56) Stripe’s operating principles (25:39) How Stripe uses “friction logging” to build a meticulous product culture (32:22) How to operationalize friction logging(35:02) How to set PMs up for success(36:53) Stripe’s collaborative approach to product evaluation(41:17) Advice for presenting to CTOs (42:58) How to get better at building products(45:28) Stripe’s “engineerications” and the importance of getting into the weeds as a leader(52:03) Auto-testing and other strategies to improve shipping speeds(59:29) Improving developer productivity(1:00:54) How AI has impacted the way Stripe builds product (1:07:03) Why David is excited about Copilot(1:09:24) Lessons from managing people(1:14:30) Planning and prioritization based on first-principles thinking(1:18:23) Lenny’s feedback from using Stripe(1:19:14) What’s next for Stripe(1:22:10) Lightning round—Referenced:• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Jeff Weinstein: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffwweinstein/• How we use friction logs to improve products at Stripe: https://dev.to/stripe/how-we-use-friction-logs-to-improve-products-at-stripe-i6p• GitHub Copilot: https://github.com/features/copilot• High Output Management by Andrew Grove: https://www.amazon.com/High-Output-Management-Andrew-Grove/dp/0679762884• Build by Tony Fadell: https://www.amazon.com/Build/dp/1787634116/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building by Claire Hughes Johnson: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212/• Andrej Karpathy on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@AndrejKarpathy• Midjourney: https://www.midjourney.com/home/• Emily Sands: https://www.linkedin.com/in/egsands/• Michelle Bu: https://www.linkedin.com/in/michellebu/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Rows—The spreadsheet where data comes to life | Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs—Carilu Dietrich is a former CMO, most notably the Head of Marketing who took Atlassian public. These days she’s an advisor to CEOs and CMOs of hypergrowth B2B companies and has worked with companies like Miro, Segment, Bill.com, 1Password, Productboard, Sprout Social, Weights & Biases, and more. In today’s episode, we discuss:* Patterns across the most successful hypergrowth companies* How to advance in your career, and how to someday become an executive* How to decide which company to work at* Advice for navigating the job market during tough times* How to find and execute new growth opportunities* Why most CMOs and CPOs get fired, and what we can learn from this—Find the transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-achieve-hypergrowth-in-your—Where to find Carilu Dietrich:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hypergrowth-advisor/• Newsletter: www.carilu.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/clu007—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Carilu’s background(04:28) Habits and behaviors that will help you reach an executive role(07:15) Why there is no substitute for working hard(08:15) 5 things you need to do to get to the C-suite(10:39) Choosing the right company for accelerated career growth(12:42) Criteria for assessing a phenomenal company(14:41) Asking better questions and making decisions with energy(16:05) Advice for finding a job during a recession (19:25) The importance of quality products and sustained brand advertising(24:06) Lessons from successful hypergrowth companies(28:14) Is word of mouth a necessary growth lever?(31:31) How to accelerate word-of-mouth marketing(35:28) Atlassian’s product-led growth strategy and delayed sales team hiring(39:54) When to hire your first salesperson (43:04) Common growth levers and roadblocks (47:01) How to build trust between CEOs and CMOs(49:00) Challenges of C-suite roles in startups(52:55) Bundling strategies(57:17) Lightning round—Referenced:• Tomasz Tunguz: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomasztunguz/• Denise Persson: https://www.linkedin.com/in/denisepersson/• Oracle: https://www.oracle.com/• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Classy: https://www.classy.org/• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com/en/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Okta’s “Businesses at Work” 2023: https://www.okta.com/businesses-at-work/• Y U No Use Hipchat billboard: https://techcrunch.com/2011/04/22/y-u-no-have-lame-billboard-hipchat/• Productboard: https://www.productboard.com/• Miro: https://miro.com/• Scott Farquhar: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scottfarquhar/• Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-product-led-sales-elena-verna/• Tao Te Ching, Stephen Mitchell translation: https://www.amazon.com/Tao-Te-Ching-Laozi/dp/0060812451/ref=asc_df_0060812451/• How to Win Friends and Influence People: https://www.amazon.com/How-Win-Friends-Influence-People/dp/8183227899/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0• Never Split the Difference: https://www.amazon.com/Never-Split-Difference-audiobook/dp/B01COR1GM2/ref=sr_1_1• Everything Everywhere All At Once on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/everything-everywhere-all-at-once-fa320000-8cf3-46fc-8c45-df5ec67b71f2• Tara Brach guided meditations: https://www.tarabrach.com/guided-meditations/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Linear—The new standard for modern software development | Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday | Rows—The spreadsheet where data comes to life—Elena Verna is a leading growth expert with over 15 years of experience in tech. She was SVP of Growth at SurveyMonkey and interim CMO at Miro, where she built high-performing teams that drove significant growth. She recently served as interim Head of Growth at Amplitude and currently advises and is a board member for early-stage startups. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• What product-led sales is• How product-led sales differs from product-led growth• Unpacking common acronyms: PQAs, PQs, PQLs, and MQLs• When and how to consider investing in PLS• Metrics for identifying qualified accounts• The team, data, and tooling required for implementing PLS• Common pitfalls to avoid when adding PLS—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-product-led-sales-elena-verna/#transcript—Where to find Elena Verna:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elenaverna• Twitter: https://twitter.com/elenaverna• Newsletter: https://elenaverna.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Elena’s background and what she’s doing now(07:13) Product-led sales (PLS) vs. product-led growth (PLG)(12:47) How sales solutions can be applied to enterprise-level problems(15:06) Defining enterprise-level problems (17:51) How product-led companies start with PLS(20:30) When to add sales(22:36) Two ways to get to PLS(24:27) Why every sales-led-growth company needs to add PLG(26:50) Two ways you can own revenue(28:37) PQAs, PQs, PQLs, and MQLs(37:17) How to get started adding PLS(42:01) Metrics to identify PQAs(47:00) Why sales should be carefully applied (49:07) Systems, infrastructure, and tooling(50:59) The people and resources required for PLS(53:42) Why you should have a clear ROI for every new hire(55:05) Why product needs to be accountable for monetization with PLS(59:57) Revenue-based goals product teams should have(1:06:28) Common pitfalls startups run into when implementing PLS(1:09:15) Benchmarks and the amount of time needed for implementing enterprise solutions(1:12:04) Using onboarding to profile users(1:13:08) Will AI be the next sales movement?—Referenced:• Elena’s previous episode on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/• Miro: https://miro.com/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Elena’s PLS funnel diagram: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/elenaverna_b2b-product-led-sales-guide-activity-7052664130763206658-yxLK/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop• Elena’s memes: https://www.elenaverna.com/memes• Mixpanel Signal reports: https://mixpanel.com/blog/mixpanel-signal-launch/• Amplitude Compass chart: https://help.amplitude.com/hc/en-us/articles/235147347-The-Compass-chart-discover-your-users-a-ha-moments• Looker: https://www.looker.com/• Tableau: https://www.tableau.com/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Marketo: https://nation.marketo.com/• Waitlist for PLG course on Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/programs/product-led-growth—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Lenny may be an investor in the companies discussed. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Braintrust—For when you needed talent, yesterday | Linear—The new standard for modern software development—Varun Parmar is the Chief Product Officer of Miro and has over two decades of experience in the tech industry. Prior to joining Miro, Varun held executive positions as Chief Product Officer at Box and Syncplicity (acquired by Dell EMC) and spent six years in product management at Adobe. He also co-founded Doculus, which was later acquired by Box. In today’s episode, we discuss:• The importance of empathy and how to foster it• The “AMPED” structure for cross-functional product teams• How to move fast and stay ahead of the competition• Powerful product and design rituals• How Miro acquired their first 1,000 users• How Miro successfully added a sales motion—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-how-miro-builds—Where to find Varun Parmar:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/vparmar230• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vparmar/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Varun’s background(04:08) How Miro operates as a cross-cultural product team(07:22) How applying empathy helped Miro build Miro Talktrack(11:51) What makes Miro stand out(17:08) Miro’s AMPED structure(22:57) The benefit of having product marketing as a part of the cross-functional team(25:24) How competition affects growth and product strategy(31:43) Why speed is so important and how to improve it(34:21) How Miro ensures that their products meet quality standards(37:19) How to remove blockers(47:22) Miro’s product development process(53:34) How OKRs work at Miro(55:55) The product stack at Miro(1:01:20) Big bets vs. maintenance and bug fixes at Miro(1:03:44) The “three horizons” framework(1:04:30) The importance of accountability(1:10:46) How Miro got their first 1,000 users(1:12:33) Other growth levers at Miro(1:15:53) Adding a sales motion(1:18:08) Miro AI, and new updates and enhancements coming soon(1:20:12) Lightning round—Referenced:• Miro: https://miro.com/• Miro Talktrack: https://help.miro.com/hc/en-us/articles/7825622973330-Miro-Talktrack-board-recordings-BETA-• The design sprint: https://www.thesprintbook.com/the-design-sprint• Jake Knapp on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jake-knapp/• Miroverse: https://miro.com/miroverse/• Amp It Up: Leading for Hypergrowth by Raising Expectations, Increasing Urgency, and Elevating Intensity: https://www.amazon.com/Amp-Unlocking-Hypergrowth-Expectations-Intensity/dp/1119836115• Reinforcement learning: https://towardsdatascience.com/reinforcement-learning-101-e24b50e1d292• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Confluence: https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence• Coda: https://coda.io/• Looker: https://www.looker.com/google-cloud/• Productboard: https://www.productboard.com/• Three horizons framework: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/enduring-ideas-the-three-horizons-of-growth• Capterra: https://www.capterra.com/• Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/• Barbra Gago on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/category-creation-and-brand-building-barbra-gago-pando-miro-greenhouse-culture-amp/• FIFA World Cup template: https://miro.com/miroverse/fifa-world-cup-2022-editable-bracket-diagrams/• When Breath Becomes Air: https://www.amazon.com/When-Breath-Becomes-Paul-Kalanithi/dp/081298840X/• Hit Refresh: The Quest to Rediscover Microsoft’s Soul and Imagine a Better Future for Everyone: https://www.amazon.com/Hit-Refresh-Rediscover-Microsofts-Everyone/dp/0062652508/• Ted Lasso on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Sprig—Product insights that drive product success.—Ada Chen Rekhi is an executive coach and co-founder of Notejoy. She helps founders scale themselves alongside their teams. She has over a decade of experience leading teams through periods of rapid transition, from the chaos of founding early-stage startups to leadership roles in growing SurveyMonkey and LinkedIn. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• How utilizing a “curiosity loop” can aid you in decision-making• A values exercise that can help determine if your life choices align with your personal values• Ada’s “explore and exploit” framework for making the most of your job opportunities• The advantages of seeking an executive coach and useful tips on finding one• Tips for women navigating working in Silicon Valley• Why it’s so important to provide constructive feedback—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-make-better-decisions-and—Where to find Ada Chen Rekhi:• Website: https://www.adachen.com/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/adachen• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adachen/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ada’s background(03:17) What a curiosity loop is and when to use one(11:39) Using curiosity loops in your personal life(14:13) How curiosity loops are like customer advisory councils(16:30) A values exercise(25:30) Ada’s “explore and exploit” framework(31:28) When it’s time to leave your job(35:37) Logo collecting and why you should optimize for your values instead(39:30) What triggered Ada to reevaluate her career path(42:10) Why most people don’t actually need a coach(44:59) When coaching is valuable(47:20) How to find the right coach(51:38) Advice for women in Silicon Valley(1:00:08) Eating your vegetables—why you need to power through things you find challenging(1:05:07) Why you should write to crystallize knowledge, rather than for likes(1:06:54) How to successfully build a company with your spouse(1:11:07) Lightning round—Referenced:• SurveyMonkey: https://www.surveymonkey.com/• Values exercise: https://www.adachen.com/build-your-inner-scorecard-a-10-minute-exercise-for-better-decisions/• Clay: https://www.clay.com/• The Dip: A Little Book That Teaches You When to Quit (and When to Stick): https://www.amazon.com/Dip-Little-Book-Teaches-Stick/dp/1591841666/• Research on the coaching industry: https://www.adachen.com/an-in-depth-guide-to-executive-coaching-everything-you-need-to-know-part-1/• The inner scorecard: https://fs.blog/the-inner-scorecard/• How to find a coach: https://www.adachen.com/a-practical-guide-how-to-find-an-executive-coach-part-3/• Radical Candor: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kim-Scott/dp/1250258405/• Kim Malone Scott: https://kimmalonescott.com/• Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: https://a.co/d/6JycbJo• Designing Your Life: https://a.co/d/cS2IqG0• Ted Lasso on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/• Star Trek: Strange New Worlds on Paramount+: https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/star-trek-strange-new-worlds/• Notejoy: https://notejoy.com/• Captio: https://captio.co/• Note to Self: https://notetoselfapp.com/• Arc: https://arc.net/• Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day: https://www.amazon.com/Make-Time-Focus-Matters-Every/dp/0525572422—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | LMNT—Zero-sugar hydration | AssemblyAI—Production-ready AI models to transcribe and understand speech—Laura Modi is the CEO and co-founder of Bobbie, the first woman-owned, organic infant formula in the U.S. Previously, Laura spent over five years at Airbnb, where she served as Director of Hospitality. Before that, she spent over four years at Google in finance and operations. In today’s podcast, we discuss:• Biggest lessons from five years at Airbnb• Lessons about building great culture• The power of naivete• From growth to “slowth”: Why Bobbie prioritized existing customers over growth during the height of the formula shortage• The importance of momentum above all else• Finding work-life balance with the right infrastructure, support, and frameworks• The importance of brand, and how to build a brand• What it takes to win in DTC—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/from-growth-to-slowth-the-making—Where to find Laura Modi:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurahughes6/• Email: Laura@hibobbie.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Note: Lenny is a small angel investor in Bobbie.—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Laura’s background(04:20) What Laura worked on at Airbnb(06:22) The director of hospitality role(07:08) How supporting hosts led to growth at Airbnb(08:28) Lessons from Airbnb around culture and storytelling that impact how Laura runs Bobbie(09:44) How Laura builds a strong culture at Bobbie (11:45) The risk she took in starting her own company(13:41) Advice on taking risks(15:10) What is Bobbie(17:15) The scale of Bobbie(17:55) The infant formula shortage crisis (19:49) How the growth team pivoted to being the “slowth” team(23:23) Lessons from the crisis(25:16) Building a brand(31:12) Branding internally(33:58) The time the FDA shut Bobbie down over labeling(36:45) How Laura balances her busy mom life with being a founder(40:17) The power of naivete (44:03) Why Laura hires optimistic doers(45:56) Growing a DTC company(47:14) How Bobbie leverages content, community, and commerce(49:42) Bobbie’s pie chart of growth(50:43) Emily Oster’s influence (52:40) The importance of momentum and how to create it(54:15) Lightning round—Referenced:• Bobbie: https://www.hibobbie.com/• Davos: https://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2023• MrBeast’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA• Josh Miller on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/competing-with-giants-an-inside-look-at-how-the-browser-company-builds-product-josh-miller-ceo/• Milk Drunk podcast: https://milk-drunk.com/• Emily Oster on Twitter: https://twitter.com/ProfEmilyOster• Cribsheet: https://www.amazon.com/Cribsheet/dp/1788164490• Great by Choice: https://www.amazon.com/Great-Choice-Uncertainty-Thrive-Despite/dp/1847940889• Metabolical: The Lure and the Lies of Processed Food, Nutrition, and Modern Medicine: https://www.amazon.com/Metabolical-Processed-Nutrition-Modern-Medicine/dp/0063027712/• Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable: https://www.amazon.com/Purple-Cow-Transform-Business-Remarkable/dp/014101640X• Expecting Better: https://www.amazon.com/Expecting-Better-Conventional-Pregnancy-Wrong/dp/0143125702• Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity: https://www.amazon.com/Outlive-Longevity-Peter-Attia-MD/dp/0593236599• Bad Sisters on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/bad-sisters• NoseFrida the Snotsucker: https://frida.com/products/nosefrida• Careers at Bobbie: https://www.hibobbie.com/pages/careers—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Public—Invest in stocks, treasuries, crypto, and more | LMNT—Zero-sugar hydration—Shweta Shrivastava is a Senior Product Leader at Waymo, an autonomous driving technology company backed by Alphabet. Prior to joining Waymo, she was the CPO of Nauto, where she also worked on AI-assisted driver tools. Shweta has worked in product for over 15 years in senior roles at several companies, including Amazon and Cisco. In today’s episode, we discuss:• How Waymo builds trust with riders• Product management at Waymo vs software-only products• The state of self-driving technology• The importance of being a disruptor and why large companies need to disrupt more• Underrated product management skills—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/product-lessons-from-waymo-shweta-shrivastava-waymo-amazon-cisco/#transcript—Where to find Shweta Shriva• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shshrivastava/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Shweta’s background(03:47) What Shweta and her team are responsible for at Waymo(05:30) About the autonomous driving vehicle hardware, software, and simulation tools (08:14) Differences in working at Waymo vs. a more traditional software company(11:02) How Waymo builds trust with riders and the difference between driver assist and fully autonomous(13:57) An example of how Waymo builds trust with riders(15:55) The commercial, operational, and system behavior metrics Waymo uses (20:38) What are L5 autonomous vehicles and why Shweta thinks L4 vehicles are good enough(22:53) How to keep investors enthusiastic when it’s a long-term investment(25:24) Building successful teams and successful products(26:39) Determining what you’re not building, especially before product-market-fit(27:49) Why large companies need to disrupt their own models (29:33) The most underrated product management skills(33:07) Tips for getting promoted(35:19) Where is Waymo and how to try it out(36:46) Lightning round—Referenced:• Waymo: https://waymo.com/• Nauto: https://www.nauto.com/• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Disruptive-Mainstream/dp/0062292986• The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Technologies-Management-Innovation/dp/1633691780• Top Gun: Maverick on Amazon Prime: https://www.amazon.com/Top-Gun-Maverick-Tom-Cruise/dp/B0B18G8R9B—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Wealthfront—Make smarter stock investments | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs | Ahrefs—Improve your website’s SEO for free—Nikita Miller is a product leader, angel investor, and advisor. She has built and led product teams at companies ranging from early-stage startups to multinationals, and she is currently SVP of Product Management at The Knot Worldwide. Nikita is passionate about scaling product teams to support high-growth businesses and was a product leader at Trello and Atlassian for five years. In today’s podcast, we cover:• Lessons from building and growing Trello• Nikita’s roles and responsibilities framework• How the PM landscape is changing• Lessons about managing remote teams• Tactics for driving urgency within teams• Why working cross-culturally was such a formative experience—Find the transcript and references at: ⁠https://www.lennyspodcast.com/driving-alignment-and-urgency-within-teams-work-life-balance-and-the-changing-pm-landscape-nikita-miller-the-knot-trello/#transcript—Where to find Nikita Miller:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/nikitadyer• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikitadyer/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Nikita’s background(03:56) How Nikita helped Trello develop enterprise features (09:41) Trello vs. Jira(10:28) Similarities and differences between building for users at The Knot vs. Trello(15:02) Pro tips for Trello users(15:41) Nikita’s roles and responsibilities framework(21:10) Why scrum masters are disappearing and what shifts are happening on teams(21:56) Why every team should have a data scientist embedded in it(23:27) The proper cadence for the rules and responsibilities framework, and problems around execution(25:27) Outcomes and output(28:34) The importance of urgency, and how to cultivate a sense of urgency(29:52) How to determine if your team is moving quickly enough(31:03) Prioritization between big bets and optimizations(31:29) Questions Nikita asks to understand her team’s speed (33:30) Changes in the field of product management(36:42) Advice for people who want to get into product(38:40) Why being a PM is hard, and thoughts on work-life balance(43:03) How to manage remote teams and how to do successful, short, in-person meetups(47:59) The importance of having overlapping work hours and onboarding in person(49:09) The advantages of working in different cultures (52:58) The question Nikita finds most useful(55:07) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com.—Disclosure: I am a Wealthfront client and I have received non-cash compensation for the testimonial in this episode. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Amplitude—Build better products | Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Ahrefs—Improve your website’s SEO for free—Hila Qu is an Executive in Residence at Reforge as well as a renowned growth advisor, angel investor, and published author (her book about growth was named one of the top 10 business books of 2018 in China). Previously, she served as the Director of Growth at GitLab, where she implemented and scaled their PLG motion, and VP of Growth at Acorns, scaling them from 1 million to 5 million users. In today’s episode, we discuss:• The importance of having both a product-led and a sales-led motion for companies of all sizes• A step-by-step process for implementing PLG• Common pitfalls of layering on PLG• How to audit your existing funnel• Conversion, activation, and retention tactics• Structuring your growth organization from day one, and as it scales—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-adding-a-plg—Where to find Hila Qu:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/HilaQu• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hilaqu/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Hila’s background(03:26) The outcome of writing guest posts for Lenny’s Newsletter(05:12) Why companies should have PLG and sales(07:58) What PLG is and why it’s so popular(09:41) Zoom, an example of a PLG company(11:24) Common pitfalls in adding a PLG motion(16:06) The spectrum of when PLG makes sense(20:04) What you need to be successful in a product-led growth strategy(24:52) The first step to adding a PLG motion(30:11) What GitLab does and how the sales funnel and PLG funnel work there(34:07) Mapping out the funnel(35:29) Finding leverage and other next steps(38:24) What an aha moment is and conducting an audit(47:30) Activation and conversion (52:17) Why you should start with activation, and who is doing it well(55:24) Retention, the messy part of the funnel(1:00:34) How Hila made an impact on retention at Acorns(1:03:03) The two buckets of data (1:04:56) Tools for implementing a PLG motion(1:08:47) The importance of data (1:10:20) Tips to get started, and why you need to have good data first(1:12:10) How to do a data audit(1:15:04) Building a PLG team(1:22:40) The core growth squad(1:27:51) Lightning round—Referenced:• Hila’s guest post on Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/five-steps-to-starting-your-plg-motion• Ravi Mehta on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-your-product-strategy-stack-ravi-mehta-tinder-facebook-tripadvisor-outpace/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• GitLab: https://about.gitlab.com/• Lauryn Isford on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/mastering-onboarding-lauryn-isford-head-of-growth-at-airtable/• Acorns: https://signup.acorns.com/• PostHog: https://posthog.com/• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/• Pendo: https://go.pendo.io/• Optimizely: https://www.optimizely.com/• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Clearbit: https://clearbit.com/• ZoomInfo: https://www.zoominfo.com/• Endgame: https://www.endgame.io/• Pocus: https://www.pocus.com/• Pace: https://www.paceapp.com/• Toplyne: https://www.toplyne.io/• Crystal Widjaja on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-scrappily-hire-for-measure-and-unlock-growth-crystal-widjaja-gojek-and-kumu/• Redshift: https://aws.amazon.com/redshift/• The Almanack of Naval Ravikant: A Guide to Wealth and Happiness: https://www.amazon.com/Almanack-Naval-Ravikant-Wealth-Happiness-ebook/dp/B08FF8MTM6• How Women Rise: https://www.amazon.com/How-Women-Rise-Habits-Holding/dp/1847942253/• 硅谷增长黑客实战笔记 (Hila’s best-selling book on growth): https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07BZC8L78?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_ND87BRFMB0CMWBEVB747• The Wandering Earth II: https://wellgousa.com/films/wandering-earth-ii• The Three-Body Problem: https://www.amazon.com/Three-Body-Problem-Cixin-Liu/dp/0765382032• Lululemon yoga pants: https://shop.lululemon.com/c/women-pants/yoga/• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/chat• Someday: https://www.amazon.com/Someday-Alison-McGhee/dp/1416928111—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Amplitude—Build better products | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Ahrefs—Improve your website's SEO for free—Casey Winters is a longtime and legendary advisor and operator. He’s worked with companies like Airbnb, Faire, Canva, Whatnot, Thumbtack, Tinder, and Reddit and until recently was the Chief Product Officer at Eventbrite, where he managed the PM, design, research, and growth marketing teams. Before Eventbrite, he led growth and product teams at Pinterest and Grubhub. In today’s episode, we discuss what Casey calls the “zero interest rate phenomenon” product manager and how to avoid becoming one. He provides valuable insights on thinking outside popular frameworks, shipping products efficiently, and avoiding overreliance on user research. We explore the three types of network effects, how to leverage them, and how to break someone else’s network effect. Finally, Casey shares his contrarian approach to interviewing product managers and his thoughts on the future of PM roles with AI.—Find the full transcript at: Zhttps://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/thinking-beyond-frameworks-casey—Where to find Casey Winters:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/onecaseman• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseywinters/• Blog: https://caseyaccidental.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Casey’s background(03:36) What Casey is up to(05:24) Why the CPO position is frequently short-lived(07:26) What Casey learned in his role as CPO of Eventbrite(10:15) The “zero interest rate phenomenon” product manager(12:17) Advice for thinking outside common frameworks(18:35) When to bring in research(21:16) What Whatnot does(21:59) Casey’s approach to interviewing PMs (23:29) Red flags in interview responses(24:27) The future of product management with AI(27:47) Founder intuition vs. team expertise(33:33) How to influence founders(37:17) Adding the delivery driver app at Grubhub(40:00) Network effects(43:10) Why Zillow is a sticky product(44:05) How Grubhub’s network effect got taken over by DoorDash and Uber Eats(51:47) Don’t underestimate the competition(54:43) SaaS adding marketplace and vice versa(01:02:30) Defining marketplaces(1:03:34) What Substack is nailing(1:05:43) Tips for B2C subscription startups(1:13:15) Lightning round—Referenced:• Casey Winters on Lenny’s Podcast previously: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Whatnot: https://www.whatnot.com/• The 700-calorie breakfast you should eat if you want to live forever, according to futurist Ray Kurzweil: https://www.businessinsider.com/what-ray-kurzweil-eats-to-live-forever-2016-4• The Way of the Gun on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/movie/the-way-of-the-gun-0fc9590c-3f85-48ab-96e9-1da1b9695065• Notion AI: https://www.notion.so/product/ai• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• Founder intuition vs. team expertise vs. customer expertise: https://caseyaccidental.com/founder-intuition-team-expertise/• Erika Warren on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erika-warren/• Alyssa Ravasio (Hipcamp) on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alyssa-ravasio-23114717/• Marketplace supply strategy: comprehensive, exclusive, or curated: https://a16z.com/2021/03/31/marketplace-supply-strategy/• Nassim Taleb on Twitter: https://twitter.com/nntaleb• The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business: https://www.amazon.com/Innovators-Dilemma-Revolutionary-Change-Business/dp/0062060244• OpenTable: https://www.opentable.com/• Booking.com: https://www.booking.com/• Faire: https://www.faire.com/• How to increase your retention: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-increase-your-retention-issue• The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement: https://www.amazon.com/Goal-Process-Ongoing-Improvement/dp/0884271951• Thinking, Fast and Slow: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Fast-Slow-Daniel-Kahneman/dp/0374533555/r• Profit from the Core: A Return to Growth in Turbulent Times: https://www.amazon.com/Profit-Core-Return-Growth-Turbulent/dp/1422131114/• Party Down on Starz: https://www.starz.com/us/en/series/party-down/2011• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Station Eleven on HBO Max: https://www.hbomax.com/series/urn:hbo:series:GYZWoOQ6F9cLDCAEAAABP• Kicking and Screaming on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70052286• Raven by Kelela on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/06uhdSmIYrWRkdnAPjcRcT• Optical Delusion by Orbital on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/2jQbFspnSh7erex6RDKQGJ• Stakes Is High by De La Soul on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/3jlC2uhYNrhikZXLviEnpu—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Coda—Meet the evolution of docs | Rows—The spreadsheet where data comes to life | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs.—Kevin Aluwi is the co-founder and former CEO of Gojek. With over 2.7 million drivers and over 3 billion orders completed, Gojek is the biggest startup in Indonesia and all of Southeast Asia. In today’s podcast, Kevin shares the story of how Gojek overcame endless obstacles—including being underfunded, being unable to send drivers payment, and the local motorcycle mafia coming after their drivers. We cover the importance of brand, the value of doing the hard things, how to be super-scrappy, and helpful tips on building a tech company outside of Silicon Valley.Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/taxi-mafias-cash-vaults-and-100-momWhere to find Kevin Aluwi:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/kaluwi• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaluwi/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Gojek: https://www.gojek.com/en-id/• WeChat: https://www.wechat.com/• Sequoia: https://www.sequoiacap.com/• eFishery: https://efishery.com/en/• What You Do Is Who You Are: How to Create Your Business Culture: https://www.amazon.com/What-You-Do-Who-Are/dp/0062871331• How Brands Grow: What Marketers Don’t Know: https://www.amazon.com/How-Brands-Grow-What-Marketers/dp/0195573560/• The Menu on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/movies/the-menu• Cyberpunk Edgerunners on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81054853• Arc: https://arc.net/• Steam Deck: https://store.steampowered.com/steamdeckIn this episode, we cover:(00:00) Kevin’s background(05:00) How Gojek got started and the current scale(08:35) Some of the services that Gojek currently offers or has offered(09:37) Kevin’s thoughts on super-apps(15:36) The importance of brand(23:08) How to create branding with consistency across copy and design(26:53) Challenges Gojek had in the early days that required scrappiness(33:03) Why Kevin doesn’t believe in moats as a durable solution, and the value of doing hard things(37:30) How Gojek hired private security to keep their drivers safe(39:38) The value of founders doing and understanding multiple roles within the company(44:12) How Kevin’s failed finance career led him to take a bet on building tech in Indonesia(47:30) Tips on building a tech company outside of Silicon Valley (52:09) What the market is like in Indonesia (55:42) What’s next for Kevin(57:41) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by AssemblyAI—Powerful AI models to transcribe and understand speech | Public—Invest in stocks, treasuries, crypto, and more | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security.—Lulu Cheng Meservey was formerly head of comms at Substack (where I host my newsletter and podcast) and is currently the Executive Vice President of Corporate Affairs and Chief Communications Officer at Activision Blizzard. She also writes one of my favorite newsletters, “Flack,” where she shares tactical advice for company comms, PR, and messaging. In today’s episode, we dive deep into the world of PR and comms. We discuss why taking risks is crucial, how to gain attention as an underdog, and why it’s important to have a super-specific audience. Lulu outlines several frameworks I’d never heard of before, including a concentric circles framework for identifying your audience, the cultural erogenous zones, and even a physics-based framework for comms.Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/navigating-comms-and-pr-lulu-chengWhere to find Lulu Cheng Meservey:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lulumeservey• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lulu-cheng-meservey/• Newsletter: https://www.getflack.com/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• “Binders full of women”: Mitt Romney’s four words that alienated women voters: https://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2012/oct/17/binders-full-of-women-romneys-four-words• Bill Bishop’s newsletter on Substack: https://www.sinocism.com/• Hamish McKenzie on Twitter: https://twitter.com/hamishmckenzie• The Network State: How to Start a New Country: https://www.amazon.com/Network-State-How-Start-Country-ebook/dp/B09VPKZR3G• How to increase virality: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/increasing-virality• Ryan Petersen on Twitter: https://twitter.com/typesfast• Brian Armstrong on Twitter: https://twitter.com/brian_armstrong• Palmer Luckey on Twitter: https://twitter.com/PalmerLuckey• Pirate Wires: https://www.piratewires.com/• NYX: https://www.nyxcosmetics.com/• Gates of Fire: An Epic Novel of the Battle of Thermopylae: https://www.amazon.com/Gates-Fire-Novel-Battle-Thermopylae/dp/055338368X• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Lex: https://lex.page/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Lulu’s background(04:36) What helps an idea spread(06:17) Mitt Romney’s “binders full of women”(07:19) Advice for coming up with contagious phrasing(08:36) Lulu’s esoteric reference that left her Twitter followers confused(11:08) The importance of taking risks, and Lulu’s thread on standing for free speech(12:53) An example of another sticky phrase(14:40) The cultural erogenous zones framework(16:08) How Kamala Harris made people care about education(17:29) How to get attention as the underdog(20:25) How Substack used the concentric circles framework to spread information(21:32) Understanding the layers in those concentric circles(25:44) How to get started figuring out your concentric circles(27:03) An example of aligning messaging with people’s values (28:19) Lulu’s mathematical formula framework for comms for a purpose(28:54) A physics-based framework for comms(35:56) How Balaji Srinivasan used the concentric circles approach with his book The Network State(39:46) The importance of a super-specific audience(41:12) Reasons your comms are failing(42:40) Why you should focus on one direct communication channel at first(46:58) Why not every founder needs to be on Twitter(48:02) Who LinkedIn works better for(49:23) Examples of messaging with a human voice and hopping on trends quickly(51:11) Reasons for direct comms (53:52) How to get started setting up a direct channel(56:09) Why consistent, good content is better than trying to go viral(59:28) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Writer—Generative AI for the enterprise | Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision | Linear—The new standard for modern software development—Josh Miller is the CEO and co-founder of The Browser Company, where he helped build Arc, my go-to web browser. In today’s episode, we get an inside look at the unique structure and values of The Browser Company and how their company culture has helped them land some of the best talent in tech. Josh shares ways that his company embraces experimentation, including their “optimizing for feelings” approach to building, and explains why extreme transparency is at the forefront of everything they do.Special invite link to skip the waitlist: https://arc.net/gift/lennyFind the full transcript at: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/competing-with-giants-an-inside-look-at-how-the-browser-company-builds-product-josh-miller-ceo/#transcriptWhere to find Josh Miller:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/joshm• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-miller-b31259106/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Early access to Arc: https://arc.net/gift/lenny• The Browser Company: https://thebrowser.company/• Arc: https://arc.net/• Hursh Agrawal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hurshagrawal/• Hacker News: https://news.ycombinator.com/• Scott Belsky on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/scottbelsky/• Notes on Roadtrips: https://thebrowser.company/values/• Shahed Khan on Twitter: https://twitter.com/_shahedk• Paper by FiftyThree:  https://www.hellobrio.com/blog/digital-drawing-paper-fiftythree• Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/• Peter Vidani on Twitter: https://twitter.com/pter• The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/• Ellis Hamburger on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ellishamburger/• Airbnb’s Snow White project: https://uxdesign.cc/how-airbnb-proved-that-storytelling-is-the-most-important-skill-in-design-15d04ac71039• General Magic: https://www.generalmagicthemovie.com/• Linear: https://linear.app/• Raycast: https://www.raycast.com/• Cron: https://cron.com/• Thrive Capital: https://thrivecap.com/• Tuple: https://tuple.app/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Harold and the Purple Crayon: https://www.amazon.com/Harold-Purple-Crayon-Crockett-Johnson/dp/0062086529• Seeing Is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees: https://www.amazon.com/Seeing-Forgetting-Name-Thing-Sees/dp/0520256093/• God Save Texas: A Journey into the Soul of the Lone Star State: https://www.amazon.com/God-Save-Texas-Journey-State/dp/0525520104• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Adam Curtis documentaries on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLStWlBRkr0N_aYjPmbrrjm_rsstpkUBLc• Notion: https://www.notion.so/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Josh’s background(03:56) Arc and the metrics they use to track growth(04:42) Arc’s retention numbers(08:22) Josh’s product-building philosophy and why he believes in optimizing for feelings(18:57) How The Browser Company’s values create a culture that allows them to ship so quickly(22:46) The “Notes on Roadtrips” doc about values(27:48) How Josh is able to hire such amazing talent(37:29) The good and bad of building in public(45:16) Some of the odd teams at The Browser Company and why Josh calls it a prototype-driven culture(46:01) The membership team(48:07) The storytelling team(52:00) Why The Browser Company doesn’t have traditional PMs(54:07) A case for adding PMs(57:32) The role of data, even in a company that optimizes for feelings(58:30) Airbnb’s Snow White project(1:02:14) How impactful moments in Josh’s life influenced values at The Browser Company(1:03:08) How the film General Magic has inspired Josh(1:04:32) The value of novel names(1:06:50) Why The Browser Company’s approach works for Arc(1:12:47) Why you need to nail latency and why Josh loves Tupl(1:14:33) The shift to cloud computing and the ultimate vision at The Browser Company(1:23:15) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life | Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision | Writer—Generative AI for the enterprise—Christina Wodtke is an author, Stanford University professor, and speaker who teaches strategies for building high-performing teams. She’s also the author of Radical Focus, which some consider the de facto guide to OKRs. In today’s episode, we dive into OKRs and how they can be used to help your team achieve better results. Christina shares her expertise on crafting OKRs, how she uses them in her personal life, and common mistakes you should avoid when you sit down to write your own. She discusses effective goal setting and outlines a systematic approach to achieving key results. Finally, Christina gives some specific tips on how to improve your storytelling and drawing skills and explains why it’s smart to set ambitious goals.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-okrs-christinaWhere to find Christina Wodtke:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/cwodtke• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christinawodtke/• Website: https://eleganthack.com/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• OKR worksheet template: http://eleganthack.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/OKR_Worksheet.pdf• Yahoo’s peanut butter memo: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116379821933826657• The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Leadership Fable: https://www.amazon.com/Five-Dysfunctions-Team-Leadership-Fable/dp/0787960756/• Radical Focus: Achieving Your Most Important Goals with Objectives and Key Results: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Focus-Achieving-Important-Objectives/dp/0996006087• Pencil Me In: https://www.amazon.com/Pencil-Me-Christina-Wodtke-ebook/dp/B075Z8J35G?• The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures: https://www.amazon.com/Back-Napkin-Expanded-Problems-Pictures/dp/1591842697/ref=sr_1_1• The Minto Pyramid Principle: https://www.barbaraminto.com/• Lane Shackleton’s guest post on Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-coda-builds-product• The Product Trio by Teresa Torres: https://www.producttalk.org/2021/05/product-trio/• Ken Norton’s website: https://www.bringthedonuts.com/about/• The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth: https://www.amazon.com/Fearless-Organization-Psychological-Workplace-Innovation/dp/1119477247• The Overstory: https://www.amazon.com/Overstory-Novel-Richard-Powers/dp/039335668X/• Cloud Atlas: https://www.amazon.com/Cloud-Atlas-Novel-David-Mitchell/dp/0375507256• Black Panther: Wakanda Forever: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9114286/• The Team That Managed Itself: A Story of Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Team-that-Managed-Itself-Leadership-ebook/dp/B07ZG5Y689In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Christina’s background(04:54) How Christina uses OKRs to manage her personal life(07:42) The purpose of OKRs(16:15) Mission, vision, roadmaps, and OKRs(20:57) How strategy ties in(22:39) Why OKRs should be kept simple, and the ideal way to express key results(23:45) The importance of customer satisfaction and why you need a qualitative researcher(24:58) Common mistakes people make when writing OKRs(26:14) An example of writing OKRs for an online magazine about interior design(29:28) The importance of repetition(33:17) The 5 whys(36:40) Why you should start OKRs with your best multi-disciplinary team(38:44) Christina’s book, Radical Focus(40:26) The importance of storytelling and drawing (even badly!)(43:21) Tips to become a better storyteller(44:29) Using the Minto method for storytelling(46:02) The cadence of OKRs and the importance of celebrations(51:09) A different kind of approval process to get OKRs done more efficiently(53:01) Why the focus on learning is more important than grading(54:29) Why you should set ambitious goals(57:47) Where to start(1:00:48) The overemphasis of UX in product management education and the importance of business sense(1:03:01) Advice for people seeking a career in product management(1:05:44) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security | Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision | LMNT—Zero-sugar hydration—Aarthi Ramamurthy and Sriram Krishnan are founders, angel investors, and product leaders who host the podcast Aarthi and Sriram’s Good Time Show. They have both held leadership roles at major technology companies including Meta, Twitter, Snap, Microsoft, and Netflix. In today’s episode, we dive into how and why to build your personal brand, how to deal with impostor syndrome, and stories from Aarthi’s time at Clubhouse and Sriram’s time working with Zuck. Aarthi and Sriram share their lessons from past failures, their experience building communities, and their techno-optimism, and Sriram offers his hot take on the Jobs to Be Done framework.Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/hot-takes-and-optimism-from-techsWhere to find Sriram Krishnan and Aarthi Ramamurthy:• Aarthi’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/aarthir• Sriram’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/sriramk• Good Time Show Twitter: https://twitter.com/aarthisrirampod• Good Time Show website: https://www.aarthiandsriram.com/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Naval Ravikant on Twitter: https://twitter.com/naval• Marc Andreessen on Twitter: https://twitter.com/pmarca• Clubhouse: https://www.clubhouse.com/• Eugene Wei’s Status as a Service: https://www.eugenewei.com/blog/2019/2/19/status-as-a-service• Kylie Jenner on Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/kyliejenner• The Rock on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/therock/• Cristiano Ronaldo on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/cristiano• Charli D’Amelio on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@charlidamelio• Addison Rae on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@addisonre• The founder of TikTok’s speech: https://ludlow.notion.site/Alex-Zhu-TikTok-4631f80fdcc4423a845e145e807d8e2b• Naval’s network tweet: https://twitter.com/naval/status/847134295600746496?lang=en• Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/• How Duolingo reignited user growth: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-duolingo-reignited-user-growth• Hunter Walk on impostor syndrome: https://hunterwalk.com/2023/03/01/imposter-syndrome-is-definitely-misnamed-might-be-a-condition-of-privilege-has-a-fascinating-history/• On Reviews: https://boz.com/articles/reviews• Jobs to Be Done framework: https://jobs-to-be-done.com/jobs-to-be-done-a-framework-for-customer-needs-c883cbf61c90• First-principles thinking: https://fs.blog/first-principles/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Sriram and Aarthi’s backgrounds(04:16) How Sriram and Aarthi got Elon Musk on their podcast(08:47) Reflections on Clubhouse and other social networks(14:14) Why Aarthi and Sriram are optimistic about tech(25:53) Why you should put yourself out there and build your personal brand(27:09) Why you should build a network with authentic relationships, and how to do it(28:56) Sriram’s curated communities(31:20) What you need to get right when starting a community(38:35) Why everyone who wants to should create content(44:22) Why you shouldn’t try to project expertise when you’re still learning(47:54) Dealing with impostor syndrome, and why you should lean into your strengths(54:01) Transitioning to a role of authority(57:30) What Sriram learned about effective management from Mark Zuckerberg(1:01:20) The biggest failure Aarthi had, and why you shouldn’t fall for fads(1:02:08) Sriram’s lesson from building mobile(1:09:21) Why Sriram hates the Jobs to Be Done framework(1:18:06) Advice for immigrantsProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Public—Invest in stocks, treasuries, crypto, and more | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments | Writer—Generative AI for the enterprise—Laura Schaffer is the brand-new VP of Growth at Amplitude. Prior to this role, she spent over 10 years leading product management and growth teams at Twilio, Bandwidth, and Rapid. In today’s episode, we talk about the role of experimentation and data in growth, and Laura shares stories of big wins from her time leading growth teams. She explains how customer insights helped her uplevel her career and how she (surprisingly) thinks about qualitative versus quantitative data. We wrap up our conversation by discussing where the best ideas come from and what you need to know if you’re selling to developers.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/career-frameworks-ab-testing-counterintuitiveWhere to find Laura Schaffer:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lauraschaffer/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/• Bandwidth: https://www.bandwidth.com/• Twilio: https://ahoy.twilio.com/• Jeff Lawson on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffiel/• The Surprising Power of Online Experiments: https://hbr.org/2017/09/the-surprising-power-of-online-experiments• Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/• Online Experimentation at Microsoft: https://ai.stanford.edu/~ronnyk/ExPThinkWeek2009Public.pdf• The Simple Path to Wealth: Your Road Map to Financial Independence and a Rich, Free Life: https://www.amazon.com/Simple-Path-Wealth-financial-independence/dp/1533667926• Atomic Habits: An Easy & Proven Way to Build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones: https://www.amazon.com/Atomic-Habits-Proven-Build-Break/dp/0735211299/• James Clear on The Tim Ferriss Show: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/648-james-clear-atomic-habits-simple-strategies-for/id863897795?i=1000592431628• The Great British Baking Show on PBS: https://www.pbs.org/food/shows/great-british-baking-show/• Hotjar: https://www.hotjar.com/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Builder: https://www.builder.io/• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/• Lenny Bot: https://www.lennybot.com/• Segment: https://segment.com/• Senior Growth PM, Monetization, at Amplitude: https://boards.greenhouse.io/amplitude/jobs/6636704002• Lead Growth PM at Builder: https://boards.greenhouse.io/builder/jobs/4814755004?gh_src=30cfda2d4us• Growth PM at Rapid: https://jobs.lever.co/rapidapi/8d2611d1-6463-4919-9817-31f61e730831In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Laura’s background(04:15) How to carve your own career path, and an example from Bandwidth(05:50) Laura’s career growth framework(10:18) The value of customer insights(12:25) The “voice of the customer” report(16:14) Leaning into your strengths(18:16) The experiment that shifted the way Laura thinks about friction(20:20) Questions that improved Twilio’s onboarding and conversion rate(28:53) Thinking about the psyche of your users(31:26) The hot dog analogy for burying “scary stuff”(33:58) Why it’s better to be iterative and why experiments fail(36:21) Saving money by validating fast(41:58) Where the best ideas come from(49:51) Experimentation lessons(52:54) The amount of time a growth team needs to be successful (54:43) The big change at Twilio that led to tens of millions of dollars(58:41) The need for both PLG and enterprise, and how Amplitude plans to tap into PLG(1:05:42) What it’s like to serve developers(1:11:16) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Linear—The new standard for modern software development | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security. | Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision.—Claire Hughes Johnson is the former COO at Stripe, which she helped scale from a small startup to the legendary company it is today. She also spent close to 10 years at Google, where she filled several executive roles, including VP of Global Online Sales and Director of Sales and Ops for Gmail, YouTube, Google Apps, and AdWords. Claire shares invaluable insights from her upcoming book, Scaling People, on how to successfully build and scale organizations. We talk about the importance of building self-awareness, and Claire gives tons of tactical advice on how to say things that are hard to say, as well as how to improve your internal communications, and so much more.Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-scaling-stripe-tacticsWhere to find Claire Hughes Johnson:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/chughesjohnson• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/claire-hughes-johnson-7058/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212• John Collison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnbcollison/• Patrick Collison on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickcollison/• Discord: https://discord.com/• Toast: https://pos.toasttab.com/• High Growth Handbook: Scaling Startups from 10 to 10,000 People: https://www.amazon.com/High-Growth-Handbook-Elad-Gil/dp/1732265100• Myers-Briggs personality types: https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/• Enneagram types: https://www.enneagraminstitute.com/type-descriptions• Disc assessment: https://www.discprofile.com/what-is-disc• Conscious Business: How to Build Value through Values: https://www.amazon.com/Conscious-Business-Build-through-Values/dp/1622032020/• Reid Hoffman on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/reidhoffman/• Eeke de Milliano on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-foster-innovation-and-big-thinking-eeke-de-milliano-retool-stripe/• Running an effective meeting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIiaFW874q8• Gokul’s S.P.A.D.E. framework: https://coda.io/@gokulrajaram/gokuls-spade-toolkitIn this episode, we cover:(00:00) Claire’s background(04:47) How writing Scaling People helped Claire crystallize learnings(07:58) How she got started writing her book(11:11) Advice that changed the way she operates(15:18) The lack of job titles at Stripe(19:01) Scaling your organizational structure(23:46) What founders need to think about in the early days(26:38) Personal operating principles(29:04) How to crystallize your own values to gain self-awareness(34:29) Advice for saying uncomfortable things(37:12) Being an explorer, not a lecturer(43:57) Come back to the operating system(47:17) Organizational structure using Claire’s house metaphor(50:50) Why some chaos is normal(52:45) Founding documents you need(58:30) The components of a company’s operating system (1:01:31) Finding the right cadence(1:04:48) COOs and which types of businesses need them(1:11:30) Advice on scaling quickly(1:13:56) The importance of internal communications(1:16:03) Running effective meetings(1:17:17) Advice for aligning and making decisions as a managerProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Linear—The new standard for modern software development. | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments. | Pando—Always-on employee progression.—Gustaf Alströmer is a Group Partner at Y Combinator, where he’s worked with over 600 startups in his 6.5 years there. He’s also a fellow Airbnb alumnus and even started the original Airbnb growth team. In today’s podcast, Gustaf discusses common reasons startups fail and how he helps coach founders on avoiding these mistakes. He explains the attributes that the best founders tend to have, and signs that a company has potential. We also cover the growing space of climate tech, for which Gustaf has a huge passion and where he’s already had an incredible impact. He shares some key areas of innovation and investment in climate tech, some notable companies he’s helped fund, and where he sees potential going forward.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-working-with-600-ycWhere to find Gustaf Alströmer:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/gustaf• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gustafalstromer/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Airbnb tweet: https://twitter.com/gustaf/status/1580330162725347330• Startups Are an Act of Desperation: https://blog.eladgil.com/p/startups-are-an-act-of-desperation• The 18 Mistakes That Kill Startups: http://www.paulgraham.com/startupmistakes.html• Do Things That Don’t Scale: http://paulgraham.com/ds.html• Marc Andreessen: https://a16z.com/author/marc-andreessen/• How to Talk to Users: https://youtu.be/z1iF1c8w5Lg• How to Get Your First Customers: https://youtu.be/hyYCn_kAngI• Pachama: https://pachama.com/• Request for Startups: Climate Tech: https://www.ycombinator.com/blog/rfs-climatetech• Climate Draft: https://www.climatedraft.org/• Seabound: https://www.seabound.co/• Fleetzero: https://www.fleetzero.com/• Unravel Carbon: https://www.unravelcarbon.com/• CarbonChain: https://www.carbonchain.com/• Sinai: https://www.sinaitechnologies.com/• Enode: https://enode.com/• Statiq: https://www.statiq.in/• Heart Aerospace: https://heartaerospace.com/• The 100% Solution: A Plan for Solving Climate Change: https://www.amazon.com/100-Solution-Solving-Climate-Change/dp/1612198384• Without a Doubt: How to Go from Underrated to Unbeatable: https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1982147903?tag=simonsayscom• Emily in Paris on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81037371• Everything Everywhere All at Once on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/titles/3493875/everything-everywhere-all-at-once• How to Apply and Succeed at Y Combinator, by Dalton Caldwell: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yiOcCPvyNE• Y Combinator on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/ycombinatorIn this episode, we cover:(00:00) Gustaf’s background(04:15) What made Airbnb so special(07:21) How culture interviews and hiring founders contributed to Airbnb’s success(10:31) Motivations for starting companies(13:17) Why Gustaf helps founders understand their motivations(14:13) Reasons you should not start a company(16:03) The magic that happens at YC office hours(20:45) Why founders in coworking spaces should schedule time to talk (21:36) Questions Gustaf asks founders(22:26) Common reasons startups fail(26:23) Getting over the fear of rejection (27:57) The importance of solving for pain points and why you should watch users(34:21) The value of having a technical co-founder(37:42) How founders without technical expertise have succeeded(40:46) Attributes of the most successful founders(44:57) Why it’s hard to predict success and how YC advises against failures(46:59) Indications of potential for success(50:03) Speed vs. quality(51:11) Confidence vs. humility(52:48) Execution and tactics vs. strategy(54:36) Autocratic vs. collaborative-driven founders(56:27) Why you should focus on product first(59:03) The economic incentive for investing in climate tech(1:02:16) The clean-tech bubble of 2008(1:04:59) Why you don’t need to be super-scientific to work in climate tech(1:06:51) Areas of climate tech and promising companies(1:12:27) What’s going well in the climate-change space(1:16:49) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs: https://coda.io/lenny | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Annie Pearl is the Chief Product Officer at Calendly. Previously, she was Chief Product Officer at Glassdoor, as well as Director of Product Management at Box. She was named one of the most influential women in Bay Area business by the San Francisco Business Times. In today’s episode, Annie shares three paths into product management and advice on how to get your foot in the door. She also gives us an inside look at how Calendly’s product teams are structured, how they transitioned from solely PLG to adding a sales team and unlocking new growth levers, how they do planning, and much more.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/behind-the-scenes-of-calendlys-rapidWhere to find Annie Pearl:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anniepearl/• Email: Annie.Pearl@calendly.comWhere to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• How to send a calendar invite with Calendly: https://calendly.com/blog/how-to-send-a-calendar-invite• Google’s APM program: https://careers.google.com/programs/apm/• The 15 Best Associate and Rotational Product Manager Programs: https://medium.com/agileinsider/product-management-digest-apm-3c2631683139• Playing to Win: How Strategy Really Works: https://www.amazon.com/Playing-Win-Strategy-Really-Works/dp/142218739X/• Confluence: https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence• Aha: https://www.aha.io/• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/• Loom: https://www.loom.com/• Jira: https://www.atlassian.com/software/jira• Pendo: https://go.pendo.io/• Tope Awotona on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bawotona/• The Skip podcast: https://www.skip.community/• Skip Community on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/skip-community-for-cpos/• Nikhyl Singhal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikhyl/• Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap and Others Don’t: https://www.amazon.com/Good-Great-Some-Companies-Others/dp/0066620996• Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products: https://www.amazon.com/Hooked-How-Build-Habit-Forming-Products/dp/0241184835/• 20VC podcast: https://www.thetwentyminutevc.com/• Sing 2 on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81475311• Miro: https://miro.com/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Annie’s background(03:50) How to send a Calendly invite without feeling awkward(06:04) How to transition to product work from a non-technical career(09:53) APM programs(10:52) The characteristics of internal-transfer PMs(13:26) How Calendly structures product teams (14:57) Why Annie hired a Head of Design(16:58) How Calendly structures product teams(19:07) OKRs at Calendly(21:02) Changes made at Calendly to improve execution and shipping(22:45) The challenges with narrowing Calendly’s customer base and adding sales (25:21) Where 70% of new Calendly users come from(26:17) The transition from PLG to sales(29:23) How to build a great relationship with your sales team(31:52) Planning and prioritization at Calendly(38:14) Strategy documents at Calendly(39:39) Calendly’s product stack(40:21) How Calendly got their first 1,000 users (43:36) The surprising new growth levers at Calendly(46:05) Fun traditions(48:43) “Focus wisely” and other aspects of Calendly’s culture(52:07) Learnings from Box and Glassdoor(54:57) The Skip Community(58:10) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Amplitude—Build better products: https://amplitude.com/ | OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster: https://oneschema.co/lenny | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Upasna Gautam is a product manager at CNN Digital, where she works closely with editorial staff and journalists to build their internal content management system. She is also a longtime meditation coach and a board member of the News Product Alliance. In today’s episode, we delve into how product teams are structured and operate at CNN, how CNN uses OKRs and roadmaps, and the unique challenges and opportunities in designing a digital product for journalists. Upasna also shares a story about her team’s product saving the day during the 2020 elections and gives listeners a free mini lesson on meditation.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/an-inside-look-at-how-cnn-builds-product-upasna-gautam/#transcriptWhere to find Upasna Gautam:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/UpasnaGautam• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/upasnagautam/• Website: https://linktr.ee/upasnagautamWhere to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Insight Timer: https://insighttimer.com/• News Product Alliance: https://newsproduct.org/• Mindfulness in Plain English: https://www.amazon.com/Mindfulness-English-Bhante-Henepola-Gunaratana/dp/0861719069• How to Win Friends & Influence People: https://www.amazon.com/How-Win-Friends-Influence-People/dp/0671027034/• The New Product Development Game: https://hbr.org/1986/01/the-new-new-product-development-game• The Mandalorian on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/series/the-mandalorian/3jLIGMDYINqD• Ted Lasso on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/umc.cmc.vtoh0mn0xn7t3c643xqonfzy• Everything Everywhere All at Once on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/titles/3493875/everything-everywhere-all-at-once• Andor on Disney+: https://disneyplusoriginals.disney.com/show/andorIn this episode, we cover:(00:00) Upasna’s background(03:13) How Upasna’s meditation background helps her thrive in the chaotic world of product at CNN(08:55) How PMs at CNN build in buffer time and create backup plans when breaking news hits (10:26) How the product team works with editorial staff and journalists at CNN(15:22) The product org structure at CNN Digital (19:02) OKRs at CNN(20:10) How CNN’s product teams do long-term planning(21:37) Why Upasna involves the tech lead in all product discovery/product review meetings(23:51) How to boost morale with remote teams(27:39) Balancing maintenance with building new stuff(29:21) The time CNN.com went down in 2020 and the new platform saved the day(31:21) How the product team rehearses breaking news(34:22) The superpowers Upasna and her team have cultivated(35:50) Why meditation and honing your communication skills help you excel as a PM(42:01) How to get started on the path of meditation(44:39) The work News Product Alliance is doing and how to get involved(51:54) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny | Amplitude—Build better products: https://amplitude.com/ | Dovetail—Bring your customer into every decision: https://dovetailapp.com/lenny—Patrick Campbell is the founder and CEO of ProfitWell, which he bootstrapped and sold for over $200 million. In this special episode, we explore 10 big ideas from Patrick, including tips for hiring employees who align with your company values, creating winning pricing and retention strategies, determining the right time to raise money, and more. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to scale your SaaS business, this must-listen episode offers practical and actionable advice that will help you avoid missteps and think differently.Find the transcript for this episode and all past episodes at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/10-lessons-from-bootstrapping-a-200mWhere to find Patrick Campbell:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/Patticus• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrickccampbell/• Email: pc@patticus.comWhere to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Douglas Atkin on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/doatkin/• Patrick Campbell’s guest post on Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/saas-pricing-strategy/comments• ProfitWell: https://www.profitwell.com/• The Cadence: How to Operate a SaaS Startup: https://medium.com/craft-ventures/the-cadence-how-to-operate-a-saas-startup-436aa8099e8• Edward Snowden on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Snowden• The Flywheel: https://www.hubspot.com/flywheel• High Output Management: https://www.amazon.com/High-Output-Management-Andrew-Grove/dp/0679762884• Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don’t Have All the Facts: https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Bets-Making-Smarter-Decisions/dp/0735216355• Powerful: https://www.amazon.com/Powerful/dp/1939714206/r• The West Wing on HBOMax: https://www.hbomax.com/series/urn:hbo:series:GX5nwgQDNJZ6aoQEAAAHJ• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Descript: https://www.descript.com/• Coda: https://coda.io/• KTool: https://ktool.io/• Tweet Hunter: https://tweethunter.io/• Apple Watch Ultra: https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-ultra/• Loom: https://www.loom.com/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Patrick’s background(05:12) Building a team(07:38) How ProfitWell handled a conflict using their guiding principle, the most charitable interpretation(10:41) Why new hires need to fit in with the company culture(12:19) The bootstrapping vs. funding debate(13:38) When founders should think about raising funds (18:08) When and how companies should make pricing changes to their products or services(23:46) Strategic retention and tactical retention, and why the latter is often missed (28:48) Why people don’t want to pay for a SaaS analytics tool(29:56) The importance of mission metrics for shipping(34:42) First-principle thinking, the “5 whys,” and Patrick’s alternative approach(40:21) The importance of frequent customer research(43:15) Simple strategies for doing customer research(46:13) Understanding your competitors(51:06) Why veterans make great hires (54:08) Why local strategies are more effective for some companies(59:21) Why the middle of the funnel is the biggest opportunity (1:04:54) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Amplitude—Build better products: https://amplitude.com/ | Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent | Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Christine Itwaru is a longtime product operations leader at Pendo and more recently has taken on the larger role of Principal Strategist there. Before leading product ops, Christine spent 12 years in product management. In this episode, we delve into the rapidly growing field of product ops and discover how Christine is part of shaping the role industry-wide. She helps us define the role of product operations, what kind of person would be a good fit for the product ops role, when your company would benefit from product ops, and what red flags to look for if you decide to go down this path. Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/understanding-the-role-of-product-ops-christine-itwaru-pendo/#transcriptWhere to find Christine Itwaru:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/christineitwaru• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/christineitwaru/• Website: https://theproductheart.com/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Ben Williams on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.podpage.com/lennys-podcast/how-snyk-built-a-product-led-growth-juggernaut-ben-williams-vp-of-product-at-snyk/• Pendo: https://go.pendo.io/• Marty Cagan on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• Looker: https://www.looker.com/• Tray: https://tray.io/• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• Zendesk: https://www.zendesk.com/• Casey Winters on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Customers/dp/1119387507/• Leaders Eat Last: Why Some Teams Pull Together and Others Don’t: https://www.amazon.com/Leaders-Eat-Last-Together-Others/dp/1591848016/• The Product-Led Organization: Drive Growth by Putting Product at the Center of Your Customer Experience: https://www.amazon.com/Product-Led-Organization-Putting-Customer-Experience/dp/1119660874• Product Roadmaps Relaunched: How to Set Direction while Embracing Uncertainty: https://www.amazon.com/Product-Roadmaps-Relaunched-Direction-Uncertainty/dp/149197172X/• The Product Experience podcast: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/the-product-experience/• Matilda the Musical: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3447590/• Rise on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/rise/6Yv1uRnw2uAJ• Miro: https://miro.com/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Seismic: https://seismic.com/• Gong: https://www.gong.io/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Christine’s background(02:34) How working with Ben Williams led Christine to Lenny’s Podcast(05:02) The role of product ops in product management(07:31) How 2019 became “the summer of product ops”(11:19) The different ways product ops can assist product teams(15:50) How Pendo used product ops to bring teams together and share data(18:15) Where user research fits in (22:39) How product ops are being utilized—and not exclusively in B2B companies(24:47) How to convince a product leader that you need product ops(27:41) Why customer experience is the core of a PM’s role(29:47) Who is doing the work of the product ops person before that role is created(31:37) Christine’s response to Casey Winters’s take on ops teams(37:40) Signs your company could benefit from a product ops team(30:56) How a lack of transparency led to Pendo adding product ops(46:11) The line between product ops and product marketing(47:30) Who might be a good fit for a product ops role(53:39) Red flags for product ops roles (that apply to any role) (54:08) How product teams are structured at Pendo(57:18) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Public—Invest in stocks, treasuries, crypto, and more: https://public.com/lenny | Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments: https://www.geteppo.com/—Lauryn Isford is a product growth leader and practitioner, who most recently led Growth at Airtable, and is about to start something new 🤫. In today’s episode, we get into the many tactics Lauryn has learned about optimizing onboarding flows. Lauryn describes how overhauling Airtable’s onboarding led to a 20% increase in activation rate, the company’s unique segmentation process, and why North Star metrics are so vital. Lauryn also shares her framework for a PLG growth funnel, and how to use a reverse trial to leverage the benefits of both freemium products and trials. If you’re looking to find growth opportunities within your funnel, this episode is for you.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/mastering-onboarding-lauryn-isfordWhere to find Lauryn Isford:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/laurynisford• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laurynisford/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days: https://www.amazon.com/Sprint-Solve-Problems-Test-Ideas/dp/1442397683• Blue Bottle coffee: https://bluebottlecoffee.com/• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/• How to determine your activation metric: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-determine-your-activation• Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/• The Ride of a Lifetime: Lessons Learned from 15 Years as CEO of the Walt Disney Company: https://www.amazon.com/Ride-Lifetime-Lessons-Learned-Company/dp/0399592091/• Rocket Men: The Daring Odyssey of Apollo 8 and the Astronauts Who Made Man’s First Journey to the Moon: https://www.amazon.com/Rocket-Men-Odyssey-Astronauts-Journey/dp/081298871X• Fifth & Mission podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fifth-mission/id1457274965• The White Lotus on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-white-lotus• Belfast: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12789558/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Miro: https://miro.com/• Zoelle Egner on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/what-pr-is-and-isnt-good-for-according-to-zoelle-egner-head-of-marketing-and-growth-at-box/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Lauryn’s background(03:48) Lauryn’s spicy take on experimentation(06:44) Why doing the right thing for customers should be the ultimate goal(08:54) How Airtable rolled out Airtable Forms with A/B testing(11:38) The importance of onboarding(13:15) Airtable’s onboarding revamp and how it increased activation by 20%(16:57) How Airtable’s guided onboarding wizard improved the user experience(18:00) Why reducing reliance on tooltips can be a good idea for complicated products(20:06) The importance of meeting users where they are(22:52) How Airtable segmented users by learning styles(24:10) Airtable’s activation metrics(27:22) How the week-four multi-user collaboration metric was operationalized(30:45) Other metrics Airtable used(34:34) When Airtable changed their North Star metric (36:26) How much time to give a North Star metric before pivoting(38:05) Trials vs. freemium and what a reverse trial is(42:51) How to have self-serve options when you’re not fully self-serve(46:04) Onboarding experiences that aren’t very helpful(47:31) How to help users understand features(48:42) Why user education is more important than pushing premium features(50:03) The role of guardrail metrics (51:40) Lauryn’s PLG growth funnel framework(54:26) How Lauryn’s framework helps teams communicate more clearly(55:57) How Lauryn structured the growth team(57:53) B2B growth as an emerging space (1:00:18) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster: https://oneschema.co/lenny | Amplitude—Build better products: https://amplitude.com/ | Coda—Meet the evolution of docs: https://coda.io/lenny—Keith Yandell started at DoorDash as Chief Legal Officer and during his tenure has also led the HR, Customer Support, Marketing, and now Corporate Development teams. In today’s episode, we talk about leadership, and how to lead with empathy. We dig into DoorDash’s unique culture and touch on the WeDash program, which requires every employee to complete four deliveries a year in order to better understand the customer experience. Keith shares his “How to Work with Keith” document and discusses the importance of openness in the workplace. He also gives some tips for founders on hiring, engaging with legal, and how to make big decisions when teams are competing for resources.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/leading-with-empathy-keith-yandell-doordash-uber/#transcriptWhere to find Keith Yandell:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/kdyandell• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/keith-yandell-2a947432/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Gokul Rajaram on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gokul-rajaram-on-designing-your-product-development-process-when-and-how-to-hire-your-first-pm-a-playbook-for-hiring-leaders-getting-ahead-in-you-career-how-to-get-started-angel-investing-more/• Ryan Sokol on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryan-sokol-00b2333/• Tony Xu on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/xutony/• About WeDash: https://doordash.news/culture/wedash-doordash-employee-program-how-does-it-work/•  Range: Why Generalists Triumph in a Specialized World: https://www.amazon.com/Range-Generalists-Triumph-Specialized-World/dp/0735214484•  How to be successful working with Keith doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/12yTpBZFab6SPAruSpSD6CB_qLOu5L8kpQ4CCmX9pDx4/edit?mode=html• Kofi Amoo-Gottfried on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kofi-amoo-gottfried-3802bb3/• Tia Sherringham on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiasherringham/• Amp It Up: Leading for Hypergrowth by Raising Expectations, Increasing Urgency, and Elevating Intensity: https://www.amazon.com/Amp-Unlocking-Hypergrowth-Expectations-Intensity/dp/1119836115• Ted Lasso’s quote on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TedLasso/status/1426932132417576967• Rajat Shroff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rajatshroff/• Micah Moreau on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/micahmoreau/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Keith’s background(03:41) The time Keith asked a potential hire if he was an a*****e(06:39) DoorDash culture(08:40) The WeDash program(13:16) How Keith was able to lead so many different teams at DoorDash(16:08) Hiring the best experts and then getting out of their way(18:21) The “How to Work with Keith” document(21:52) How and why Keith helps his employees land new jobs(27:22) How he leverages empathy to unify board members(29:26) The importance of assigning a decision maker and a time horizon for the decision(31:15) One-on-ones with Keith, and the T3 B3 framework from Uber(33:12) How to encourage constructive criticism from employees(34:49) What it’s like to lead in tough times and why it can actually make your org stronger(37:42) How creating urgency compounds gains(39:11) IPO day at DoorDash(40:20) The characteristics of top founders(41:33) How the pandemic impacted DoorDash(44:40) Advice for new parents that is applicable in business (45:24) The difficulty of gaining funding(46:58) Advice for founders struggling with fundraising(48:02) How Keith developed a strong relationship with the VP of Product and Design(50:27) Building an effective BD team within a product company(52:36) How to engage with legal teamsProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Amplitude—Build better products: https://amplitude.com/ | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments: https://www.geteppo.com/ | Pando—Always-on employee progression: https://www.pando.com/lenny—Marily is a computer scientist and an AI Product Leader currently working for Meta’s reality labs, and previously at Google for 8 years. In 2014 she completed a PhD in Machine Learning. She is also an Executive Fellow at Harvard Business School and she has taught numerous courses, actively teaching AI Product Management on Maven and at Harvard. Marily joins us in today's episode to shed light on the role of AI in product management. She shares her insights on how AI is empowering her work, and why she believes that every Product Manager will be an AI Product Manager in the future. We also discuss why PM’s should learn a bit of coding, where they can learn it, and best practices for working with data scientists. Marily shares some insight into building her AI Product Management course and also why she full-heartedly believes you should also create your own course.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/ai-and-product-management-marily-nika-meta-google/#transcriptWhere to find Marily Nika:• Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/marilynika• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marilynika/• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/MarilyNikaPM• Website: https://bio.link/marilynikaWhere to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• The Download newsletter: https://www.technologyreview.com/topic/download-newsletter/• TLDR newsletter: https://tldr.tech/• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/auth/login• MidJourney: https://midjourney.com/home/• Whisper: https://whisper.ai/• Machine Learning Specialization course: https://www.coursera.org/specializations/machine-learning-introduction• Career Foundry: https://careerfoundry.com/• Coding Dojo: https://www.codingdojo.com/• Building AI Products—For Current & Aspiring Product Managers course on Maven: https://maven.com/marily-nika/technical-product-management• arXiv: https://arxiv.org/• Marginal Revolution blog: https://marginalrevolution.com/• Automl: https://cloud.google.com/automl• Inspired: How to Create Tech Products Customers Love: https://www.amazon.com/INSPIRED-Create-Tech-Products-Customers/dp/1119387507• You Look Like a Thing and I Love You: How Artificial Intelligence Works and Why It’s Making the World a Weirder Place: https://www.amazon.com/You-Look-Like-Thing-Love/dp/0316525227• The Adventures of Women in Tech Workbook: A Life-Tested Guide to Building Your Career: https://www.amazon.com/Adventures-Women-Tech-Workbook/dp/1646871022• Boz to the Future podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/boz-to-the-future/id1574002430• The White Lotus on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-white-lotus• Lensa: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/lensa-ai-photo-video-editor/id1436732536In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Marily’s background(03:20) How Marily stays informed about the latest developments in AI(04:46) What is overhyped and underhyped in AI right now(05:59) How Marily uses ChatGPT for work(08:25) Why product managers will be AI product managers in the future(11:16) How to get started using AI(14:12) When not to use AI(15:47) How much data do you need for AI to work properly?(17:01) When should companies develop their own AI tools?(18:35) What an AI model is and how it is trained(21:25) How Google demonstrated the ability of AI to translate a conversation in real time(23:02) Why AI will not replace PMs(23:48) A case for learning to code(26:21) Where to learn to code(27:40) How to become a strong AI PM(29:25) Challenges that AI PMs face(31:16) Getting leadership on board with investing in AI(33:10) How PMs will work with data scientists and AI(35:29) Marily’s AI course(39:12) AutoML and how a renewable-energy company used it to improve its turbine maintenance procedure(40:31) How Marily built her course and the modifications she has made(42:53) Why you should create your own course(44:08) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny | Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod | Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments: https://www.geteppo.com/—Eeke de Milliano is the Head of Product at Retool and a former product lead at Stripe. In this episode, we discuss how any team can become an innovation machine. We talk about how a culture of writing led to a team of rigorous thinkers at Stripe. We cover tactics to breed innovative teams that you can replicate at your own company: From embracing retrospectives to creating systems that give individuals the "permission to think big". Eeke shares her framework for prioritizing resources between core products, strategic initiatives, and big bets, and how it helped Retool launch three new products in a year. She also gives a comprehensive overview of the right level of process for companies of different sizes, and how to build a talent portfolio.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-foster-innovation-and-bigWhere to find Eeke de Milliano:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/eekedm• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/eeke-de-milliano-3b05a629/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Snir Kodesh on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/snirkodesh/• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Stripe’s operating principles: https://stripe.com/jobs/culture• Retool: https://retool.com/• Brian Krausz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bkrausz/• Retool Workflows: https://retool.com/products/workflows/• Retool Mobile: https://retool.com/products/mobile• Retool Database: https://retool.com/products/database• Ian Leslie on “Being Human in the Age of AI”: https://www.econtalk.org/ian-leslie-on-being-human-in-the-age-of-ai/• Claire Hughes Johnson on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/claire-hughes-johnson-7058/• Scaling People: Tactics for Management and Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Scaling-People-Tactics-Management-Building/dp/1953953212• Linear: https://linear.app/• Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life: https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Some-Instructions-Writing-Life/dp/0385480016/• Lex Fridman Podcast: https://lexfridman.com/podcast/• EconTalk: https://www.econlib.org/econtalk/• The White Lotus on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-white-lotus• Gong: https://www.gong.io/product-demo/• FullStory: https://www.fullstory.com/• Rewind: https://www.rewind.ai/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Eeke’s background(03:36) Eeke’s time at Stripe(08:58) Why Stripe didn’t add PMs until hitting around 100 employees(11:03) Why being a PM is not for everyone(12:22) Stripe’s internal culture guide(17:36) Stripe’s operating principles (20:52) Why isn’t every team innovative?(23:21) Retool’s “crazy ideas” list (27:27) How to cultivate a failure-safe space (28:47) Fostering risk-taking and innovation(32:03) The three products Retool launched this year(35:06) How Retool was able to launch several products at once(38:00) The amount of process needed through different stages of growth(45:37) Why you should build products for your “best users”(47:34) Build the scooter, not the axle (why you should make something simple but functional first)(48:37) The 70-20-10 framework for investing resources and time(49:57) Finding time for maintenance and bug fixes(50:59) How Retool’s PMs keep close to customers(53:29) Building product in a sales-led org vs. product-led growth (56:10) The product talent portfolio: how to build diverse, balanced teams(58:43) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by OneSchema—import CSV data 10x faster: https://oneschema.co/lenny; Pando—always-on employee progression: https://www.pando.com/lenny; and Lenny’s Job Board—hire the best product people, find the best product gigs: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent.—Zoelle Egner is best known for her time at Airtable (currently valued at $11 billion), where she was the 11th employee and built and led the initial marketing and customer success teams. Currently she’s the Head of Marketing and Growth at Block Party, a company that designs consumer tools for online safety and anti-harassment. In today’s episode, we explore the marketing strategies that helped Airtable punch above its weight and build an established brand. We also dig into how Airtable was able to find its first super-users, how customer success played a key role in getting early traction, and the do’s and don’ts for marketing investments. Zoelle also shares her experience working for VaccinateCA (which ended up playing a massive role in helping get people vaccinated during the pandemic) and several tips for obtaining valuable customer feedback.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-airtables-unconventionalWhere to find Zoelle Egner:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/zoelle• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/zoelleegner/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Patrick McKenzie on Twitter: https://twitter.com/patio11• The Last of Us on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/• Hacker News: https://news.ycombinator.com/• Block Party app: https://www.blockpartyapp.com/• Kathy Sierra’s book Badass: Making Users Awesome: https://www.amazon.com/Badass-Making-Awesome-Kathy-Sierra/dp/1491919019• Gainsight: https://www.gainsight.com/• Datadog: https://www.datadoghq.com/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Zapier: https://zapier.com/• Computing Taste: Algorithms and the Makers of Music Recommendation: https://www.amazon.com/Computing-Taste-Algorithms-Makers-Recommendation/dp/0226822974• Ancillary Justice: https://www.amazon.com/Ancillary-Justice-Imperial-Radch-Leckie/dp/031624662X/• The Happiness Lab podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-happiness-lab-with-dr-laurie-santos/id1474245040• Gastropod podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gastropod/id918896288• Everything Everywhere All at Once on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/titles/3493875/everything-everywhere-all-at-once• Extraordinary Attorney Woo on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81518991• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Webflow: https://webflow.com/• Clay: https://www.clay.com/• MKT1 Newsletter: https://newsletter.mkt1.co/• Emily Kramer on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-build-a-powerful-marketing-machine-emily-kramer-asana-carta-mkt1/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) How VaccinateCA helped bridge a gap in infrastructure(05:00) Zoelle’s lessons from her time at VaccinateCA(18:04) How Zoelle broke into the tech industry(19:01) Flocking patterns(24:21) What Block Party does(24:32) Zoelle’s storytelling(29:15) Tactics for punching above your weight as a small startup(31:30) The importance of having a highly detail-oriented person on staff(33:33) Why Airtable used billboards(36:43) Growth and marketing strategies at Airtable(42:29) Using data provided by your customers to build features that help future customers(50:59) Why customer success and marketing should be one team(52:56) Things to avoid in marketing(58:04) The power of templates(1:00:58) Why Airtable did not prioritize templates for top-of-funnel revenue (1:02:04) Why just getting PR to “get PR” is not a good strategy(1:04:57) The importance of getting customer feedback and investing in customer success(1:05:51) Simple strategies for getting customer feedback(1:07:53) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brought to you by Pando—Always on employee progression (https://www.pando.com/lenny), Notion—One workspace. Every team (https://www.notion.com/lennyspod), and Lemon.io—A marketplace of vetted software developers (https://lemon.io/lenny).Vijay Iyengar is Head of Product at Mixpanel, and similar to myself, came from an engineering background before transitioning to product. In today’s episode, he explains how Mixpanel has evolved its growth strategy from a fast-paced, feature-focused approach to a more deliberate approach that prioritizes design and user experience. He also shares how Mixpanel irons out customer problems, including implementing internal tools that allow engineering and product teams to respond to customer feedback directly. Additionally, Vijay shares his top SaaS products, books, frameworks, and more. Tune in to gain valuable insights from a seasoned product leader.Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/an-inside-look-at-mixpanels-product-journey-vijay-iyengar-head-of-product/#transcriptWhere to find Vijay Iyengar:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/vijayiyengar• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vijay4/Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/Referenced:• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• “Shape Up: Stop Running in Circles and Ship Work That Matters”: https://basecamp.com/shapeup• The RICE prioritization framework: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/rice-scoring-model/• BigQuery: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery• Census: https://www.getcensus.com/• Zoom: https://zoom.us/• FigJam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• A Data Stack for PLG teams: https://mixpanel.com/blog/data-analytics-product-led-growth/• Product analytics in the modern data stack: https://mixpanel.com/blog/mixpanel-partners-with-census-to-bring-product-analytics-to-the-modern-data-stack/• Snowflake: https://www.snowflake.com/en/• Amazon Redshift: https://www.amazonaws.cn/en/redshift/• Event-Based Analytics: https://developer.mixpanel.com/docs/under-the-hood• The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement: https://www.amazon.com/Goal-Process-Ongoing-Improvement/dp/0884271951• Cool Gray City of Love: 49 Views of San Francisco: https://www.amazon.com/Cool-Gray-City-Love-Francisco/dp/1608199606• The West Wing Weekly podcast: http://thewestwingweekly.com/• WeCrashed on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/wecrashed/• Severance on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/severance/• Gibson Biddle on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gibson-biddle-on-his-dhm-product-strategy-framework-gem-roadmap-prioritization-framework-5-netflix-strategy-mini-case-studies-building-a-personal-board-of-directors-and-much-more/• Shishir Mehrotra on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Vijay’s background(04:07) How Vijay learned to be more open-minded to new ideas (06:26) Mixpanel’s journey(12:40) When to optimize for speed(13:49) The feature phase vs. the design phase(17:02) The importance of not losing focus on your core product(19:52) How Mixpanel organizes teams around buckets of problems(20:43) Mixpanel’s most recent six-month time horizon planning cycle(25:08) The RICE framework for prioritization (and when to ignore the C and E)(26:31) The problem with estimations, and why Basecamp suggests using a six-week time box(30:04) How Mixpanel keeps product teams and engineers connected to customers via Slack (33:21) SaaS tools Mixpanel’s teams use(34:54) The biggest product analytics mistakes(37:34) The present and future of analytics (41:05) How adopting a product mindset has helped Vijay grow his career(41:47) Lightning roundProduction and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ravi was previously CPO at Tinder, Product Director at Facebook, and VP of Product at Tripadvisor. Currently, he’s co-founder and CEO of Outpace, a coaching platform designed to help people reach their professional goals. In today’s podcast, we dive deep into Ravi’s product strategy stack framework and how it was used to develop a powerful strategy at Tinder. We also cover his other popular frameworks—the frontier of understanding and exponential feedback—and how both of them can help you grow in your career. We discuss the differences between building product at a startup versus a large tech company, and how Ravi has had to shift his mindset as he’s moved away from a product leadership role into a founder role. Finally, he shares a bit about how Outpace is using AI to amplify coaches and help make them more efficient and effective.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-your-product-strategy-stack—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app: http://merge.dev/lenny• OneSchema—Import CSV data 10x faster: https://oneschema.co/lenny• Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny—Where to find Ravi Mehta:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ravi_mehta• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravimehta/• Website: https://www.ravi-mehta.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:Disclaimer: Lenny is an angel investor in Ravi’s company, Outpace• Reforge’s Product Strategy Program created by Casey Winters and Fareed Mosavat: https://www.reforge.com/programs/product-strategy• Matt Mochary on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary/• Indie Hackers: https://www.indiehackers.com/• Everything Marketplaces: https://www.everythingmarketplaces.com/• The Product Strategy Stack: https://www.ravi-mehta.com/product-strategy-stack/• Balsamiq: https://balsamiq.com/• Set better goals with NCTs, not OKRs: https://www.reforge.com/blog/set-better-goals-with-ncts-not-okrs• Ravi’s product manager’s competencies framework: https://www.ravi-mehta.com/product-manager-roles/• Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products: https://www.amazon.com/Hooked-How-Build-Habit-Forming-Products/dp/0241184835/• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• Ian McAllister on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/what-it-takes-to-become-a-top-1-pm-ian-mcallister-uber-amazon-airbnb/• The Ezra Klein Show podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-ezra-klein-show/id1548604447• Ezra Klein’s AI episode: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-skeptical-take-on-the-a-i-revolution/id1548604447?i=1000592835492• Andor on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/series/star-wars-andor/3xsQKWG00GL5• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/• Superhuman: https://superhuman.com/• Descript: https://www.descript.com/•  Outpace: https://www.outpace.co•  Unlock Your Product Manager Potential: https://www.outpace.co/guides/unlock-your-product-manager-potential—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Ravi’s background(04:24) Why Ravi left Tinder, and what he’s been up to recently (08:05) Differences between working at an established tech company vs. a startup (12:45) Why founders should network with “early-stage” folks(14:29) Why you need to do some research and relationship-building before starting your company(17:49) What the product strategy stack is and how to use it(22:08) Mission vs. vision(23:37) How Ravi developed his strategy framework at Tripadvisor (26:43) Why PMs should understand design, UX, and UI(28:20) Examples of the product strategy stack in action(32:42) Why Tinder resisted adding filters (34:10) Monetization features at Tinder and the “whales” who spend the most(38:18) How customer feedback led to new features at Tinder(42:28) Why goals come after roadmap in Ravi’s framework(44:30) Tripadvisor’s strategy for increasing bookings(47:25) How to set goals that drive outcomes(50:24) The four buckets of the frontier of understanding(51:38) Different methods for trying to hit goals(53:08) Understanding why you hit or missed your goal(54:34) The product management competencies framework(1:02:08) The exponential feedback framework(1:04:25) Why you should ask for feedback—and graciously accept it(1:06:05) How to determine the right amount of leadership your team needs(1:09:40) What selective micro-management is(1:12:25) How Outpace uses AI to assist in coaching(1:15:24) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

John Cutler writes the popular and beloved product newsletter The Beautiful Mess. For many years, he was a Product Evangelist at Amplitude, which led him to meeting and working with a large number of product teams around the world. Through this role, he gained unique insight into how the best product teams operate. In today’s episode, John reflects on leaving his role at Amplitude, and explains the attributes that the top 1% of product teams share. We also go deep into some of his favorite frameworks and discuss the best way to apply these frameworks to your work. We also unpack skills like product sense and product mindset, and what he’s planning in his new role at Toast.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/what-differentiates-the-highest-performing—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app: http://merge.dev/lenny• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments: https://www.geteppo.com/• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Where to find John Cutler:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/johncutlefish• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnpcutler/• Newsletter: https://cutlefish.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• The North Star Playbook: https://info.amplitude.com/north-star-playbook• Craig Daniel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/craigmdaniel/• Working Backwards: Insights, Stories, and Secrets from Inside Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Working-Backwards-Insights-Stories-Secrets/dp/1250267595• AppFolio: https://www.appfolio.com/• High Leverage Product Evangelism: https://cutlefish.substack.com/p/high-leverage-product-evangelism• Satya Nadella on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/satyanadella/• The Culture Map: Breaking Through the Invisible Boundaries of Global Business: https://www.amazon.com/Culture-Map-Breaking-Invisible-Boundaries/dp/1610392507• Innovation Labs: https://innovationlabs.com/• BEES: https://mybeesapp.com/• Marty Cagan on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan#details• Sooner Safer Happier: Antipatterns and Patterns for Business Agility: https://www.amazon.com/Sooner-Safer-Happier-Patterns-Antipatterns/dp/1942788916• Teresa Torres on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/teresatorres/• Andrew Huberman on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hubermanlab/?hl=en• TBM 49/52: Pyramid of Leadership Self/Other Awareness: https://cutlefish.substack.com/p/tbm-4952-pyramid-of-leadership-selfother• ChatGPT: https://chat.openai.com/chat• How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of Intangibles in Business: https://www.amazon.com/How-Measure-Anything-Intangibles-Business-ebook/dp/B00INUYS2U• Accelerate: The Science of Lean Software and DevOps: Building and Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations: https://www.amazon.com/Accelerate-Software-Performing-Technology-Organizations/dp/1942788339• User Story Mapping: Discover the Whole Story, Build the Right Product: https://www.amazon.com/User-Story-Mapping-Discover-Product/dp/B08TZGKKF2• Build with Maggie Crowley podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/build-with-maggie-crowley/id1445050691• One Knight in Product podcast: https://www.oneknightinproduct.com/index.html#page-top• Sunny Bunnies on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81286920• Booba on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81011059• Toast: https://pos.toasttab.com/• Drift: https://www.drift.com/John’s list of high-performing people worth following:• Dr. Cat Hicks (@grimalkina) https://www.linkedin.com/in/drcathicks/ • Stephanie Leue https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanie-leue/• Amy Edmondson (@AmyCEdmondson) https://www.linkedin.com/in/amedmondson/• Dominica DeGrandis (@dominicad) https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominicadeg/• Courtney Kissler https://www.linkedin.com/in/courtney-kissler-0930681/• Christina Wodtke (@cwodtke) https://www.linkedin.com/in/christinawodtke/• Matthew Skelton https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthewskelton/• Heidi Helfand (@heidihelfand): https://www.linkedin.com/in/heidihelfand/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) What is a product evangelist? John’s unique role at Amplitude(05:50) John’s reflections and feelings on leaving Amplitude(17:28) What John’s doing next(18:52) John’s newsletter: The Beautiful Mess(27:49) What do the top 1% of product teams have in common?(40:08) Different ways companies are successful, and why anyone can improve(45:55) Investing in people vs. investing in processes(48:49) The importance of culture and values(49:59) Global company cultures: the individualist vs. the collectivist  (55:55) Why it’s hard to make changes in large companies(58:49) How to view frameworks(1:01:02) The spectrum of performance in big and small companies(1:05:27) Examples of high-performing people who work outside of Silicon Valley(1:09:02) The skill of product management(1:11:35) The value of learning a bit about everything(1:13:46) Why do people often underestimate the loops available at their company(1:16:20) Chronic vs. acute issues at companies(1:18:07) Unpacking the skills behind product sense and product mindset(1:20:44) A place for people without the traditional meritocracy mindset(1:22:38) John’s writing process and what he plans on writing about next(1:27:52) How to use ChatGPT for learning and levity(1:31:56) Lightning Round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Naomi Ionita is a Partner at the venture capital firm, Menlo Ventures. She started her career in engineering in 2002, shifted to product in 2006, and built product growth and monetization teams starting over a decade ago as one of the first PLG leaders in B2B. She was an early mentor at Reforge and her expertise is in building full-stack growth teams and cultures, launching new products, and helping existing products monetize and retain their users. Consider today’s episode a master class on monetization and pricing. We talk about common mistakes made by founders, specific experiments for how to determine pricing, and why initial growth sometimes comes at the expense of revenue. Naomi also introduces the concept of the Modern Growth Stack, how AI will play a role in growth, and what she’s most excited about for the future.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-price-your-product-naomi-ionita-menlo-ventures/#transcript—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Miro—A collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny• Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Where to find Naomi:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/npilosof• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/naomipilosofionita/• Website: https://www.menlovc.com/naomi-pilosof-ionita—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:Disclaimer: Lenny is an angel investor in a few startups mentioned in this episode: Eppo, Endgame, Pocus• Evernote: https://evernote.com/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• The Van Westendorp pricing model: https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccasadwick/2020/06/22/how-to-price-products/?sh=7e6077f855c7• OpenView: https://openviewpartners.com/• SaaS business model at Profitwell: https://www.profitwell.com/recur/all/saas-business-model• Envoy: https://envoy.com/• Invoice2go: https://invoice.2go.com/• Gas: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/gas/id1641791746• Endgame: https://www.endgame.io/• Pocus: https://www.pocus.com/• Optimizely: https://www.optimizely.com/• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Chargebee: https://www.chargebee.com/• Zuora: https://www.zuora.com/• Metronome: https://metronome.com/• Orb: https://www.withorb.com/• Monetizing Innovation: How Smart Companies Design the Product Around the Price: https://www.amazon.com/Monetizing-Innovation-Companies-Design-Product/dp/1119240867• Ask the Storybots on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80108159• Madhavan Ramanujam on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/the-art-and-science-of-pricing-madhavan-ramanujam-monetizing-innovation-simon-kucher/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Naomi’s background(06:21) Why Evernote wasn’t able to leverage the kind of growth that Notion did(08:06) What founders get wrong when it comes to monetization(12:34) Which features to include in a freemium product(13:22) Day one vs. day one-hundred premium features(15:35) Matching price to value for optimal segmentation(18:50) When pricing should be revisited(19:38) How to determine price, and why it’s a good idea to have a cross-functional pricing team(23:06) How to restructure pricing holistically (25:58) How Envoy learned that they were undercharging(28:39) The importance of experimentation (32:19) How to balance growth with revenue(35:12) What is the modern data stack?(36:45) The modern growth stack(42:22) The importance of experimentation in the growth stack(42:59) Platforms for billing and monetization(46:13) Why a hybrid model of pricing tends to be most used in SaaS companies(49:01) Leveraging AI (49:52) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Yuhki Yamashita is Chief Product Officer at Figma. Prior to Figma, he was Head of Design of Uber’s New Mobility efforts, and before that a product manager at Google and Microsoft. Adding to his impressive resume, Yuhki also taught introductory computer science at Harvard. In today's episode, we talk about operationalizing quality, the case against OKRs, and how Figma isn't just known for product-led growth, but also for building a community of empowered users. Yuhki also shares why he thinks storytelling is key to being a great product manager, owning the "why," and the potential impact of Adobe's acquisition of Figma.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-how-figma-builds—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny• Flatfile—A CSV importer that says yes instead of error: mismatch: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny—Where to find Yuhki Yamashita:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/yuhkiyam• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuhki/• Website: https://www.figma.com/@yuhki—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Yuhki’s guest post on Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-figma-builds-product• Shishir Mehrotra on Lenny’s Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-of/id1627920305?i=1000576021672• Five Why’s template: https://www.figma.com/templates/5-whys-template/• Dylan Field on Twitter: https://twitter.com/zoink• Jeff Holden on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeffholden• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Friends of Figma: https://friends.figma.com/• Camille Ricketts on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-notion-leveraged-community-to-build-a-10b-business-camille-ricketts-notion-first-round-capital/• Adobe Illustrator: https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator/campaign/pricing.html• Adobe Photoshop: https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/• Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard: https://www.amazon.com/Switch-Change-Things-When-Hard/dp/0385528752/• The Story of the Stone, or The Dream of the Red Chamber: https://www.amazon.com/Story-Stone-Dream-Chamber-Vol/dp/0140442936• Serial podcast: https://serialpodcast.org/• The Good Nurse on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81260083• FigJam: https://www.figma.com/figjam/• Asana: https://asana.com/• Slack: https://slack.com/• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Dropbox Paper: https://www.dropbox.com/paper/start• Figma’s Alignment Scale: https://www.figma.com/community/widget/1030848035996871692—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Yuhki’s background(09:05) What Yuhki learned from being on a design team(10:29) Why managing designers is more difficult than managing product teams(12:20) Why storytelling is important for product managers(16:35) How to improve your storytelling skills (18:51) Why PMs need to know the “why” of the product they are managing(22:34) The importance of developing a community and strong customer relationships(26:13) How to use different types of feedback(28:11) Working with Dylan Field(32:44) Testing at Figma and the branching emerging feature(34:54) Why your entire company should be using your product(36:50) The importance of having personal accountability (38:48) Why Yuhki likes to stay out of the way of engineers fixing their own bugs(40:50) Yuhki’s thoughts on OKRs and how they are used at Figma(48:40) Figma’s interview process(51:45) How Figma’s sales team works by creating human connections and empowering designers(54:57) How Figma built community and created organic growth(56:36) Advice for founders (58:57) The potential acquisition by Adobe and the future possibilities for Figma(1:01:42) Closing thoughts (1:03:44) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jules Walter is a product leader at YouTube and co-founder of both the Black Product Managers Network and Codepath.org. Previously, he led monetization and mobile growth teams at Slack. He’s also a very well-known leader in the broader product community. In today’s episode, we discuss the skills that matter most to PMs, and how to build those skills. We also spend quite a bit of time talking about the importance of finding mentors to help you learn new skills, how to nail your next job interview, barriers to entry for underrepresented people, and some of the most common paths into product management.—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/leveraging-mentors-to-uplevel-your—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny• Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod• Linear—The new standard for modern software development: https://linear.app/lenny—Where to find Jules Walter:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/julesdwalt• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/juleswalter/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Black Product Managers Network: https://www.blackproductmanagers.com• Maryanna Quigless on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/quigless/• Brittany Bankston on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brittany-bankston-77693a85/• Benin Saffo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/benin-saffo/• Lawrence Ripsher on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lawrenceripsher/• Matt Mochary on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary/• Adriel Frederick on Lenny’s Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/humanizing-product-development-adriel-frederick-reddit/id1627920305?i=1000583287891• Bangaly Kaba on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/iambangaly/• The Minto Pyramid Principle: Logic in Writing, Thinking, and Problem Solving: https://www.amazon.com/Minto-Pyramid-Principle-Writing-Thinking/dp/0960191046• Pathwise Leadership: https://pathwiseleadership.com/• Erin Teague on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/erinteague/• Bradley Horowitz on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bradleyhorowitz/• Nikhyl Singhal on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nikhyl/• Tim Ferriss on what makes a great mentor: https://www.businessinsider.com/tim-ferriss-what-makes-great-mentor-2017-11• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended on It: https://www.amazon.com/Never-Split-Difference-audiobook/dp/B01COR1GM2• Connect: Building Exceptional Relationships with Family, Friends and Colleagues: https://www.amazon.com/Connect-Building-Exceptional-Relationships-Colleagues/dp/0241986869• Chris Voss’s MasterClass on negotiating in the workplace: https://www.masterclass.com/sessions/classes/win-workplace-negotiations• Lex Fridman’s podcast: https://lexfridman.com/podcast/• Never Have I Ever on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80179190• Top Gun: Maverick on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KBTJBiL3oQInterview Prep Communities:• Lewis C Lin's Interview Community: https://join.slack.com/t/pminterview/shared_invite/zt-1mqc5lzdt-SZuIvbzZIl8ob7UJeydVGg• Exponent: https://www.tryexponent.com/• StellarPeers: https://stellarpeers.com/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Jules’s background(06:07) Two paths to becoming a product manager(07:20) How Jules became the first growth PM at Slack(09:03) Black Product Managers Network and Codepath.org(12:05) The most important skills to refine as a PM: IQ skills and EQ skills(14:48) How to improve your interview skills (18:50) Why interviewing is more difficult for underrepresented people(20:39) EQ skills: what are they and how to improve them(22:44) The EQ skills Jules has had to develop over the course of his career(24:27) The importance of having a mentor or coach for self-reflection(26:09) How cultivating self-awareness helped Jules improve his communication(30:13) Strategies for learning new skills(35:32) Improving strategy, execution, and product sense(37:00) How identifying best practices can help you improve skills(40:22) Communicating clearly and asking for feedback(42:38) Methods Jules uses to improve skills(45:31) How to approach asking for feedback(47:46) Why it’s harder to get honest feedback on EQ skills(50:56) The importance of understanding your strengths and weaknesses and leaning into the former(55:18) Jules’s most impactful mentors(56:14) The qualities to look for in a good mentor and how to approach them(1:02:15) How to foster the best relationship with your mentor(1:06:51) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

If you ever wanted to distill 3,310 hours of knowledge into 60 minutes, then this episode is for you. For the last 6 months, Lenny’s Podcast has been downloaded more than 2 million times and is now a top 10 technology podcast across both Apple and Spotify. And in this special episode, I’m breaking down the top 10 most downloaded episodes, plus sharing my favorite lessons from each. It's unlike anything I've done before, and I hope you love it. Happy holidays, happy new year, and from the bottom of my heart, thank you so much for listening, sharing, and for supporting the podcast. I’ll see you in 2023!—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/countdown-of-the-top-10-episodes-of-the-year/#transcript—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• TED—ReThinking with Adam Grant: https://adamgrant.net/podcasts/rethinking/• Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—The 10 most downloaded episodes of 2022:* April Dunford on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/april-dunford-on-product-positioning-segmentation-and-optimizing-your-sales-process/* Crystal Widjaja on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-scrappily-hire-for-measure-and-unlock-growth-crystal-widjaja-gojek-and-kumu/* Julie Zhuo on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/julie-zhuo-on-accelerating-your-career-impostor-syndrome-writing-building-product-sense-using-intuition-vs-data-hiring-designers-and-moving-into-management/* Shishir Mehrotra on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/* Kristen Berman on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/using-behavioral-science-to-improve-your-product-kristen-berman-irrational-labs/* Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/* Ethan Smith on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-seo-ethan-smith-graphite/* Shreyas Doshi on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/shreyas-doshi-on-pre-mortems-the-lno-framework-the-three-levels-of-product-work-why-most-execution-problems-are-strategy-problems-and-roi-vs-opportunity-cost-thinking/* Marty Cagan on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/* Matt Mochary on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary-ceo-coach/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) About this episode(02:46) April Dunford on positioning your product(07:16) Crystal Widjaja on why most analytics efforts fail(11:42) Julie Zhuo on overcoming imposter syndrome(19:14) Shishir Mehrotra’s favorite interview question(23:27) Shishir Mehrotra’s PSHE career growth framework(27:10) Kristen Berman on using behavioral science to improve your product(33:29) Elena Verna on why retention is so important(36:31) Elena Verna on what to put into your freemium product(37:57) Ethan Smith on how people often under-resource SEO(38:46) Ethan Smith on when it’s time to invest in SEO(42:41) Shreyas Doshi’s LNO Framework(50:12) Marty Cagan on why big companies are often bad at product(51:46) Marty Cagan’s four steps to being a good product manager(53:48) Matt Mochary on the power of small teams(57:17) Matt Mochary’s advice for making hard conversations easier(59:05) Other episodes that left a lasting impact(59:40) Thank you for joining me (Lenny) on this incredible journey—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Chris Hutchins recently left his position as Head of New Product Strategy at Wealthfront to focus full-time on his podcast, All the Hacks. If you’re thinking about starting your own podcast or are simply interested in the process, be sure to check out today’s episode. We dive deep on all things podcasting: the pros and cons, how to climb the charts, and how much time you should expect to spend on each episode from start to finish. We talk in-depth about the process, from pre-production to publication, and share all of the products we use for recording, editing, and publishing. Chris also offers some important tips and tricks on how to get your first subscribers and how to market and grow your podcast, as well as some incredible money-saving hacks that you can start implementing today.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/launching-and-growing-a-podcast-chris—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Notion—One workspace. Every team: https://www.notion.com/lennyspod• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny• Lenny’s Job Board—Hire the best product people. Find the best product gigs: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent—Where to find Chris Hutchins:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/hutchins• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/chrishutchins/• Website: https://chrishutchins.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• All the Hacks podcast: https://www.allthehacks.com/• All the Hacks newsletter: https://allthehacks.com/email• Andy Rachleff on Twitter: https://twitter.com/arachleff• Kerri Walsh Jennings on All the Hacks: https://www.allthehacks.com/performance-psychology-kerri-walsh-jennings/• Descript: https://www.descript.com/• Erika Taught Me podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/erika-taught-me/id1650076906• Leigh Rowan on All the Hacks: https://www.allthehacks.com/travel-hacks-leigh-rowan/• Kevin Kelly’s “1,000 True Fans”: https://kk.org/thetechnium/1000-true-fans/• Emily Oster’s books: https://emilyoster.net/writing/• Chris Hutchins on The Kevin Rose Show: https://podcast.kevinrose.com/guests/chris-hutchins/• Nick Gray’s newsletter: https://nickgray.net/signup-for-email-updates/• The 2-Hour Cocktail Party: How to Build Big Relationships with Small Gatherings: https://www.amazon.com/2-Hour-Cocktail-Party-Relationships-Gatherings-ebook/dp/B0B2KW6T7J• MrBeast on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA• Gary Vaynerchuk on Twitter: https://twitter.com/garyvee• The Danny Miranda Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-danny-miranda-podcast/id1532160275• Ray Dalio on Twitter: https://twitter.com/RayDalio• Danny Miranda’s newsletter on Substack: https://dannymiranda.substack.com/• ATRX2100 mic bundle on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Audio-Technica-ATR2100X-USB-Microphone-Bundle-Filter/dp/B082SYHRY9/r• Riverside: https://riverside.fm/• Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Focusrite-Scarlett-Audio-Interface-Tools/dp/B07QR73T66• Sony Alpha 7C mirrorless full-frame camera on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Sony-Alpha-Full-Frame-Mirrorless-Camera/dp/B08HVZLQ4F• Adobe Audition: https://www.adobe.com/products/audition.html• Pro Tools: https://www.avid.com/pro-tools• Podpage: https://www.podpage.com/• Simplecast: https://www.simplecast.com/• Chartable: https://chartable.com/• Podstatus: https://podstatus.com/• Overcast: https://overcast.fm/• Happy Money: https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Money-Ken-Honda-audiobook/dp/B07MJHJ57T/• Vagabonding: An Uncommon Guide to the Art of Long-Term World Travel: https://www.amazon.com/Vagabonding-Uncommon-Guide-Long-Term-Travel/dp/0812992180• Die with Zero: https://www.amazon.com/Die-Zero-Getting-Your-Money/dp/0358099765• Animal Spirits Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/animal-spirits-podcast/id1310192007• Mythic Quest on AppleTV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/mythic-quest• Unclaimed money: https://www.usa.gov/unclaimed-money• Savendeals.com: https://www.savendeals.com/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Chris’s background(03:25) Lesson’s from Wealthfront(09:25) Why storytelling and communication are every bit as important as the product(11:04) Why you need to understand the user’s experience and keep up with what others are building(14:56) Why you should focus on overall impact, not just doing what your boss wants(17:39) Why Chris likes working on big, crazy ideas(19:10) The early days of Chris’s All the Hacks podcast(21:34) The pros and cons of starting a podcast(24:19) The time required to produce an episode(27:09) How Lenny started his podcast (28:29) Launch lessons and how Apple rankings work(30:49) Why you need to create authentic content(32:57) Be one person’s favorite podcast(35:01) How Chris ideated and titled All the Hacks(40:09) How to get started and get your first subscribers(43:52) How Gary Vaynerchuk used Twitter to establish authority (45:07) How to take advantage of platforms with built-in growth engines(47:42) The power of in-person interviews(48:57) How to pitch to other podcasts(51:27) Equipment and products for producing podcasts(57:36) How many downloads it takes in order to be taken seriously(1:01:28) Using Overcast as a growth lever(1:09:02) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Pete Kazanjy is the author of Founding Sales: The Early Stage Go-to-Market Handbook and the founder of Modern Sales Pros, an invite-only peer learning community focused on sales operations and sales leadership. He’s also the co-founder of Atrium, a B2B SaaS company that provides data-driven sales solutions. Pete got his start in product at VMware and then dove deep into the art and science of sales. In today’s episode, we talk about the importance of founder-led sales and how to methodically scale a sales department. He explains the difference between old-school sales and modern sales, which focuses on human connection and solving problems for customers. He also shares actionable tips to improve your sales technique and explains how to use data to monitor your success at different milestones in the sales process.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/founder-led-sales-pete-kazanjy-founding—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny• Flatfile—A CSV importer that says yes instead of error: mismatch: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Merge—A single API to add hundreds of integrations into your app: http://merge.dev/lenny—Where to find Pete:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/Kazanjy• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kazanjy/• Website: https://kazanjy.svbtle.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Founding Sales: The Early Stage Go-to-Market Handbook: https://www.amazon.com/Founding-Sales-Go-Market-Handbook-ebook/dp/B08PMK17Z1• Brianne Kimmel’s SaaS school: http://briannekimmel.com/saas-school/• Modern Sales Pros: https://modernsaleshq.com/• The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses: https://www.amazon.com/Lean-Startup-Entrepreneurs-Continuous-Innovation/dp/0307887898• The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products That Win: https://www.amazon.com/Four-Steps-Epiphany-Successful-Strategies/dp/1119690358/• Pete’s presentation on founder-led sales: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAXIVAZJyPA• Pete’s guest post on Lenny’s newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/sales-bottom-up• The Cadence: How to Operate a SaaS Startup: https://medium.com/craft-ventures/the-cadence-how-to-operate-a-saas-startup-436aa8099e8• Maker vs. Manager Schedule: http://www.paulgraham.com/makersschedule.html• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Atrium: https://www.atriumhq.com/• Greenhouse: https://www.greenhouse.io/• Pete’s ICP Template: https://www.foundingsales.com/2-product-marketing#building-narrative• Marissa Fuhrer Bell on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marissafuhrer/• Data-driven sales master class: https://salesnerds.atriumhq.com/msp-nailing-science-of-sales-figma-webinar-video• The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement: https://www.amazon.com/Goal-Process-Ongoing-Improvement/dp/0884271951• The Score Takes Care of Itself: My Philosophy of Leadership: https://www.amazon.com/Score-Takes-Care-Itself-Philosophy/dp/1591843472• All-In podcast: https://www.allinpodcast.co/• Encanto on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/encanto/33q7DY1rtHQH—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) How Pete met Lenny (05:05) Pete’s background(07:20) Modern sales vs. old-school sales(09:17) What is founder-led sales, and why is it so important?(14:58) When to hire your first salesperson (18:20) Why you should keep your in-person events to around 10 people(19:34) What a sales motion is and why it needs to be updated regularly (20:55) What are the leading indicators of success?(23:54) Why founders don’t need to be rock stars at sales(28:28) Sales mindset changes—the number-one tip to improve your sales(33:30) How modern sales should focus on helping customers solve problems(36:00) A few tips to help you get better at sales(36:40) ICP and personas(39:14) Why you should hire junior sales staff in the early stages(45:40) Signs your new hires aren’t a good fit(47:38) The importance of using metrics for success(49:33) Month-by-month expectations for sales hires(51:19) Why work from home is bad for junior salespeople(54:19) Why you shouldn’t be afraid of sales(55:19) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Camille Ricketts began her career in journalism, at the Wall Street Journal, in 2006. In 2010 she joined Tesla, where she worked in communications alongside Elon Musk. She transitioned into marketing and became the Head of Content and Marketing at First Round Capital and then went on to become the very first marketing hire at Notion. In today’s episode, we dig into community-led growth—what it is, and when and how to pursue it. We get super-specific on how Notion championed their most loyal users and built a passionate community, and the incredible outcome it had for the company’s growth. We also talk about how to create great content, and how content can drive growth for your business and brand.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-notion-leveraged-community-to—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for supporting this podcast:• Eppo—Run reliable, impactful experiments: https://www.geteppo.com/• Flatfile—A CSV importer that says yes instead of error: mismatch: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Vanta—Automate compliance. Simplify security: https://vanta.com/lenny—Where to find Camille:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/camillericketts• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/camillericketts/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—People referenced:• Ivan Zhao: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ivanhzhao/• Simon Last: https://www.linkedin.com/in/simon-last-41404140/• Lexie Barnhorn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexisbarnhorn/• Ben Lang: https://www.linkedin.com/in/benmlang/• Claire Butler: https://www.linkedin.com/in/clairetbutler/• Jessi Craige Shikman at First Round: https://firstround.com/person/jessi-craige-shikman/• Brett Berson at First Round: https://firstround.com/person/brett-berson/• Josh Kopelman at First Round: https://firstround.com/person/josh-kopelman/#mystory• Shaun Young on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shaunyou/• David Pierce at The Verge: https://www.theverge.com/authors/david-pierce• Francisco Cruz-Mendoza: https://www.linkedin.com/in/franciscocrz/• Emma Yee Yick: https://www.linkedin.com/in/emmayeeyick/ Additionally, Camille would love to shout out Nate Martins and Andrea Lim, who ran Notion’s content program:• Nate Martins: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nate-martins/• Andrea Lim: https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreawlim/Content and companies referenced:• Community & Content Resources: https://camnotes.notion.site/Community-Content-Resources-f18fb1db2d094ec2a4140a7737fae362• Station F: https://stationf.co/• Figma: https://www.figma.com/• Canva: https://www.canva.com/• Stripe: https://stripe.com/• Stripe Atlas: https://stripe.com/atlas• Salesforce: https://www.salesforce.com/• First Round Review: https://review.firstround.com/• Jobs to be done framework: https://jobs-to-be-done.com/jobs-to-be-done-a-framework-for-customer-needs-c883cbf61c90• The Only App You Need for Work-Life Productivity: https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-only-app-you-need-for-work-life-productivity-1521640800• Product Hunt: https://www.producthunt.com/Referenced in lightning round:• Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It: https://www.amazon.com/Obviously-Awesome-Product-Positioning-Customers/dp/1999023005• April Dunford on Lenny’s podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/april-dunford-on-product-positioning-segmentation-and-optimizing-your-sales-process/• April Dunford’s guest post in Lenny’s newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/positioning• Harry Stebbings’s podcast, 20VC: https://www.thetwentyminutevc.com/podcast/• Lenny on 20VC: https://www.thetwentyminutevc.com/lenny-rachitsky/• Tár: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14444726/• Fleishman Is in Trouble: https://www.hulu.com/series/fleishman-is-in-trouble-710e51f8-3387-404d-8b07-e7c9b766d11c• Notion: https://www.notion.so/• Arc: https://arc.net/• Superhuman: https://superhuman.com/• Cron: https://cron.com/—In this episode, we cover:(00:00) Camille’s background(05:43) What it was like working with Elon Musk(07:38) Working at Notion in the early days(12:16) What is community-led growth?(15:48) How Notion measured the impact of marketing efforts(16:35) The most successful community efforts at Notion(18:24) Why metrics aren’t always necessary for community growth (19:52) When it makes sense to invest in community-led growth(21:34) How creators make money using Notion(23:12) The Ambassador Program and Champions Program at Notion(27:20) Why founders should consider investing in community and delay monetizing some features(31:03) Companies that have done well in building community(32:54) How to determine the level of community engagement appropriate for your company to invest in(34:00) Using Camille’s 2x2 grid to implement community(36:42) How to launch an ambassador program(41:22) Advice for founders who want to build community(47:17) How Lenny got his first 500 newsletter subscribers(48:58) Examples of Camille’s most impactful content marketing(51:20) Content-market fit: how to determine the needs of your reader (53:37) Content categories and the time it takes to create top-notch content(57:02) The future of comms and how the press helped Notion grow(1:01:35) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Madhavan Ramanujam is a senior partner at Simon-Kucher, where he works with tier-one tech companies like Uber, Asana, and LinkedIn to help them develop their pricing and monetization strategies. He’s also the author of the most widely read book on pricing strategy, Monetizing Innovation. In today’s podcast, we talk about all the elements that go into your pricing strategy. Madhavan gives real-life examples of having conversations about “willingness to pay,” how segmentation should impact your pricing, and when to start thinking about pricing. He also shares tips on how behavioral pricing impacts your thinking, how to restructure your pricing during a downturn, and much more.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-art-and-science-of-pricing-madhavan—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Lemon.io—a marketplace of vetted software developers. Get your match within 48h: https://lemon.io/lenny• Mixpanel—product analytics that everyone can trust, use, and afford: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Miro—a collaborative visual platform where your best work comes to life: https://miro.com/lenny—Where to find Madhavan Ramanujam:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/madhavansf• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/madhavan-ramanujam-1533063/• Website: https://www.simon-kucher.com/en-us/leadership—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Monetizing Innovation: https://www.amazon.com/Monetizing-Innovation-Companies-Design-Product/dp/1119240867• It’s Price Before Product. Period: https://review.firstround.com/its-price-before-product-period• Rahul Vohra on NFX podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JCiMqVC6Dok• Leaders, Killers, and Fillers framework: https://kevinacohn.medium.com/leaders-fillers-and-killers-creating-bundles-that-work-7f4c7329cf53• Predictably Irrational: https://www.amazon.com/Predictably-Irrational-Revised-Expanded-Decisions/dp/0061353248• Preorder Unlocking Growth: https://www.amazon.com/Maximize-Profits-Prices-Products-Services/dp/1119633060• Confessions of the Pricing Man: https://www.amazon.com/Confessions-Pricing-Man-Affects-Everything/dp/B08TZPRKVY• Simon-Kucher books: https://www.simon-kucher.com/en-us/resources/books• Mastering SaaS pricing (Kyle Poyar): https://www.saas-knowledge-base.com/docs/mastering-saas-pricing-from-mvp-to-ipo• 6 Must-Reads on Pricing a Product: https://review.firstround.com/our-6-must-reads-on-pricing-a-product—In this episode, we cover:(03:24) Madhavan’s background(06:29) How Madhavan got into pricing and monetization(08:02 ) Why he wrote Monetizing Innovation(09:43) Why pricing is a cross-functional discipline, but ultimately a function of product(11:27) What “willingness to pay” is, and why founders need to have conversations about it early and often(15:23) How Porsche built their SUV around customer feedback and willingness to pay(18:46) How testing helped a marketplace company avoid building something customers don’t value(23:50) Several methods to use to learn willingness to pay(33:38) When and how the willingness-to-pay conversations happen(37:08) How many customers you should be talking to(38:13) When to revisit pricing(39:20) Segmentation strategies(42:42) Why you need to act differently to your segments that have different needs(44:33) When to think about segmentation(47:49) Examples of segmentation done well(52:24) The importance of dynamic segmentation(53:19) The three pricing strategies: maximizing, penetrating, and skimming(55:49) How to use bundling and packaging to unlock segmentation(59:50) Why how you charge is more important than how much(1:03:30) Subscription vs. usage (1:07:40) Pricing options and structures(1:10:22) How to run tests to see which pricing model works best(1:12:06) Focusing on benefits vs. features(1:16:13) What behavioral pricing is and why it’s important(1:20:54) Tactics for behavioral pricing(1:26:33) Determining pricing thresholds (1:28:23) Tips for pricing in a depressed market(1:32:50) Madhavan’s new book—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sahil Mansuri is the CEO of Bravado, the world’s largest online sales community. Sahil is passionate about sales, and his experience dates all the way back to 2008, working for Obama’s presidential campaign. During his time at Glassdoor, Sahil was able to close some incredible accounts, including Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon. In today’s podcast, we talk about why sales is a crucial part of any business and how to continue selling successfully through a recession. We get super-specific on building a conservative plan for the near future and cover everything from where to place your best salespeople to restructuring comp plans. The episode is full of great advice about how to shift with this market, improve agility, and perhaps grow an even stronger business with happier customers. —Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-hit-revenue-targets-in-a-recession-sahil-mansuri-bravado/#transcript—Where to find Sahil Mansuri:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/svmansuri• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sahilmansuri/• Email: sahil@bravado.co—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Merge: http://merge.dev/lenny• Miro: https://miro.com/lenny—Referenced:• Bravado: https://bravado.co/• Stumbling on Happiness: https://www.amazon.com/Stumbling-Happiness-Daniel-Gilbert/dp/1400077427• All-In podcast: https://www.allinpodcast.co/• How I Built This podcast: https://www.npr.org/series/490248027/how-i-built-this• The Blacklist on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/70281312• The Newsroom on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/the-newsroom-3d51e070-e77d-4294-ac83-cab80d3f94dd• The West Wing on HBO Max: https://www.hbomax.com/series/urn:hbo:series:GX5nwgQDNJZ6aoQEAAAHJ• Jeopardy!: https://www.jeopardy.com/watch• Frasier on Hulu: https://www.hulu.com/series/frasier-0cb9b63b-de82-4751-99c9-1cb12118ab9d• Slack: https://slack.com/• Zoom: https://zoom.us/• Grain: https://grain.com/—In this episode, we cover:(04:19) Sahil’s background(08:26) What is Bravado? (10:27) How to shift your sales strategy to meet the market(12:00) How to set a conservative plan that still allows you to lean in when growth is possible(19:06) Why the downturn in tech may not be over anytime soon(21:34) How Bravado gets its data from users and creates global benchmarks (23:04) Why SAAS has an outdated comp structure(33:23) Why companies are resistant to restructuring comp plans(37:18) The problem with hypergrowth in today’s market(41:18) Why it’s time to shift into a retention-based strategy(43:28) Why your best sales staff should transition to post-sales for customer retention(51:20) What are warm intros, and how can existing customers help you get new ones?(59:30) How Sahil was able to get Facebook’s account at Glassdoor(1:08:08) Why CEOs are actually salespeople(1:12:50) How to survive a downturn(1:19:44) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ethan Smith is the CEO of Graphite, a boutique growth agency that’s helped companies like MasterClass, Thumbtack, Robinhood, Medium, and Honey develop and execute their SEO strategies. SEO is one of the least-understood levers for growth, while also one with the biggest payoff. This episode is a true master class on all things SEO. Ethan shares a wealth of information, including when you should begin investing in SEO, how to build an SEO team, and the three main buckets of SEO. He explains the difference between topics and keywords, gives the exact heuristics and tools to help you be successful in developing and implementing your own SEO strategy, and also goes deep on how to deal with roadblocks and advocate for resources.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-ultimate-guide-to-seo-ethan-smith—Where to find Ethan Smith:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ethan_l_s• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ethanls/• Graphite: https://www.graphitehq.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Coda: https://coda.io/lenny• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Lemon.io: https://lemon.io/lenny—Referenced:• Product-Led SEO: The Why Behind Building Your Organic Growth Strategy https://a.co/d/2wkN4dx• Topical Authority Analysis: https://bit.ly/topical-authority-tool• SEO Link Analysis: https://bit.ly/diagnostic-internal-links• SEO Links API: https://bit.ly/graphite-internal-links-api• Screaming Frog: https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/• Brandon Lee of Power: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandonhli• Similarweb traffic analysis: https://www.similarweb.com/• MasterClass: https://www.masterclass.com/• BetterUp: https://www.betterup.com/• NerdWallet: https://www.nerdwallet.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Ahrefs: https://ahrefs.com/• Semrush: https://www.semrush.com/• Google Search Console: https://search.google.com/search-console/about• Clearscope: https://www.clearscope.io/• Yuriy Timen on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-grow-a-subscription-business-yuriy-timen-grammarly-canva-airtable/• Gokul Rajaram on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gokul-rajaram-on-designing-your-product-development-process-when-and-how-to-hire-your-first-pm-a-playbook-for-hiring-leaders-getting-ahead-in-you-career-how-to-get-started-angel-investing-more/• Luc Levesque on Twitter: https://twitter.com/luclevesque• Search Off the Record: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/search-off-the-record/id1512522198• GPT-3: https://gpt3demo.com/apps/openai-gpt-3-playground—In this episode, we cover:(03:53) Ethan’s background(07:53) Why technical audits are the biggest myth in SEO(10:05) When to invest in SEO(16:09) Heuristics to determine if SEO is worth it(18:36) The three buckets of SEO: programmatic, editorial, and technical(23:30) The process for creating an SEO strategy(27:00) Why you shouldn’t be too formulaic (28:33) What is site engagement?(29:31) Which pages need to be indexed(31:49) Topics vs. keywords(36:33) How to mine competitors’ sites for information(37:41) Useful tools for developing your SEO strategy(40:14) How long will it take to see results?(45:16) Factors to consider when looking to hire an SEO person(47:33) The functions of a programmatic SEO person(49:19) How to do testing(54:06) Editorial SEO strategy(57:14) How to scale based on the size of the site(59:51) Page types(1:01:53) How to win in a topic category(1:03:12) How to build solid hypotheses and test them (1:06:13) How to deal with roadblocks and advocate for resources(1:08:54) How topical and domain authority are determined(1:16:43) The power of internal links(1:24:32) Why AI is not usually useful for content creation(1:28:31) Final tips for getting started with SEO—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Petra Wille is an independent product leadership coach who’s been helping product teams expand their skill sets since 2013. She’s also the author of Strong Product People, which she published in 2021. Alongside her freelance work, Petra curates and co-organizes Mind The Product Engage Hamburg. She started her career as a software developer and in 2008 went to work at Xing, a German social media site, where she learned from two incredible product leaders: Marty Cagan and Jason Goldberg. In today’s podcast, we talk about Petra’s book, and how to help your team grow as a product leader. Petra also shares how to improve your storytelling skills, get better at public speaking, and why community is so important for product managers.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-be-the-best-coach-to-product—Where to find Petra Wille:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/loomista• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/petra-wille-b8b1329/?originalSubdomain=de• Website: https://www.petra-wille.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• AssemblyAI: https://www.assemblyai.com/?utm_source=lennyspodcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=nov27—Referenced:• PMwheel framework: https://www.strongproductpeople.com/pmwheel• Marty Cagan’s assessment: https://www.svpg.com/coaching-tools-the-assessment/• PM Daisy: https://pmdaisy.com/• The Eisenhower matrix for prioritization: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/eisenhower-matrix/• Continuous Discovery Habits: Discover Products that Create Customer Value and Business Value: https://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Discovery-Habits-Discover-Products/dp/1736633309• Mochary Method Curriculum: https://docs.google.com/document/d/18FiJbYn53fTtPmphfdCKT2TMWH-8Y2L-MLqDk-MFV4s/edit• Matt Mochary on Lenny’s podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work-through-fear-and-nurture-innovation-matt-mochary/• Hans Rosling’s Ted talks: https://www.ted.com/speakers/hans_rosling• Sarah Kay: If I should have a daughter: https://www.ted.com/talks/sarah_kay_if_i_should_have_a_daughter?• Nobody Wants to Read Your Sh*t: Why That is and What You Can Do About It: https://www.amazon.com/Nobody-Wants-Read-Your-Sh-ebook/dp/B01GZ1TJBI• Selling the Dream: https://www.amazon.com/Selling-Dream-Guy-Kawasaki/dp/0887306004• Nancy Duarte’s website: https://www.duarte.com/• The 72 Rules of Storytelling: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/72-rules-commercial-storytelling-jeremy-waite/• The Art of Thinking Clearly:https://www.amazon.com/Art-Thinking-Clearly-Rolf-Dobelli/dp/0062219693• Outcomes Over Output: https://www.amazon.com/Outcomes-Over-Output-customer-behavior/dp/1091173265• Martin Erickson’s Decision Stack: https://martineriksson.com/the-decision-stack• Present Yourself Kickstarter: https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/womentalkdesign/present-yourself-a-public-speaking-book• The Product Experience podcast: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/the-product-experience/• Product podcast in German: https://www.produktmenschen.de/• Watch New Amsterdam on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/new-amsterdam• Harvest bookkeeping and time tracking: https://www.getharvest.com/• Qanto: https://qonto.com/en—In this episode, we cover:(03:35) Petra’s background(05:51) The things leaders of product teams don’t always understand(09:33) Why Petra wrote the book Strong Product People to help managers of product teams (11:21) The five ingredient coaching method(17:00) Why Petra usually recommends starting coaching with a development plan(19:31) Why weekly time should be carved out for ‘people development’(21:16) How to define a competent PM in your organization and tools to help you(24:06) Petra’s PM Wheel and how she developed it(27:36) Other info product leads will find useful in Petra’s book(30:46) Tips for coaching your team(35:17) How to improve your storytelling(40:56) How to get better at public speaking(44:45) Why it’s important to develop good storytelling and public speaking skills (53:36) The importance of a community of practice for product people(56:14) Why people tend to stick around when they are supported and growing in a community(57:53) What to look for in a community(1:06:48) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ian McAllister is the Senior Director of Product for Vehicles at Uber. Before moving to Uber, Ian spent over a decade directing teams at Amazon, where he created and led Amazon Smile. He was also Director of Product Management at Airbnb, where I was lucky enough to have worked alongside him. In today’s episode, we discuss Ian’s famous document about the essential attributes of the top 1% of product managers. Ian outlines the most important skills to focus on for entry-level PMs and how to broaden your experience and diversify skills as you move up the ladder. He also shares what he learned working with Jeff Wilke, Jeff Bezos, and other leaders at Amazon, and goes in depth on Amazon’s working-backwards framework. —Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/what-it-takes-to-become-a-top-1-pm-ian-mcallister-uber-amazon-airbnb/#transcript—Where to find Ian McAllister:• Newsletter: https://ianmcallister.substack.com/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ianmcall• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ianmcallister/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny• AssemblyAI: https://www.assemblyai.com/?utm_source=lennyspodcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=nov20—Referenced:• What distinguishes the top 1% of product managers from the top 10%, on Substack: https://ianmcallister.substack.com/p/what-distinguishes-the-top-1-of-product• What distinguishes the top 1% of product managers from the top 10%, on Quora: https://www.quora.com/What-distinguishes-the-Top-1-of-product-managers-from-the-Top-10• Amazon’s working-backwards method: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/working-backward-amazon-method/• Jeff Wilke on Twitter: https://twitter.com/jeffawilke• Getting Real: The Smarter, Faster, Easier Way to Build a Successful Web Application: https://www.amazon.com/Getting-Real-Smarter-Successful-Application/dp/0578012812• Wool (Wool trilogy #1): https://www.amazon.com/Wool-Trilogy-Howey-25-Apr-2013-Paperback/dp/B011T7ACU0/• Energy and Civilization: A History: https://www.amazon.com/Energy-Civilization-History-MIT-Press/dp/0262035774• How I Built This podcast: https://www.npr.org/series/490248027/how-i-built-this• EV News Daily podcast: https://www.evnewsdaily.com/• Yellowstone on Peacock: https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/yellowstone• Everything Everywhere All at Once on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/titles/3493875/everything-everywhere-all-at-once• Gibson Biddle’s website: https://www.gibsonbiddle.com/• Gibson Biddle on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gibson-biddle-on-his-dhm-product-strategy-framework-gem-roadmap-prioritization-framework-5-netflix-strategy-mini-case-studies-building-a-personal-board-of-directors-and-much-more/• Gibson Biddle’s Ask Gib newsletter: https://askgib.substack.com/—In this episode, we cover:(03:54) What Ian expected from his initial post on product management(05:30) How the post impacted Ian’s career(07:06) How writing can help you crystallize your thoughts(08:26) Ian’s background(10:57) Attributes of the top 1% of PMs(14:32) The top three skills for new PMs to perfect(20:32) Tips on strengthening communication and prioritization(23:06) How to level up as a PM(26:37) What kind of impact should new PMs expect to make?(29:36) How to broaden your view and think big(33:06) How to earn the trust of others(34:30) How Ian could have done more to earn trust at Airbnb(37:27) Why people tend to stick around Amazon for a while (39:53) What Ian learned from Bezos and Wilke(46:38) How teams get working backwards wrong(53:51) The two parts of working backwards and how Ian utilizes it at Uber(58:57) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Gergely Orosz writes the #1 technology newsletter at Substack, called The Pragmatic Engineer. He started his career as a software developer in the U.K., spent three years at Skype, and followed that role with four years as an engineering manager at Uber before deciding to leave big tech and work for himself. Gergely began pursuing his newsletter full-time in September 2021 and in just one year has amassed 200,000 subscribers. He now makes more money than he did at his salaried tech job, and with freedom and flexibility. In today’s podcast, Gergely shares why he left his well-paying job at Uber, how he got his first 1,000 subscribers, why this kind of work can be stressful and lonely (but ultimately rewarding), and why it takes hard work to build authority and become a great writer. Working solo can be challenging, and in this episode, both Lenny and Gergely offer tips for structuring your unstructured time and finding your focus.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/leaving-big-tech-to-build-the-1-technology—Where to find Gergely Orosz:• Website: https://www.pragmaticengineer.com/• Newsletter: https://newsletter.pragmaticengineer.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/GergelyOrosz• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/gergelyorosz/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Lemon.io: https://lemon.io/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Gergely’s books: https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/books/• Centered: https://www.centered.app/• The Pomodoro technique: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bryancollinseurope/2020/03/03/the-pomodoro-technique/• Coding Horror: https://blog.codinghorror.com/• How to Achieve Ultimate Blog Success in One Easy Step: https://blog.codinghorror.com/how-to-achieve-ultimate-blog-success-in-one-easy-step/• A Comment Is an Invitation for Refactoring: https://blog.pragmaticengineer.com/a-comment-is-an-invitation-for-refactoring/• Kent Beck’s website: https://www.kentbeck.com/• Steve Yegge’s famous rant on Google vs. Amazon: https://www.alexanderjarvis.com/steve-yegges-famous-rant-on-google-vs-amazon/• Stevey’s Tech Talk: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZfuUWMTtMcC1DZF6HxJhqsGrBXu8Jzi7—In this episode, we cover:(04:32) Gergely’s background(07:19) The Pragmatic Engineer, growth and current subscribers (08:59) Compensation with a subscription-based newsletter vs. his salaried position at Uber(10:55) How the onset of Covid and layoffs at Uber prompted Gergely to start his newsletter(23:10) What he did immediately after leaving Uber(25:41) The day-to-day of writing a newsletter(35:08) Tips for productivity(41:19) Gergely’s favorite parts of entrepreneurship (43:15) The downsides of solo work(50:39) Why Gergely stopped making long-term plans(54:30) How to get started writing a newsletter(1:04:48) Key advice on building a successful newsletter—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Alex Hardiman is Chief Product Officer at the New York Times, where she oversees the company’s news, cooking, games, audio and advertising products. Previously, Alex was Chief Business & Product Officer at The Atlantic, and before that she was Head of News Products at Facebook. We discuss how engineers and product people work with writers to create impactful stories, how teams build the incredible visualizations and experiences for NYTimes.com, how product teams are structured within the New York Times, and the good and bad about working at a company like the New York Times versus a FAANG tech company. We also talk about the details behind the New York Times’s acquisition of Wordle and uncover what the Times is dreaming up for its product over the next 10 years.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/an-inside-look-at-how-the-new-york—Where to find Alex Hardiman:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/alex_hardiman• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexandrahardiman/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Miro: https://miro.com/lenny• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Jodi Kantor: https://www.nytimes.com/by/jodi-kantor• Wordle: https://www.nytimes.com/games/wordle/• Wordle Is a Love Story: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/technology/wordle-word-game-creator.html• Josh Wardle on Twitter: https://twitter.com/powerlanguish• Eric Kim’s recipes: https://cooking.nytimes.com/ourcooks/eric-kim/• Wirecutter: https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/• Framing Britney Spears: https://www.nytimes.com/article/framing-britney-spears.html• Hard Fork podcast: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/04/podcasts/hard-fork-technology.html• High Growth Handbook: Scaling Startups from 10 to 10,000 People: https://www.amazon.com/High-Growth-Handbook-Elad-Gil/dp/1732265100• An Elegant Puzzle: Systems of Engineering Management: https://www.amazon.com/Elegant-Puzzle-Systems-Engineering-Management/dp/1732265186• The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium: https://www.amazon.com/Revolt-Public-Crisis-Authority-Millennium/dp/1732265143• Giovanni’s Room: https://www.amazon.com/Giovannis-Room-James-Baldwin/dp/0345806565/r• The Daily podcast: https://www.nytimes.com/column/the-daily• The Wire on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/the-wire• Google Workspace: https://workspace.google.com/• Slack: slack.com• Figma: figma.com• Mode: https://mode.com/• GitHub: https://github.com/• Fidji Simo on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fidjisimo/—In this episode, we cover:(04:48) Alex’s background(07:37) How Alex fought disinformation on the news team at Facebook (11:11) How some product people thrive in chaos(14:13) Alex’s return to the New York Times(16:22) What product means at the New York Times(20:42) How the product team at the New York Times is structured(26:20) How the New York Times makes stories come alive with balanced creative and technical teams(33:15) The acquisition of Wordle (42:00) What it was like to work at the New York Times during the onset of Covid(47:11) How to avoid burnout on a product team(49:26) How the New York Times has set itself apart with its subscription package(52:21) How the New York Times’s products are rooted in helping in the real world(52:54) Lenny’s tips for improving Wirecutter(53:36) The differences and similarities on product teams in a news organization(59:58) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Matt Mochary, CEO of Mochary Method, is a full-time executive coach who has worked with some of the biggest names in tech and finance, including investor Naval Ravikant and the CEOs of Notion, OpenAI, Coinbase, Reddit, and many others. In today’s podcast, we talk about the skill of firing people, why it’s so important, and Matt’s framework for approaching layoffs. We go deep on recognizing emotions like anger and fear, and what to pay attention to when you feel angry or fearful. He also shares how to build new products within a larger company, important tips on how to make sure everyone in the organization feels valued and heard, carving out time for your top goal, and how an energy audit can help you eliminate tasks that are draining your energy.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-fire-people-with-grace-work—Where to find Matt Mochary:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/mattmochary• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matt-mochary-34bb4/• Website: http://www.mochary.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• AssemblyAI: https://www.assemblyai.com/?utm_source=lennyspodcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=nov10• Lemon.io: https://lemon.io/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• The Great CEO Within: The Tactical Guide to Company Building: https://www.amazon.com/Great-CEO-Within-Tactical-Building-ebook/dp/B07ZLGQZYC• Mochary Method: https://mocharymethod.org/• Leo Polovets on Twitter: https://twitter.com/lpolovets• High Output Management: https://www.amazon.com/High-Output-Management-Andrew-Grove/dp/0679762884• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business when There Are No Easy Answers: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Thing-About-Things-Building/dp/0062273205• Andrej Karpathy on Lex Fridman’s podcast: https://lexfridman.com/andrej-karpathy/• Wei Deng on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dengwei/• Free Solo: https://films.nationalgeographic.com/free-solo• Ryan Hoover on Twitter: https://twitter.com/rrhoover• Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less: https://gregmckeown.com/books/essentialism/• Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day: https://www.amazon.com/Make-Time-Focus-Matters-Every/dp/0525572422• Centered app: https://www.centered.app/• Diana Chapman at Conscious Leadership Group: https://conscious.is/team/diana-chapman• The Mochary Method curriculum doc: https://docs.google.com/document/d/18FiJbYn53fTtPmphfdCKT2TMWH-8Y2L-MLqDk-MFV4s/edit—In this episode, we cover:(04:43) Matt’s background(07:39) Areas where even very successful founders struggle(12:24) How to address people to minimize defensiveness(13:24) The destructive nature of anger and how to feel your feelings so you don’t hurt others(15:02) Which books led Matt to his coaching journey and software platform(19:03) When and how to let an employee go(31:47) How to make people feel heard(38:05) How Matt’s coaching has evolved to include psychological obstacles to success(39:41) What is “top goal,” and how can it help you make massive gains?(41:25) Why Matt has an accountability partner for his top goal time(43:44) How to approach mass layoffs humanely(53:21) Matt’s thoughts on the Twitter layoffs(54:10) How to innovate within a large company(1:01:53) How to do an energy audit—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ben Williams is VP of Product at Snyk, an industry-leading security platform for developers, last valued at $8.5b. He’s also a product and growth advisor with over 20 years of experience building and scaling high-performing product and growth teams. Through product-led growth, product-led sales, and community, Snyk rapidly scaled and won over the lucrative developer audience. In today’s episode, Ben shares the successful growth levers that helped Snyk get started, all of the details of how Snyk has structured their growth, product, and marketing teams and set them up for success in terms of cross-collaboration—and also how their initial plan for self-serve monetization fell flat. We go into Ben’s many useful tips for product-led growth, including his thoughts on free vs. paid versions, trials, and how to build amazing growth teams.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-snyk-built-a-product-led-growth—Where to find Ben Williams:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/semanticben• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/semanticben/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Coda: https://coda.io/lenny• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Snyk: https://snyk.io/• Weekly Team Impact & Learnings Review Template: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GibNaJ4aONgp5Kg824NCionr1citHIDk3FLvMdkpX_Q/edit?usp=share_link• Monthly Group Impact & Learnings Review Template: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1nQ18OTuRtc8urBnUWEObD_BlfdGDKlDDMFg8-G2GK7E/edit?usp=share_link• Experiment Plan Template: https://docs.google.com/document/d/18LiGXKphGe1tUpZCQA20i4bJqf-S3kDbYnY4Pls_9kQ/edit?usp=share_link• Vision & Mission Framework: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1CiRwscu-50lBr2c7yRLY_zXVzv5DCnYqNnS5Au83WC8/edit?usp=share_link• Ed Sim’s newsletter: https://whatshot.substack.com/• Tamar Yehoshua on Twitter: https://twitter.com/tyehoshua• Julian Shapiro on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/growth-tactics-retention-strategies-and-becoming-a-better-writer-julian-shapiro-demand-curve-hyper-webflow-techcrunch/• Annie Duke’s website: https://www.annieduke.com/• Elena Verna on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/elena-verna-on-how-b2b-growth-is-changing-product-led-growth-product-led-sales-why-you-should-go-freemium-not-trial-what-features-to-make-free-and-much-more/• Growth loops: https://www.reforge.com/blog/growth-loops• Brian Balfour on using learnings: https://brianbalfour.com/growth-machine/maximize-learning• Adam Fishman on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/videos/how-to-build-a-high-performing-growth-team-adam-fishman-patreon-lyft-imperfect-foods/• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• FullStory: https://www.fullstory.com/• User Interviews: https://www.userinterviews.com/• User Testing: https://www.usertesting.com/• Sprig: https://sprig.com/surveys• Airtable: https://www.airtable.com/home/toolkit• How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of “Intangibles” in Business: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0470110120/• Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days: https://www.amazon.com/Sprint-Solve-Problems-Test-Ideas/dp/150112174X• Make Time: How to Focus on What Matters Every Day: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B078QSCM3V/• This Is How They Tell Me the World Ends: The Cyberweapons Arms Race: https://www.amazon.com/This-They-Tell-World-Ends/dp/1635576059• Acquired podcast: https://www.acquired.fm/• Turning Red on Disney+: https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/turning-red/4mFPCXJi7N2m• Curb Your Enthusiasm on HBO: https://www.hbo.com/curb-your-enthusiasm• Christine Itwaru’s blog: https://prodops.blog/—In this episode, we cover:(04:44) Ben’s background(07:27) What is Snyk, and what’s the current scale?(08:45) Why Ben joined Snyk(09:29) How Snyk got their first 100 users(15:14) How Snyk used developer conferences and in-person meet-ups to launch(19:23) How Snyk used GitHub as a growth lever(23:50) Snyk Advisor, and other growth loops Snyk successfully used(26:56) Snyk’s failed attempt at self-serve monetization(31:21) How to win the hearts and minds of developers(33:38) How adding sales and marketing teams helped Snyk gain momentum(35:11) The evolution of Snyk’s growth team(37:26) Snyk’s key areas of growth and how Ben solved tension between teams(39:32) What is Snyk’s decision science team?(40:59) Why Snyk has a growth marketer embedded on each team(43:39) The importance of having an amazing SEO person(46:21) Advice on building growth teams(51:32) Ben’s vision and mission framework(53:53) More on the growth process and experimentation(56:04) Using learnings as a path to impact(57:32) Growth strategy(1:02:26) Data in growth teams(1:06:33) How Snyk socializes learnings(1:10:05) How Snyk structures their product org(1:13:15) Free vs. paid features and how to approach trials(1:18:57) Activation milestones at Snyk(1:23:05) The most valuable tools for Snyk’s growth team(1:25:21) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Lauren Ipsen is one of the most well-known and respected executive recruiters in the industry, having placed over 90 senior product leaders at companies including Twitter, Reddit, Opendoor, Postmates, Nextdoor, and many others. She is currently the Director of Executive Talent at General Catalyst, and prior to that was a senior leader at Daversa Partners. In today’s podcast, Lauren shares advice for founders on hiring senior product leaders, tips for product leaders on finding better opportunities, and the most common mistakes recruiters make. She talks about how to play the long game of networking to find the best talent and about recruiting best practices, and we also dive deep on market mapping, LinkedIn, and how to approach reference checks.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/lessons-from-one-of-the-worlds-top—Where to find Lauren Ipsen:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lauren-ipsen-6a5a84113/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Retool: https://retool.com/lenny• Miro: https://miro.com/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Gokul Rajaram on Lenny’s podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/gokul-rajaram-on-designing-your-product-development-process-when-and-how-to-hire-your-first-pm-a-playbook-for-hiring-leaders-getting-ahead-in-you-career-how-to-get-started-angel-investing-more/• The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment:  https://www.amazon.com/Power-Now-Guide-Spiritual-Enlightenment/dp/1577314808• You Are Here: Discovering the Magic of the Present Moment: https://www.amazon.com/You-Are-Here-Discovering-Present/dp/1590308387/• Your Own Backyard podcast: https://www.yourownbackyardpodcast.com/• Top Gun: https://www.amazon.com/Top-Gun-Tom-Cruise/dp/B001K3K5MO• BeReal: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/bereal-your-friends-for-real/id1459645446• Strava: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/strava-run-ride-hike/id426826309• Spotify: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/spotify-music-and-podcasts/id324684580• Joe Suliman at Daversa Partners: https://www.daversapartners.com/team/joe-suliman/—In this episode, we cover:(04:46) Lauren’s background(07:52) Why the best recruiters seem to be migrating to VC funds(09:44) Mistakes founders make in searching for their first senior product leader(13:26) Questions for founders to ask when thinking about who to hire(16:07) The three main types of PMs(18:27) What do job titles mean, and why are they more susceptible to change in a startup environment?(21:50) What should product leaders do ahead of hiring senior product leaders?(23:14) How to network with great talent(27:37) Why the timetable for recruiting is variable(29:02) How to be productive with your time by tapping your network(30:27) Why recruiting via LinkedIn might not be the best use of your time(33:17) Lauren’s favorite placement of all time(37:30) The importance of diversifying your experience(40:16) The art and science of staying long enough to have a meaningful impact(43:23) The importance of creating real impact as a leader(47:57) Good questions to ask references and how to dig deeper(49:35) Resume red flags and the importance of honesty(53:39) Interview tips for product managers (57:29) Common mistakes recruiters make(1:00:57) Advice for founders looking for a recruiter(1:04:24) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sachin Monga is the Head of Product at Substack, a platform that I personally use every day, and love. Before Substack, Sachin co-founded an app called Cocoon, which he ended up selling to Substack. Before that, he spent over seven years at Facebook as a PM working on video and camera products, building out the developer platform, and leading the ads growth team. In today’s episode, we dive deep on all things Substack. Sachin shares what it’s like transitioning from a large product team at Facebook to a small growth team. He discusses how to work with a hands-on founder and why you must be comfortable with rapid change in a PM role. He also shares unique features of Substack that make it an optimized experience for readers and writers, how he’d like to see it improved, and tips for anyone wanting to get started writing online.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-substack-sachin-monga-substack—Where to find Sachin Monga:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/sachinmonga• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachinmonga/• Email: Sachin@substackinc.com—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Retool: https://retool.com/lenny• Stytch: https://stytch.com/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Substack: https://substack.com/• Matt Taibbi on Substack: https://taibbi.substack.com/• Bill Bishop on Substack: https://sinocism.com/• Jasper: https://www.jasper.ai/• DALL-E 2: https://openai.com/dall-e-2/• 1000 True Fans: https://www.amazon.com/1000-True-Fans-Kellys-Simple-ebook/dp/B01N9P9O4G• You Are Not Late: https://medium.com/message/you-are-not-late-b3d76f963142• The Timeless Way of Building: https://www.amazon.com/Timeless-Way-Building-Christopher-Alexander/dp/0195024028• Martyrmade podcast on Substack: https://martyrmade.substack.com/• Colin Meloy on Substack: https://colinmeloy.substack.com/• Ethan Strauss on Substack: https://houseofstrauss.substack.com/• Kareem Abdul-Jabbar on Substack: https://kareem.substack.com/• Dayne Rathbone: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daynerathbone/• For All Mankind on Apple TV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/show/for-all-mankind/umc.cmc.6wsi780sz5tdbqcf11k76mkp7—In this episode, we cover:(04:34) Sachin’s background(07:11) The evolution and structure of teams at Substack(10:11) What it’s like working at a smaller company with a hands-on founder(12:07) How to share in a founder’s vision(14:02) Why the rate of change is the most challenging aspect of the job(16:37) Why prioritization at Facebook worked differently than it does at Substack(20:03) How Substack thinks about prioritizing for writers and readers(22:17) Substack’s recommendation feature and how it came to be(27:13) How recommendations have led to an increase of millions of subscribers(31:34) Moving forward with network-driven discovery (32:17) The “build with” principle and the product lab at Substack(35:02) How Substack deals with negative press(36:45) The writer experience at Substack(39:13) The reader-focused experience on Substack(40:41) Advice for writers(44:45) Substack’s vision for making creation easier(46:39) Common mistakes creators make, and how product improvements could help in some cases (49:57) Why you’re not too late to join the game(52:52) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Barbra Gago is the founder and CEO of Pando, where she’s democratizing career progression. Previously she worked as the Chief Marketing Officer and Global Head of Marketing at Miro, where she helped create an entirely new software category for the space, and also served as VP of Marketing at Greenhouse, where she led go-to-market strategy. In today’s episode, we cover three main topics: category creation, branding and rebranding, and building opinionated software. Barbra discusses how she was able to rebrand Miro and launch a whole new category—and why her attempt to do that at Greenhouse failed. We cover the benefits of building your own category, and when it makes sense to do so and when it doesn’t. She also shares the importance of getting to know your users, why a great brand is informed by its values, and why Pando is built in an opinionated way.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/category-creation-and-brand-building-barbra-gago-pando-miro-greenhouse-culture-amp/#transcript—Where to find Barbra Gago:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/barbragago• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/barbragago• Pando: https://www.pando.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• AssemblyAI: https://www.assemblyai.com/?utm_source=lennyspodcast&utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=oct27• Stytch: https://stytch.com/lenny• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• G2: https://g2.com/• Software Advice: https://www.softwareadvice.com/• Marketo: https://www.marketo.com/• HubSpot: https://www.hubspot.com/• Gainsight: https://www.gainsight.com/• Greenhouse: https://www.greenhouse.io/• Miro: https://miro.com/• Gartner: https://www.gartner.com/• Forrester: https://www.forrester.com/research/product-management/• Oyster: https://www.oysterhr.com/• Deel: https://www.deel.com/• Atlassian: https://www.atlassian.com/• Radical Candor: Be a Kick-Ass Boss Without Losing Your Humanity: https://www.amazon.com/Radical-Candor-Revised-Kick-Ass-Humanity/dp/1250235375• The Art of War: https://www.amazon.com/Art-War-Sun-Tzu/dp/1590302257• Kafka on the Shore: https://www.amazon.com/Kafka-Shore-Haruki-Murakami/dp/0099458322• Cautionary Tales podcast: https://timharford.com/articles/cautionarytales/• The Sandman on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81150303• Nancy Duarte on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nancyduarte/• Al Gore’s TED Talk: https://www.ted.com/talks/al_gore_the_new_urgency_of_climate_change—In this episode, we cover:(04:04) Barbra’s background(05:06) Barbra’s startup(06:07) Category creation vs. winning in existing categories(07:49) What is an applicant tracking system, and why have they been problematic?(09:57) What is a product category?(13:06) Examples of product categories(14:05) Greenhouse as an example of failed category creation (16:46) How Miro successfully created a new category(18:37) Utilizing user feedback(21:15) The mechanics of category creation(21:22) How to advocate for your new category with directory sites(25:53) The middle ground between new and existing categories(29:37) When is it time to rebrand?(38:51) How to create a lasting, global brand(41:18) How values inform brands(43:13) Insights into developing company values(44:24) The elements of a brand(46:37) What is opinionated software?(47:57) The benefits of opinionated software, and why Barbra’s software is opinionated(51:23) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Fareed Mosavat is Chief Development Officer at Reforge, where he leads production, content, and new-product experiences. Previously, he led growth and product teams at Slack and Instacart, was a GM at Zynga, and also served as VP of Product at RunKeeper. Before all of that, Fareed’s fascinating career began in engineering for Pixar, where he learned the art of storytelling and collaboration. In today’s episode, we talk about how his time at Pixar influenced the way he thinks about product, why it’s so difficult to become a better PM, and how to avoid the “manager death spiral.” Fareed shares important insights on how to earn the trust of your manager and coworkers, the four types of product work—and why you need to understand all four. He also provides solid examples of how to generalize your learnings and explains why this will expand your options, make you a better PM, and boost your chances of moving into a leadership role. —Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-establish-credibility-and—Where to find Fareed Mosavat:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/far33d• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fareed/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Vanta: https://vanta.com/lenny—Referenced:• Naval Ravikant’s Twitter thread about specific knowledge: https://twitter.com/naval/status/1002104865919664128• Merci Grace on Lenny’s podcast: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/merci-grace-ex-head-of-growth-at-slack-on-plg-interviewing-storytelling-building-a-diverse-team-hiring-salespeople-building-a-growth-team-and-much-more/• “Crossing the Canyon: Product Manager to Product Leader,” by Fareed Mosavat and Casey Winters: https://www.reforge.com/blog/crossing-the-canyon-product-manager-to-product-leader• Casey Winters on Lenny’s podcast: https://www.podpage.com/lennys-podcast/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/• Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/—In this episode, we cover:(00:38) Fareed’s background(03:55) Lessons from Pixar(09:07) What Fareed does at Reforge(11:57) The scale of Reforge at this time(13:51) Why it’s so difficult to become a better PM(18:03) A PM pie chart—execution, generalizing your solutions, communication, and scaling(23:00) How creating trust helped Fareed’s career grow(26:24) How to gain trust by leveraging your curiosity and communication skills(33:50) How to move from PM to Product Lead(36:43) The manager death spiral and how to avoid it(40:43) The four types of product work(44:13) Moving from IC to product manager (47:15) How to ask for the proper resources(50:00) The trend of senior PMs diversifying into advising, teaching, and angel investing(57:20) The downsides of being your own boss(01:00:45) Advice for breaking into advising—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Adriel Frederick is VP of Product Management at Reddit X, where he helps incubate and scale new products. He is a former Product Lead at Facebook, as well as a former PM and Director of Product at Lyft. In today’s episode, we focus on what it takes to become a better product leader. Adriel shares anecdotes from his time at Lyft and Facebook, insights about how to lead through tough times, why there isn’t an algorithmic solution to everything, why R&D teams need to be a part of the core mission, the tangible benefits of working on diverse teams, and his thoughts on the future of AI. He also introduces the concept of cannonballs, why you should focus on the marginal user, why organization and empathy are the most important PM skills, and so much more.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.podpage.com/lennys-podcast/humanizing-product-development-adriel-frederick-reddit-lyft-facebook/#transcript—Where to find Adriel Frederick:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/drellf• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrielfrederick/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Linear: https://linear.app/lenny• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Referenced:• Jules Walter on Twitter: https://twitter.com/julesdwalt• Jules Walter’s guest post on Lenny’s newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/product-sense• Mark Zuckerberg on The Joe Rogan Experience: https://open.spotify.com/episode/51gxrAActH18RGhKNza598• Sam Harris’s TED Talk on AI: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nt3edWLgIg• Facebook’s 7 friends in 10 days: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-chamath-palihapitya-dramatically-improved-user-malinda-senanayake/• The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power: https://www.amazon.com/Prize-Epic-Quest-Money-Power/dp/1439110123/• The New Map: Energy, Climate, and the Clash of Nations: https://www.amazon.com/New-Map-Energy-Climate-Nations/dp/0143111159/• Revisionist History podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/revisionist-history/id1119389968• Tuned In podcast: https://www.hpacademy.com/blog/tuned-in-high-performance-academy-podcast/• Mo on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81134264• Radiant Nuclear: https://www.radiantnuclear.com/—In this episode, we cover:(00:40) Adriel’s background(06:13) What he does at Reddit X(07:27) Reddit X’s avatar marketplace and NFTs(08:33) Why R&D teams need to be a part of the core mission(11:12) What it’s like to be the first black PM at Facebook(14:58) How to foster diversity(19:40) Being a PM at controversial companies, and how to evaluate criticism(28:25) Adriel’s most stressful time at Lyft(30:35) The importance of operational control and what it means(32:35) Why there isn’t always an algorithmic solution to everything(37:47) Thoughts on AI(42:42) Growth hacking and algorithms at Facebook(48:18) Cannonballs in growth—fundamental changes in the product for optimization(49:07) Facebook’s “7 friends in 10 days” push(51:30) What is a marginal user, and what can you learn from their experience?(56:06) How to think about doing experiments(59:10) Why organization and empathy are the most important skills (1:02:59) Lightning round —Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Janna Bastow is a former product manager, and currently the CEO and co-founder of ProdPad. She also co-founded Mind the Product, a community for PMs, which has grown to 300,000 members across the world. In today’s podcast, Janna discusses the limitations of timeline-based Gantt charts and her “Now/Next/Later” framework. She also shares stories about hosting conferences and gives some great tips on how to improve your presentation skills and cope with performance anxiety.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/building-better-product-roadmaps-janna-bastow-mind-the-product-prodpad/#transcript—Where to find Janna Bastow:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/simplybastow• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jannabastow• The ProdPad newsletter: https://www.prodpad.com/newsletter/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Formsort: https://formsort.com/lenny• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/—Referenced:• Mind the Product: https://www.mindtheproduct.com/• The Trouble with Traditional Roadmaps: https://www.prodpad.com/resources/guides/ditch-the-timeline-roadmap/the-trouble-with-traditional-timeline-roadmaps/• ProdPad’s Sandbox: https://www.prodpad.com/sandbox/• Geoffrey Moore’s product vision template: https://www.prodpad.com/blog/product-vision-template/• The Art of Profitability: https://www.amazon.com/Art-Profitability-Adrian-Slywotzky/dp/0446692271• The Sandman on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/81150303• Startups for the Rest of Us podcast: https://www.startupsfortherestofus.com/• Christina Wodtke on Twitter: https://twitter.com/cwodtke—In this episode, we cover:(01:10) Janna’s background(05:28) How the community evolved at Mind the Product(08:22) The tricky logistics of putting together a conference(10:48) Are conferences profitable?(13:00) How Janna developed her storytelling and presentation skills(16:44) How to fight performance anxiety(19:25) Mistakes are humanizing—how to power through and deliver your presentation(22:11) The limitations of traditional timeline roadmaps(25:00) Janna’s Now/Next/Later framework(28:08) How to work without the structure of dated timelines, and why soft launches are important(32:57) What great product teams are doing well(35:05) The importance of retrospectives(36:45) How to shift the culture at larger companies(39:43) How ProdPad creates better product management practices(42:04) How to learn the Now/Next/Later framework(46:59) Geoffrey Moore’s product vision template(48:36) Lessons for PMs interested in becoming founders(50:48) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Adam Fishman has decades of experience building and scaling some incredible businesses, like Lyft, Patreon, and Imperfect Foods. He is currently an Executive in Residence at Reforge and an advisor to numerous companies on growth, product, strategy, and company building. In today’s episode, Adam shares his growth PM competency model to help founders identify specific skills when hiring growth leaders, how to structure feedback, and how to identify gaps in your growth team. He also discusses the role of onboarding in retention and how to evaluate a company as a prospective employee.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-build-a-high-performing-growth—Where to find Adam Fishman:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/fishmanaf• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adamjfishman/• Website: https://www.adamfishman.com/• Adam’s newsletter: https://www.fishmanafnewsletter.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Linear: https://linear.app/lenny• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Referenced:• Stream Super Pumped on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/super-pumped• Super Pumped: The Battle for Uber: https://www.amazon.com/Super-Pumped-Battle-Mike-Isaac/dp/0393652246•  HitRecord: https://hitrecord.org/• Adam’s growth competency model: https://www.reforge.com/blog/the-growth-competency-model• Adam’s LinkedIn series: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/adamjfishman_ive-now-published-my-complete-series-on-activity-6979198793992802305-VtCu/—In this episode, we cover:(00:18) Adam’s background(06:16) Lyft’s launch press release (09:56) Adam’s newsletter and growth competency framework(10:34) Myths and mistakes founders make(15:12) The growth competency model (18:47) Customer knowledge and user psychology(21:23) Why strategy and communication are more advanced competencies(25:45) Why to hire a junior-level growth executive and how to support them(31:20) Why Adam skews toward internal hiring(33:25) Generalists vs. specialists(35:59) The importance of onboarding(41:49) Opinionated defaults(45:03) Balancing conversion and retention with successful onboarding(48:46) Guidelines for redesigning onboarding(52:22) The PMF criteria for candidates(57:57) What Adam would have done differently at Imperfect Foods—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Dan Hockenmaier is an expert on marketplace strategy and growth. He was previously the Director of Growth at Thumbtack as well as a partner at Reforge, where he co-created the monetization track. Currently, he is the Head of Strategy and Analytics at Faire. In today’s episode, Dan shares the building blocks of a growth model, important considerations when building your growth model, and how to get started. We also chat about retention best practices, the complexity of building a marketplace, the future of marketplaces, and when it makes sense to add a SaaS business to a marketplace, and vice versa.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/developing-a-growth-model-marketplace—Where to find Dan Hockenmaier:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/danhockenmaier• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dan-hock/• Website: https://www.danhock.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Referenced:• Reforge: https://www.reforge.com/• Casey Winters on Lenny’s Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company• Faire: https://www.faire.com/• Dan’s blog post on the future of marketplaces: https://www.danhock.com/posts/the-future-of-marketplaces• Careers at Faire: https://www.faire.com/careers—In this episode, we cover:(00:43) Dan’s background(04:01) What is a growth model?(07:20) The building blocks of a growth model for your own business(10:22) The value in building your own model(11:12) The importance of retention over growth (14:49) Getting started building your model(19:18) The growth model at Thumbtack(20:36) The importance of the early user experience for retention(25:02) Why is a marketplace a good business?(28:23) Health metrics for marketplaces(33:47) Supply and demand, and why you shouldn’t neglect demand(36:23) The role of ROI equations and how to use them(39:16) Why you should tread lightly when working with marketplaces(42:43) Expanding marketplaces(46:50) How marketplaces can add a SaaS offering, and why adding a marketplace to a SaaS business is trickier(49:47) When is there an opportunity to unbundle?(54:43) B2B marketplaces (56:36) What is fragmentation?(58:46) The future of marketplaces—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Kristen Berman is the CEO and co-founder of Irrational Labs, where she helps companies like Google, Airbnb, PayPal, Microsoft, and LinkedIn improve their products and services through behavioral design research. She is also the co-founder of Common Cents Lab, a Duke University initiative dedicated to improving the financial well-being of low- to middle-class Americans. In today’s episode, Kristen shares the 3B Framework of Behavioral Design and uses real-life examples to illustrate what influences behavior change and the common biases that get in the way of building successful products. She also explains how to keep users engaged and how you can implement behavioral design research to drive innovation and growth.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/using-behavioral-science-to-improve-your-product-kristen-berman-irrational-labs/#transcript—Where to find Kristen Berman:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/bermster• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristenberman/• Website: https://irrationallabs.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny• Lenny’s Job Board: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent—Referenced:Learn more behavioral science:• 3B Behavioral Design Framework https://miro.com/miroverse/3b-behavioral-design-framework• Irrational Labs newsletter, with latest BE and behavioral design insights: https://irrationallabs.com/newsletter/ • Join the Behavioral Design Online Bootcamp (use code “Lenny” for 10% off): https://behavioraleconomicsbootcamp.com/• Get the 3B Framework: https://irrationallabs.com/3bs-download/• Behavioral Design & Diagnosis Cheat Sheet: https://irrationallabs.com/download-behavioral-design-guide/• The 16 Critical Cognitive Biases (Plus Key Academic Research): https://irrationallabs.com/blog/cognitive-biases-and-academic-research/• Behavioral Game Design: 7 Lessons: https://irrationallabs.com/blog/behavioral-game-design-7-lessons-from-behavioral-science-to-help-change-user-behavior/• Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions:  https://www.amazon.com/Predictably-Irrational-Revised-Expanded-Decisions/dp/0061353248/• Prolific testing platform: https://www.prolific.co/• Kristen’s guest post on Lenny’s Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/people/23170097-kristen-berman• Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: https://www.amazon.com/Influence-New-Expanded-Psychology-Persuasion/dp/0062937650• The Darwin Economy: Liberty, Competition, and the Common Good: https://www.amazon.com/Darwin-Economy-Liberty-Competition-Common/dp/0691156689/• The Science of Change podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-change/id1587407079• No Stupid Questions podcast: https://freakonomics.com/series/nsq/• Stream The Rehearsal on HBO Max: https://www.hbo.com/the-rehearsal• Chris York’s website: https://www.chrisyork.co/Case studies mentioned: • Budgeting fintech: https://irrationallabs.com/case-studies/budgeting/• TikTok: https://irrationallabs.com/case-studies/tiktok-how-behavioral-science-reduced-the-spread-of-misinformation/• One Medical: https://irrationallabs.com/case-studies/one-medical-case-study/• Credit Karma: https://irrationallabs.com/case-studies/behavioral-design-credit-karma-money/• TytoCare: https://irrationallabs.com/case-studies/tytocare-virtual-medical-visits/• Kiva: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/mind-guest-blog/the-deadline-made-me-do-it/• When to Make Your Sign-Up Flow Harder: https://irrationallabs.com/blog/its-not-always-about-making-things-easier-when-to-make-your-sign-up-flow-harder/—In this episode, we cover:(03:54) What is Irrational Labs, and what do they do?(05:45) What are behavioral economics and behavioral design?(06:50) The fintech budgeting experiment(10:46) What drives behavior change?(11:35) Why increasing friction can sometimes increase conversion(13:51) How to ask the right questions for user engagement(16:09) How Kristen got her start in behavioral economics(18:10) The 3B model of behavior change(20:37) Cognitive barriers(22:02) The importance of building products with immediate benefits to the user(24:20) How exploitation can occur(26:45) How to set customer-friendly incentives(29:15) How Kristen reduced the sharing of misinformation on TikTok(31:58) Tips for researching and solving problems(35:36) The One Medical case study (38:31) Rules of thumb for improving flow(41:46) What is right-for-wrong?(47:00) How to get started using behavioral design(49:33) The Behavioral Design Bootcamp(52:01) Lightning round!—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Georgiana Laudi is the co-founder and CEO of a consulting agency called Forget The Funnel, where she helps SaaS companies scale and improve conversion rates through customer-led growth. She’s also a marketing and growth advisor to companies like MarketerHire, SparkToro, and Sprout Social. Previously, she was the VP of Marketing at Unbounce and has worked in growth marketing for over 20 years. In today’s episode, Gia speaks about how to identify your ideal customer, how to map their user flows in order to find the biggest growth opportunities, and examples of product changes she’s recommended that have led to the largest growth unlocks. She shares the exact process she works through with founders to uncover opportunities, as well as how to increase subscriptions and retention for SaaS businesses.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/customer-led-growth-georgiana-laudi—Where to find Georgiana Laudi:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ggiiaa• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/georgianalaudi/• Website: https://www.forgetthefunnel.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny• Maven: https://www.maven.com/lenny—Referenced:• How SaaS Marketers Can Hold High-Impact Customer Research Interviews: https://www.forgetthefunnel.com/resources/saas-customer-research-interviews• Jobs To Be Done: Email Invite Template & Interview Questions by Forget The Funnel: https://docs.google.com/document/d/183PzYjQi2vsIRlPMUrtzRwZF1VdnZWNDAZsrJ4MRT4Q/edit• The Growth Framework for Customer-Obsessed SaaS Teams: https://www.forgetthefunnel.com/resources/saas-customer-journey-mapping• Project Snow White: https://marker.medium.com/what-seven-years-at-airbnb-taught-me-about-building-a-company-e1d035d49c56#:~:text=middle%2C%20an[…]0White,-was%20one%20of• Startupfest: https://startupfestival.com/for-startups/• Pirate Metrics: https://fourweekmba.com/pirate-metrics/• How Airbnb Proved That Storytelling Is the Most Important Skill in Design: https://www.inc.com/yazin-akkawi/the-surprising-technique-airbnb-uses-to-better-sell-an-experience.html• Jobs to Be Done: https://jtbd.info/• Demand-Side Sales 101: https://www.amazon.com/Demand-Side-Sales-101-Customers-Progress/dp/1544509987• When Coffee and Kale Compete: https://www.amazon.com/When-Coffee-Kale-Compete-products-ebook/dp/B07C7HH662• Obviously Awesome: How to Nail Product Positioning So Customers Get It, Buy It, Love It: https://www.amazon.com/Obviously-Awesome-Product-Positioning-Customers/dp/1999023005• Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products: https://www.amazon.com/Hooked-How-Build-Habit-Forming-Products/dp/1591847788• Forget the Funnel: https://www.forgetthefunnel.com/customer-led-growth/book• Four Thousand Weeks: Time Management for Mortals: https://www.amazon.com/Four-Thousand-Weeks-Management-Mortals/dp/B08XZY5ZF7• Shine Theory: https://www.shinetheory.com/• April Dunford’s website: https://www.aprildunford.com/• SparkToro: https://sparktoro.com/—In this episode, we cover:(04:33) Georgiana’s background(07:03) Why funnels are antiquated (08:52) Better positioning and messaging to find the ideal customer(13:59) How Gia was inspired by Airbnb’s storytelling(19:23) How to analyze what’s successful and what to invest in(21:54) The ideal customer to learn from(26:37) How to choose which customer job to prioritize (32:21) Value moments in the customer relationship(36:45) Applying customer feedback (44:40) Metrics for measuring the customer’s meaningful engagement (49:45) What’s included in the messaging and positioning guidebook(51:15) Tips for messaging(54:13) Example of a customer job at SparkToro(55:58) What is the Jobs to Be Done framework?(59:50) Lightning round(1:04:18) How Gia manages her time—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Julian Shapiro is widely known as the founder of Demand Curve, where he’s helped thousands of companies figure out their growth strategy. He also wrote the growth marketing column at TechCrunch, was CMO at Webflow, and even created an animation engine called Velocity that’s now used in apps like Uber and WhatsApp. In today’s episode, Julian dives deep on product-led acquisition (PLA) and why he believes it’s the best way to grow your company. He shares specific marketing strategies for growth and retention and speaks about his framework for creating novel, engaging content, and how to choose topics for that content. He also discusses a framework called the Curiosity Faucet, inspired by prolific creators such as Ed Sheeran, John Mayer, Taylor Swift, and Neil Gaiman, to help you unlock your own creativity.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/growth-tactics-retention-strategies-and-becoming-a-better-writer-julian-shapiro-demand-curve-hyper-webflow-techcrunch/#transcript—Where to find Julian Shapiro:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/Julian• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/julian-shapiro/• Website: https://www.julian.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Referenced:• Paul Graham’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/paulg• Julian’s guide on startup growth channels: https://www.julian.com/guide/startup/growth-channels• Topic selection: https://www.julian.com/guide/write/ideas• Product-led acquisition: https://www.julian.com/guide/startup/product-led-acquisition• Novelty: https://www.julian.capital/growth-strategy/content-marketing• Julian’s example of counter-narrative novelty: https://twitter.com/julian/status/1348001396277186560• Julian’s example of counterintuitive novelty: https://twitter.com/julian/status/1348001397753532416  • On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction:   https://www.amazon.com/Writing-Well-Classic-Guide-Nonfiction/dp/0060891548/• Neil Gaiman Teaches the Art of Storytelling: https://www.masterclass.com/classes/neil-gaiman-teaches-the-art-of-storytelling• Ed Sheeran, Songwriter: https://music.apple.com/us/music-movie/songwriter/1411353855• John Mayer describes his songwriting process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cNRDWEXnrQ—In this episode, we cover:(03:42) Julian’s background(04:46) Why Julian hasn’t been tweeting frequently(07:43) Advice for building a Twitter following(09:53) The main reason Julian creates handbooks(11:33) The difference between e-handbooks and newsletters(13:25) What is product-led acquisition?(16:20) The categories of product-led acquisition(22:31) What is billboarding, and how can you take advantage of it?(25:56) UGC—leveraging user-generated content for free advertising(29:33) Strategies for retaining users(38:36) How to keep novelty high in writing(45:50) Julian’s framework for choosing writing topics(54:35) The creativity faucet—how to unclog your pipes and get it going—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquiries about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jason Shah has led product teams at Amazon, Airbnb, Microsoft, and Yammer and currently leads the product team at Alchemy (one of the most important web3 infrastructure companies). In addition, he’s an advisor, investor, and two-time founder. In today’s episode, Jason discusses what it’s like to be a PM in web3, why his role at Amazon made such a big impact on his life and career, what makes a great leader, and how to hire well. He also shares his unique perspective on building a meaningful career and life.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/building-a-meaningful-career-jason—Where to find Jason Shah:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/jasonyogeshshah• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonyogeshshah/• Website: https://www.jasonshah.me/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/—Referenced:• Creative Selection: Inside Apple’s Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs: https://www.amazon.com/Creative-Selection-Inside-Apples-Process/dp/1250194466• Casey Winters on Lenny’s Podcast: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within#details• Jason Shah in Lenny’s newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/a-product-managers-guide-to-web3• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers: https://www.amazon.com/Hard-Thing-About-Things-Building/dp/0062273205• Polygon: https://polygon.technology/• Solana: https://solana.com/• MoonPay: https://www.moonpay.com/• The Vietnam War series by Ken Burns: https://www.pbs.org/show/vietnam-war/• Alchemy: https://www.alchemy.com/—In this episode, we cover:(04:31) Jason’s background(08:19) The current state of web3(12:44) The evolution of product management in web3(15:27) The value of a great product manager(18:11) Why Amazon was a great learning experience (20:25) A look into Amazon’s process on working backward(23:55) How to communicate clearly(28:17) Working backward from excitement(32:46) What makes a great leader(38:26) How to influence a CEO or founder’s direction (46:19) The career ladder vs. career map framework(52:27) When to follow a new opportunity vs. when to stick it out(58:50) How to hire the right people(1:03:47) What skill is most important for product managers(1:06:49) Lightning round!—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquires about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Adam Grenier is the former Head of Growth Marketing and Innovation at Uber, where he helped build Uber’s growth infrastructure from the ground up. He is also the former VP of Product and Marketing at LambdaSchool, and former VP of Marketing at Masterclass. These days, Adam is a growth and marketing advisor to many companies, as well as a teacher through Reforge. In today’s episode, Adam shares how to determine whether a new channel is worth exploring, the rise of the growth CMO, and how improv classes can improve team bonding and create a more positive ‘yes’ culture. He also speaks candidly about his own struggles with burnout and depression and shares some incredible tools that have helped him along the way.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/when-to-invest-in-new-acquisition—Where to find Adam Grenier:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/AKGrenier• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/akgrenier/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/—Referenced:• OOT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-top_media_service• Grin: https://grin.co/• Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-Marketing-High-Tech-Mainstream/dp/0060517123•Hacking Marketing: Agile Practices to Make Marketing Smarter, Faster, and More Innovative:  https://www.amazon.com/Hacking-Marketing-Practices-Smarter-Innovative/dp/1119183170• Adam’s twitter thread about burnout: https://twitter.com/akgrenier/status/1285275433282359296•Why Buddhism is True: https://www.amazon.com/Why-Buddhism-True-Philosophy-Enlightenment/dp/1439195455—In this episode, we cover:(00:35) Adam’s background(05:34) How improv can improve creativity and collaboration(13:09) What we’ll cover in this episode(13:52) Determining when an acquisition channel is a good match(25:38) Advice for how long to test a new channel(30:11) Emerging platforms that are worth exploring(36:53) Influencer marketing tools(37:55) When to broaden your audience(41:22) What is a Growth CMO?(49:36) Why marketing leaders should learn product development(51:32) Red flags that your CMO isn’t a good fit(55:33) Dealing with depression and burnout(1:03:00) Tools to help you through difficult times(1:05:20) Signs you’re facing burnout(1:07:15) What’s next for Adam—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquires about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Emily Kramer led and built the marketing teams at Asana, Carta, Ticketfly, and Astro (acquired by Slack). These days, she’s the co-founder of MKT1, where she helps founders and marketers build and scale their marketing functions. Emily is also a well-respected angel investor and writes my favorite marketing newsletter (MKT1). In today’s episode, she shares her insights on when to hire marketers, how to determine which type of marketing hire is best for your team, how to best work with marketing, and what red flags to look for. Emily shares actionable templates and some incredible frameworks that are sure to expand your marketing knowledge.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-build-a-powerful-marketing—Where to find Emily Kramer:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/emilykramer• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/emilykramer/• MKT1 Newsletter: https://mkt1.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Lenny’s Job Board: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny—Referenced:• Building an efficient marketing machine: the fuel & the engine: https://mkt1.substack.com/p/fuel-engine• The GACC Marketing Brief: https://mkt1.substack.com/p/the-gacc-marketing-brief-the-best• The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference: https://www.amazon.com/Tipping-Point-Little-Things-Difference/dp/0316346624• Crossing the Chasm: https://www.amazon.com/Crossing-Chasm-3rd-Disruptive-Mainstream/dp/0062292986/• Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable: https://www.amazon.com/Purple-Cow-Transform-Business-Remarkable/dp/014101640X• All the Light We Cannot See: https://www.amazon.com/All-Light-We-Cannot-See/dp/1501173219/• The Daily podcast: https://www.nytimes.com/column/the-daily• Stream Yellowjackets on Showtime: https://www.sho.com/yellowjackets• CODA on Apple TV+: https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/coda/umc.cmc.3eh9r5iz32ggdm4ccvw5igiir• Ashley Mayer’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashleymayer/• Kevan Lee’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevanlee/—In this episode, we cover:(03:44) Emily’s background(06:08) Hiring a marketing team(11:26) Examples of fuel and engine in marketing(16:00) What is a product marketer?(18:20) Why you should start with a marketing generalist (20:30) The difference between a growth person and a product person (23:57) What to look for in a product marketer(26:58) When to hire a marketing person(30:45) The role of a brand marketer(33:24) Marketing for PLG startups(36:22) What is product-led growth?(39:23) How to get product and marketing to collaborate (43:38) What is the GACC framework?(47:58 ) How to know if your marketing team is effective(54:33) Why founders need angel investors with functional expertise(1:00:23) Lightning round—Production and marketing by https://penname.co/. For inquires about sponsoring the podcast, email podcast@lennyrachitsky.com. Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Ryan J. Salva is the VP of Product at GitHub, where he led the incubation and launch of Copilot. Copilot uses OpenAI’s ML engine to suggest code and entire functions in real time, right from your editor, and is changing the way we build software. Ryan is an experienced developer and product manager, with over a decade of experience working for Microsoft before moving to lead the GitHub product team. In today’s episode, he shares how Copilot got its start, how it moved from prototype to live product, and how he structures R&D teams within larger companies. He also discusses the ethical questions surrounding AI use and how to build a successful product team, and shares the inside story of the development of Copilot.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-role-of-ai-in-new-product-development-ryan-j-salva-vp-of-product-at-github-copilot/#transcript—Where to find Ryan J. Salva:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ryanjsalva• LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanjsalva/• Website: http://www.ryanjsalva.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny• Modern Treasury: https://www.moderntreasury.com/—Referenced:• GitHub Copilot: https://github.com/features/copilot• Make It So: Interaction Design Lessons from Science Fiction: https://www.amazon.com/Make-So-Interaction-Lessons-Science/dp/1933820985• Brief Interviews with Hideous Men: https://www.amazon.com/Brief-Interviews-Hideous-Foster-Wallace/dp/0316925195• The Memory Palace podcast: https://thememorypalace.us/• Arrival: https://www.hulu.com/movie/arrival-6ec67b11-b282-4383-85ac-38c4731b40e4• Oege De Moor’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/oegedemoor/—In this episode, we cover:[04:39] Ryan’s background and how he became involved in development[10:46] What is GitHub Copilot?[14:44] How GitHub Copilot can be utilized for education[17:46] How GitHub incorporated AI models with computer languages[27:24] Project horizons: delegating tasks based on confidence levels[30:39] How to put together a development team for “moonshots”[35:22] When and how to transition your R&D team smoothly[38:28] Dealing with ethical issues surrounding AI[44:40] The future of AI in development[48:48] Challenges with scaling Copilot[54:23] Allocating your energy as products scale[58:17] Lightning round —Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Yuriy Timen was Global Head of Marketing and Growth at Grammarly, and is now a full-time growth advisor, having worked with more than a dozen companies, including Canva, Airtable, Whimsical, Otter.ai, Oyster, Flo Health, and Clay. In today’s episode, Yuriy discusses the ever-changing world of growth, emerging growth tactics, and how to find your growth engine. You’ll learn the most effective strategies for driving user acquisition, how to balance and diversify organic and paid channels, when it’s time to change plans, how to vet new growth channel opportunities, and much more.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/transform-your-subscription-growth—Where to find Yuriy Timen:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuriytimen/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/thetimenator—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Modern Treasury: https://www.moderntreasury.com/• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Referenced:• Casey Winters: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseywinters/• Elena Verna: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elenaverna/• Lyka Pet Food: https://lyka.com.au/• Ethan Smith’s LinkedIn:  https://www.linkedin.com/in/ethanls/• Graphite: https://www.graphitehq.com/• Recast: https://getrecast.com/• Measured: https://www.measured.com/• INCRMNTAL: https://www.incrmntal.com/• Essentialism: The Disciplined Pursuit of Less: https://www.amazon.com/Essentialism-Disciplined-Pursuit-Greg-McKeown/dp/0804137382/• Man’s Search for Meaning: https://www.amazon.com/Mans-Search-Meaning-Viktor-Frankl/dp/0807014273/• The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz: https://www.amazon.com/Splendid-Vile-Churchill-Family-Defiance/dp/0385348711/• The All-In Podcast: https://www.allinpodcast.co/• Hustle: https://www.netflix.com/title/80242342• Mark Fiske at H.I.G.: https://higgrowth.com/team/mark-fiske/—In this episode, we cover:[03:49] Yuriy’s background[09:46] Different paths to growth for subscription-based products[13:21] When to lean into virality[15:39] What are network effects?[16:32] SEO strategy and timeline: how long can it take to see results?[24:22] The shifting landscape of paid media[28:09] The return of media mix modeling[32:01] How can you tell if media spending equates to business results?[33:44] Don’t spread yourself too thin[36:01] How to tell if you’ve taken a strategy far enough[38:02] When to lean into a strategy that’s working vs. when to think about diversification[42:13] Is there a shift from growth to survival?[46:19] Two reasons to do paid media[56:45] Why you shouldn’t dismiss TikTok (and other channels you might be overlooking)[59:36] Lightning round!—Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Wes Kao has worked with Seth Godin (where she co-founded the altMBA and served as executive director), David Perell on his Write of Passage course, Professor Scott Galloway on Section4, and Morning Brew. Currently, she’s the co-founder of Maven, a cohort-based learning platform where I taught my own course. Wes is passionate about telling stories that stay true to the creator’s intentions while keeping your audience listening. In today’s episode, you will learn how to use state changes to keep your audience engaged, how to communicate more clearly by focusing on the how more than the why, how to manage up for success, and how to communicate your priorities to set a boundary.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/persuasive-communication-and-managing-up-wes-kao-maven-seth-godin-section4/#transcription—Where to find Wes Kao:• Website: https://www.weskao.com/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/wes_kao• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/weskao/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Modern Treasury: https://www.moderntreasury.com/• Berbix: https://www.berbix.com/start• Makelog: https://www.makelog.com/lenny—Referenced:• The Super Specific How: How to make your cohort-based course more rigorous: https://www.weskao.com/blog/super-specific-how• It Was the Best of Sentences, It Was the Worst of Sentences: A Writer’s Guide to Crafting Killer Sentences: https://www.amazon.com/Was-Best-Sentences-Worst-Crafting/dp/158008740X• Guide to Better Business Writing (HBR Guide Series): https://www.amazon.com/HBR-Guide-Better-Business-Writing/dp/142218403X• Seth Godin’s blog: https://seths.blog/• The Minto Pyramid Principle: Logic in Writing, Thinking, and Problem Solving: https://www.amazon.com/Minto-Pyramid-Principle-Writing-Thinking/dp/0960191038• Doctor Foster: https://www.amazon.com/Doctor-Foster/dp/B01DT0WQ2C• Suzy Batiz: https://www.suzybatiz.com/• Amanda Natividad’s Marketing 201 course: https://maven.com/amandanat/content-marketing• Dr. Marily Nika’s course:  https://maven.com/marily-nika/technical-product-management—In this episode, we cover:[03:39] Wes’s early career[07:08] How to land a job with Seth Godin[09:56] What makes Seth Godin stand apart[14:50] Wes’s framework for better writing: the super-specific how[18:08] Writing and teaching without the BS[21:45] State changes: how to keep your audience engaged when teaching[25:51] The data of “eyes light up” moments[29:27] What managing up can do for you[32:51] How to manage up effectively[34:17] Lenny’s template for proactive communication[36:19] The skills you need to communicate clearly through writing[43:50] How to protect your bandwidth (without having to say no to your boss)[47:32] How Lenny sets priorities and communicates them[48:24] Lightning round!—Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

What are common diseases of product teams, and how do you avoid them? Why should you focus less on problem discovery and more on solution discovery? How do you maintain your product mojo? After working as a product leader for over 20 years, Marty Cagan started Silicon Valley Product Group to help product teams operate at a higher level. In this conversation, Marty shares what Steve Jobs can teach you about building product, how to structure your teams for innovation, how to improve your product culture, which trends in PM to ignore, and much more. After this, you’ll never think about building teams the same way. Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-nature-of-product-marty-cagan-silicon-valley-product-group/#transcript—Where to find Marty Cagan:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/cagan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cagan/• SVPG: https://www.svpg.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Modern Treasury: https://www.moderntreasury.com/—Referenced:• The Nature of Product: https://www.svpg.com/the-nature-of-product/• Devolving From Good To Bad: https://www.svpg.com/devolving-from-good-to-bad/• Shreyas Doshi: https://twitter.com/shreyas• The Lost Interview: https://www.amazon.com/Steve-Jobs-Lost-Interview/dp/B01IJD1BES• Continuous Discovery Habits: Discover Products that Create Customer Value and Business Value by Theresa Torres: https://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Discovery-Habits-Discover-Products/dp/1736633309• Sprint: How to Solve Big Problems and Test New Ideas in Just Five Days by Jake Knapp: https://www.amazon.com/Sprint-Solve-Problems-Test-Ideas/dp/1442397683• Patrick Collison on User Research: https://twitter.com/patrickc/status/1443215022029619200—In this episode, we cover:[03:46] The biggest misconceptions about what a good product team does and looks like [07:49] The qualities that separate the best product teams[16:20] The downfall of innovation in great product teams[17:43] The gap between the best and the rest[19:23] The pitfalls product teams can fall into[27:46] The role of user research in building a great product[35:26] What individual contributors can do to shift product culture[41:04] How PMs can set themselves up for success when trying to change product culture[44:06] How product management is changing[55:33] The pitfalls Marty warns to watch out for in product management—Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

What makes a great brand? After working at Google and Square, Arielle Jackson has spent the past eight years consulting startups on how to create powerful messaging that works. In this jam-packed episode, she shares how to pick a winning name for your company, create a brand purpose that excites your team and customers, and position your company and its products for success. You don’t want to miss this one!—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-art-of-building-legendary-brands—Where to find Arielle Jackson:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/hiiamarielle• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ariellerjackson/• Course: https://maven.com/arielle/startupbrandstrategy—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Unit: https://unit.co/lenny• Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lenny—Referenced:• Positioning Your Startup Is Vital—Here’s How to Nail It: https://review.firstround.com/Positioning-Your-Startup-is-Vital-Heres-How-to-Do-It-Right• Three Moves Every Startup Founder Must Make to Build a Brand That Matters: https://review.firstround.com/three-moves-every-startup-founder-must-make-to-build-a-brand-that-matters• What I Learned from Developing Branding for Airbnb, Dropbox, and Thumbtack: https://review.firstround.com/what-i-learned-from-developing-branding-for-airbnb-dropbox-and-thumbtack• Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Positioning-Battle-Your-Al-Ries/dp/0071373586• Alchemy: The Dark Art and Curious Science of Creating Magic in Brands, Business, and Life: https://www.amazon.com/Alchemy-Curious-Science-Creating-Business/dp/006238841X• The Vanishing Half: https://britbennett.com/the-vanishing-half• The Mothers: https://britbennett.com/the-mothers• Nik Sharma’s weekly newsletter: https://www.nik.co/subscribe• How I Built This: https://www.npr.org/series/490248027/how-i-built-this• In Depth: https://review.firstround.com/podcast• Unseen Unknown: https://unseen-unknown.simplecast.com/• Luca: https://movies.disney.com/luca• Encanto: https://movies.disney.com/encanto• Old Enough!: https://www.netflix.com/title/81506279• The Sociology of Business with Ana Andjelic: https://andjelicaaa.substack.com• David Ogilvy: https://www.oneclub.org/hall-of-fame/-bio/david-ogilvy• Rory Sutherland: https://twitter.com/rorysutherland• Seth Godin: https://seths.blog/—In this episode, we cover:[04:04] From making jewelry as a side hustle to launching products for Square: Arielle’s background[12:32] What makes a good name for a product or a startup[19:17] How to come up with a great name[24:59] How to run a naming brainstorm for the best results[31:09] Bad names and naming mistakes[34:17] Arielle’s brand development framework and when founders should implement it[36:02] How do you know when brand development is completed?[41:17] How long should branding take?[42:42] How to build a brand purpose that ignites excitement[48:51] Specific tactics for building your brand purpose[51:12] How to master your positioning[55:22] Why it’s important to stay niche when you’re mastering your positioning[59:15] The process of positioning and Arielle’s bar test[1:02:38] How to build a brand personality using the five big brand descriptions[1:07:39] Where to put brand and product positioning documents so they’ll actually get used[1:09:14] How startups can get PR[1:14:49] When should you hire a marketer?—Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Shishir Mehrotra is the co-founder and CEO of Coda, and formerly head of product and engineering at YouTube. In this episode, he shares his insights on growth strategy, how he evaluates talent, a peek at his upcoming book The Rituals of Great Teams, why reference checks are the most important step in the interview process, and so much more. Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/the-rituals-of-great-teams-shishir-mehrotra-coda-youtube-microsoft/#transcript—Where to find Shishir Mehrotra:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/shishirmehrotra• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shishirmehrotra/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/— Referenced:• The Rituals of Great Teams Braintrust: https://coda.io/@shishir/join-the-rituals-of-great-teams-braintrust• Bing Gordon: https://www.kleinerperkins.com/people/bing-gordon/• Switch by Chip Heath and Dan Heath: https://www.amazon.com/Switch-Change-Things-When-Hard/dp/0385528752• PSHE diagram: https://coda.io/@shishir/pshe• Understanding Comics by Scott McCloud: https://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Comics-Invisible-Scott-McCloud/dp/1627652736• Only Murders in the Building: https://www.hulu.com/series/only-murders-in-the-building-ef31c7e1-cd0f-4e07-848d-1cbfedb50ddf• WandaVision: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WandaVision• Fidji Simo: https://twitter.com/fidjissimo• Daniel Ek: https://twitter.com/eldsjal/• Reid Hoffman: https://twitter.com/reidhoffman?• Mamoon Hamid: https://twitter.com/mamoonha• Quentin Clark: https://twitter.com/quentinclark• Sarah Guo: https://twitter.com/saranormous—In this episode, we cover:[4:13] Shishir’s background at Google and current role at Coda[7:53] How Shishir got on the board of Spotify[8:58] Black loops and blue loops and how Coda uses this internal diagram [9:52] The black loop is how a product is naturally shared[12:15] The blue loop is the emotional loop on why products are shared[14:55] Why you should think in loops instead of funnels[18:20] Mining for your business’s loops by looking at what you tell job candidates[24:37] Shishir’s upcoming book The Rituals of Great Teams [26:30] The 3 golden rituals of teams[27:10] Coda’s golden ritual: Dory and Pulse[31:29] Shishir’s most impactful rituals: Arianna Huffington’s reset, Gusto’s incredible hiring call, and Coinbase’s Rapids[40:38] How you find your own team’s rituals[42:50] How to change things when change is hard[45:01] Airbnb’s unique rituals[46:45] A backstory on YouTube, and valuing consistency over comprehensiveness[53:00] Eigenquestions: What they are, how to use them, and examples[59:05] One of Shishir’s favorite retired interview questions [1:03:11] How to evaluate talent, a story about YouTube, and breaking down PSHE[1:15:20] How to approach reference checks and what questions to ask[1:24:33] Favorite books[1:25:50] Favorite TV shows and movies[1:26:50] Favorite interview questions[1:28:44] Who in the industry Shishir respects as a thought leader[1:30:10] His go-to karaoke song[1:30:40] Where you can find Shishir— Production and marketing: https://penname.co/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Thousands of new products launch each year, but very few make it. Ryan Hoover has seen thousands of products launched over the course of his time running Product Hunt, and through his investing, and in this episode you’ll hear what Ryan has learned about launching products, growing products, and raising capital. Plus, we play a made up game called “What would you rather upvote?” Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-launch-and-grow-your-product-ryan-hoover-of-product-hunt-and-weekend-fund/#transcript—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• RevenueCat: https://www.revenuecat.com/• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Lenny’s Giveaway Bonanza: https://lennyspodcast.com/bonanza—Where to find Ryan Hoover:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/rrhoover• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanrhoover/• Website: https://www.ryanhoover.me/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—In this episode, we cover:[03:23] On being a tech celebrity [09:02] Using Twitter DM’s as a content machine[11:15] The questions most founders ask [14:48] When should you start a company?[18:28] Would Ryan raise money for Product Hunt if he could do it again?[21:48] When should companies launch products?[24:52] What makes a launch successful versus not?[26:27] How to get to the top of Product Hunt[30:01] What skill is most helpful for moving into investing and venture capital?[31:39] What Ryan would do differently if he could re-build Product Hunt[38:57] What matters most in life[43:13] Which ideas Ryan would upvote[48:05] What founders of consumer companies do to succeed[55:33] Deciding to serve a niche or broad market[58:03] The surprising parts of angel investing[1:02:12] Advice for folks wanting to get into angel investing Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Do you put as much time into your career planning as you do into your product planning? Deb Liu has had an extraordinary career path, from Ebay and PayPal, to Facebook, and now Ancestry. She’s sat in on, mentored, and managed hundreds of product managers. In this episode, she shares poignant advice on how to intentionally find growth opportunities and drive your career forward. Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.lennyspodcast.com/how-to-own-your-career-growth-and-become-a-powerful-product-leader-deb-liu-ancestry-ex-facebook-paypal/#transcript—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Makelog: https://www.makelog.com/lenny—Where to find Deb Liu:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/debliu_• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/deborahliu/• Substack: https://debliu.substack.com/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Take Back Your Power: 10 New Rules for Women at Work (Deb’s Book): https://www.amazon.com/Take-Back-Your-Power-Rules/dp/031036485X• How To Change Your Life Through Resolutions: https://debliu.substack.com/p/resolve-to-progress—In this episode, we cover:[04:32] What it was like when eBay acquired PayPal[07:31] Quirky culture clashes as the companies merged[09:46] How incentives drive employee behavior[14:43] How Deb took on a product management role at a young age[17:51] PayPal’s hiring strategy for early growth[20:03] How to succeed as an introverted leader[25:29] What sets successful Product Managers apart from one’s who plateau[27:09] Specific tactics for unlocking growth in your Product Management career[32:06] How to find and create mentorship circles[36:30] The most important skill for early Product Managers to focus on[43:58] How to grow your confidence in communication[46:55] Deb’s upcoming book "Take Back Your Power"[50:35] One tactical tip from Deb’s upcoming book on how to improve your Product Management[52:09] How to get involved with Women In Product[57:11] How companies can recruit more diverse Product Managers[1:00:04] How Deb built Facebook marketplace from scratch[1:06:03] The blessing and curse of gaining a lot of users quickly Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

You don’t need lots of employees to achieve impressive growth—but you do need a unique approach to hiring and structuring your team, and accurately measuring your growth efforts. Crystal Widjaja has used scrappy tactics to unlock massive success for Gojek (a wildly successful ride-share app in South East Asia) and is currently the Chief Product Officer at Kumu. In this episode, she shares the exact strategies she’s used as a product leader to hack growth, hire the best, and perfect data collection. Join us.Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Flatfile: https://www.flatfile.com/lenny• Eppo: https://www.geteppo.com/—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-hire-for-measure-and-unlock—Where to find Crystal:• Website: https://www.crissyw.com/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/crystalwidjaja• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/crystalwidjaja/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Generation Girl: https://www.generationgirl.org/• Experiment Design Question Example: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1tSrEGpvg19OMKrRg45HGvsZBGz8BkeVc/edit#gid=1841057518—In this episode, we cover:[00:00] Crystal’s path to product[09:40] How Crystal decided to join a risky startup [11:31] Why haven't super apps emerged in the U.S.? [13:15] What startups in the U.S. can learn from companies in Asia[16:35] How to get intentionally scrappier in your organization[18:28] How to get and utilize scrappy and small data sets [21:26] How to increase retention[22:28] What does and doesn't work in growth?[25:01] The conversion rates Crytsal looks for to determine viability and success[28:03] How founders should think about approaching growth[32:44] Figuring out how to grow and the resources you have at your disposal[34:53] Optimizing the funnel to make growth happen faster[37:40] Crystal's biggest lessons on unlocking growth[40:07] Why most analytics efforts fail and how to avoid failure[44:24] Signs your organization is getting analytics wrong[46:17] The best resources for figuring out how to do analytics right[47:05] Crystal's recommendations for metric tracking stacks.[48:37] How you should set up your growth team originally[51:38] Integrating growth teams or separating them?[52:43] Who should be the first growth hire?[53:55] How to hire a great growth person for your organization[56:55] How to help women and young girls get into STEM (a non-profit that you started)[1:02:07] Where to reach Crystal  Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Every company wants to develop a winning strategy—but what are signs your strategy isn’t working, and how do you change course? Melissa Perri has worked trained PMs and product leaders at nearly all the Fortune 100 companies, and in this conversation shares how to reset a struggling strategy, align your team, and build winning strategy. Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.podpage.com/lennys-podcast/how-to-create-a-winning-product-strategy-melissa-perri/#transcript—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• RevenueCat: https://www.revenuecat.com/• Makelog: https://www.makelog.com/lenny—Where to find Melissa:• Website: https://melissaperri.com/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lissijean• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/melissajeanperri/—Where to find Lenny:• Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Referenced:• Melissa’s Book: https://melissaperri.com/book—In this episode, we cover:[00:00] What to expect with guest Melissa Perri[02:57] Melissa’s incredibly vast experience working with product manager’s [04:20] Melissa’s current focus: training and education of PM’s[05:59] The most common problems that product teams face[09:48] When to hire your first CPO[14:27] What to do before hiring a CPO[16:16] When to bring an interim CPO consultant like Melissa[21:26] Signs your team doesn’t have a strategy[22:59] Identifying your vision, strategy and intentions as a company[27:48] Signs you’re doing a bad job as a PM[30:30] The process of defining strategic visions[33:28] How to hone your craft as a PM[43:55] Melissa’s Book — Escaping the Build Trap: How Effective Product Management Creates Real Value [48:43] How to avoid burnout [52:19] Where to find Melissa Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Advancing as a product leader requires new skills and a new mindset. Ken Norton is an executive coach who works with some of the top people in product to help them get unstuck and find creativity again in their approach to problems and their careers. After 14 years as a Product Manager at Google, Ken brings deep experience in leadership and shares with us the lessons he most often offers his clients to unlock growth. Join us.Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Amplitude: https://amplitude.com/• Lenny’s Job Board: https://www.lennysjobs.com/talent• Unit: https://unit.co/lenny—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/how-to-unlock-your-product-leadership—Where to find Ken Norton:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/kennethn• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kennethnorton/• Product Leadership Coaching: https://www.bringthedonuts.com/coaching/—Where to find Lenny:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/—Books and Resources Recommended By Ken:• Dare To Lead by Brene Brown  • 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership • Mastering Leadership by Bob Anderson • Immunity to Change by Robert Kegan • Stop Telling Women They Have Imposter Syndrome • Innovator’s Dilemma by Clayton Christensen —In this episode, learn:[00:00] What to expect in this episode with Ken Norton[03:10] Why Ken will never get tired of donuts[05:05] Ken’s career path and what he does with executive coaching now[08:00] What Ken learned from his own executive coach[12:02] Driving a car and the metaphor of learning a new skill[16:20] How Ken’s helping leaders shift their mindset[19:41] Creative vs reactive leadership mindset[22:15] How your underlying beliefs impact your leadership style[33:50] Mindset and authenticity and their role within leadership[39:00] What you can do if you can’t spend a lot on coaching[42:05] Resources Ken recommends (linked in notes)[44:22] Biggest blindspots people have[48:10] Why doing the hard thing, may be the best thing[49:20] What to do with imposter syndrome[58:40] Ways to find a coach[1:01:03] 10x vs 10%[1:05:35] Ken’s one piece of advice for hiring a product manager[1:13:00] How to find Ken Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

The people who rise fastest in product know how to sell their ideas to customers, and also to their coworkers. Casey Winters, the Chief Product Officer at Eventbrite (previously at Grubhub, Pinterest, and advisor to dozens of companies) shares what it takes to be successful as you rise in the ranks within product. In this episode we’ll talk about how to land presentations, how to win over executives with strategic communication, the skill sets that are most in demand in product, and new growth trends. Join us.—Find the full transcript here: https://www.podpage.com/lennys-podcast/how-to-sell-your-ideas-and-rise-within-your-company-casey-winters-eventbrite/#transcript— Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible: • Coda: http://coda.io/lenny • Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny — Where to find Casey Winters: • Twitter: https://twitter.com/onecaseman• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/caseywinters/— Where to find Lenny: • Newsletter: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com• Twitter: https://twitter.com/lennysan • LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lennyrachitsky/ — In this episode, learn:[00:00] What to expect in this episode with Casey Winters [03:23] An overview of Casey’s career  [06:18] A look into the most-fulfilling and challenging roles Casey has energized [06:50] Communicating upward[11:18] How to derisk meetings[13:53] Are you properly preparing for your meetings?[19:09] Striving for perceived simplicity [24:22] Justifying non-sexy product improvements [27:47] Protecting what you’ve built vs continuously scaling [31:03] The downfall of functional ops roles[35:21] The CPO role: what it is and how to get there[40:44] The spectrum of product people[45:11] How to level up your skills[47:01] New growth trends, tactics, and strategies [50:32] Casey’s two stages of growth: kindle strategies and fire strategies[51:51] Under appreciated growth strategies [54:02] Where to find Casey   Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Nickey Skarstad is a Director of Product Management at Duolingo, where she is leading a stealth 0 → 1 product. Prior to Duolingo, she was VP of Product at The Wing, Product Lead at Airbnb, where she led much of the Experiences product team, Product Lead at Shopify, and Director of Product Management at Etsy.—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Dovetail: https://dovetailapp.com/lenny• Unit: https://unit.co/lenny—In this episode:[3:32] An overview of Nickey’s career[7:39] What she learned from building product at Airbnb[8:42] How to maintain and operationalize product quality[9:44] Metrics that help you maintain quality[20:08] Which company has most informed her product development approach[21:57] How to structure your product org[24:47] Should you go GM vs. functional[27:18] How you set vision, translate that into goals, and then execute on it[32:30] Brainstorming advice[35:04] How to use OKRs effectively[37:57] How to get better at influence as a PM[41:23] How to know if a decision is a one-way or two-way door[42:29] Second-order decisions, and second-order thinking[46:35] Operationalizing principles[47:17] Getting your team on board with your strategy[49:39] Designing a product review meeting[54:08] Tips for working remotely as a PM[56:44] Lightning round—Find the full transcript at: https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/nickey-skarstad-airbnb-etsy-shopify—Where to find Nickey:• Newsletter: https://nickey.substack.com/• TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@nickeyskarstad• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nickeyskarstad/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/NickeySkarstad—Referenced:• Thinking in Systems by Donella H. Meadows• Anne Helen Petersen• Superhuman• Loom Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Manik Gupta has led two of the most successful consumer products in history—Google Maps, where he was Director of product for the Maps team, and Uber, where he was CPO. After leaving Uber, he spent some time working on a product to help people avoid getting COVID called CVKey, and most recently he took on a role at Microsoft as Corporate Vice President leading many of their consumer efforts.—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Coda: http://coda.io/lenny• Unit: https://unit.co/lenny—In this episode, we cover:[3:55] Patterns for career success[7:19] Why it’s valuable to be optimistic about technology[13:54] Challenges and mistakes through Manik’s career[17:28] How you learn the most about yourself through challenges[20:25] What Manik’s learned about building successful consumer apps[26:18] The importance of company-product fit[30:02] “The consumer stack”—what your company needs to have in place to build a successful consumer product[36:22] The path from PM to CPO[39:19] Evolution of CPO role[44:40] What leads to promotions in a PM career[47:58] What creates inflections in one’s PM career [52:05] How PMs shoot themselves in the foot[55:05] What it’s like to work at Google vs. Uber vs. Microsoft[1:01:35] What he wished he built into Google Maps—Where to find Manik:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/manikg/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/manikgupta Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Merci Grace has been a founder, an investor (at Lightspeed Ventures), head of product and growth (at Slack), and is now a founder again (Panobi). She’s also one of the co-founders of Women in Product, and Fast Company named her one of the Most Creative People in 2017.—Thank you to our wonderful sponsors for making this episode possible:• Dovetail: https://dovetailapp.com/lenny• Mixpanel: https://mixpanel.com/startups• Whimsical: https://whimsical.com/lenny—In this episode, we cover:[3:41] Merci’s path to Head of Product and Growth at Slack[4:42] What Merci learned from being a VC that helps her be a better founder[6:50] How to tell a compelling story[9:43] What most people don’t know about Slack[10:27] Why Slack hasn’t created a consumer/social product[15:14] How Slack innovated the PLG motion[17:14] Slack’s early growth strategy[19:57] Slack’s activation point[22:10] Why it’s important to find connectors within a company[26:40] Lessons from optimizing Slack’s onboarding flow[32:12] Most common mistakes in going PLG[35:56] Signs you can go PLG[38:10] PLG vs. bottom-up[40:23] Importance of day-zero value in your tool[42:17] When to bring in your first salesperson[44:47] How to hire amazing people [50:21] Storytelling and Slack’s culture[51:04] How and when to build a growth team[52:08] How to build a more diverse team—Where to find Merci:• Panobi: https://panobi.com/• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/merci/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/merci• Website: https://mercigrace.co/• Women in Product: https://www.womenpm.org/ Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Sanchan Saxena is VP of Product at Coinbase. Before Coinbase, Sanchan was Head of Product and GM at Airbnb, founder and Head of Product of Instagram Shopping, Director of Product Management at Yahoo, and Lead PM at Microsoft.—Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible:• Dovetail: https://dovetailapp.com/lenny• Persona: https://withpersona.com/lenny• Productboard: https://www.productboard.com/—In this episode, you’ll learn:[3:50] How Sanchan worked his way up to VP of Product at Coinbase[6:15] Sanchan’s best advice to early-stage PMs[9:41] What to look for in a company to join[12:09] What Sanchan learned from Airbnb[16:40] Behind the scenes of how Airbnb survived the Covid downturn when travel completely stopped[21:49] How Airbnb tactically planned in two-week cycles[25:00] How to keep morale up during a disaster[29:00] What Sanchan learned from Brian Chesky, Brian Armstrong, and Kevin Systrom[36:08] How to know when to trust your gut vs. A/B testing[41:57] How Coinbase makes decisions[46:30] How teams use the RAPID decision-making process[47:00] How to operate in an ambiguous industry like web3[49:00] How to know if you should get into web3[51:46] How to hire and close amazing candidates[54:40] What to look for in product leaders[57:13] Lightning round—Where to find Sanchan:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanchans/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/sanchans Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Teresa Torres is an internationally acclaimed author, speaker, and coach. She teaches a structured and sustainable system for continuous discovery that helps product teams infuse their daily product decisions with customer input. She’s coached hundreds of teams at companies of all sizes, from early-stage startups to global enterprises, in a variety of industries. She has taught over 11,000 product people discovery skills through the Product Talk Academy and hundreds through her coaching practice, and is the author of Continuous Discovery Habits.—Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible:• Persona: https://withpersona.com/lenny• Dovetail: https://dovetailapp.com/lenny• Stytch: https://stytch.com/—In this episode, we cover:[3:37] How Teresa is in the top 5 people in the world who’s helped the most PMs.[5:25] What is the “opportunity solution tree framework”?[8:19] What’s an example of an opportunity solution tree, for Netflix?[14:17] Why do we usually approach opportunity finding wrong?[18:10] What should you do if your company is a feature factory?[21:00] What is continuous discovery, and why is it so important?[23:13] What do you do if your leaders tell you there’s no time for user research?[25:55] How can you automate weekly conversations with customers?[29:04] How do you stay unbiased as a PM about a potential solution?[31:23] Should a PM have more say over other functions?[35:33] What are Teresa’s best tips for how to interview customers?[39:57] What’s the most common mistake people make while interviewing customers?[40:25] How does discovery change as your company grows?[43:27] When should you do user research and when should you run an experiment?—Where to find Teresa:• Product Talk: https://www.producttalk.org/• Opportunity solution tree: https://www.producttalk.org/opportunity-solution-tree/• Continuous Discovery Habits: https://www.amazon.com/Continuous-Discovery-Habits-Discover-Products/dp/1736633309• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/teresatorres/• Twitter: https://twitter.com/ttorres Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Brandon Chu is VP of Product at Shopify, where he leads the app platform ecosystem, new initiatives group, and M&A investments. Brandon helped scale Shopify’s PM team from five to hundreds, and worked his way up from an IC Senior PM. Prior to Shopify, he was a Director of PM at FreshBooks and, before that, a founder. Brandon might be best known for his writing on the art and science of product management as part of a collection on Medium he calls “The Black Box of Product Management.”—Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible:• Stytch: https://stytch.com/• Persona: https://withpersona.com/lenny• PostHog: https://posthog.com/lenny—In this episode, we cover:1) Brandon’s path to VP of Product at Shopify.2) What has Brandon found to be the most important skill set for super-successful PMs?3) What is it like to build product at Shopify?4) How did Shopify adjust after the shock to e-commerce during Covid?5) How did Shopify build a one-click team offsite flight/hotel/activity booking platform?6) How did Brandon motivate himself to start, and keep, writing?7) As a PM, why is writing one of the highest-ROI uses of your time?8) What’s Brandon’s favorite piece of writing?9) What are the biggest surprises, pros, and cons about being a platform PM?—Where to find Brandon:• Twitter: https://twitter.com/brandonmchu• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandonmchu/• Brandon’s writing: https://blackboxofpm.com/• Making Good Decisions as a Product Manager: https://blackboxofpm.com/making-good-decisions-as-a-product-manager-c66ddacc9e2b Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Elena Verna has led growth at some of today’s most successful B2B businesses, including Miro as CMO, Surveymonkey as SVP of Growth, and now at Amplitude as interim Head of Growth. She’s also worked closely with over a dozen companies on growth and product strategy, including companies like MongoDB, Clockwise, and Netlify (where she sits on the board of directors). Elena is undoubtedly one of the smartest people on growth strategy in the world.—Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible:• Persona: https://withpersona.com/lenny• Stytch: https://stytch.com/• PostHog: https://posthog.com/lenny—In this episode, we cover:1) How did Elena go from an analyst at Safeway to Head of Product at Amplitude?2) What’s changing in B2B growth?3) What exactly is “product-led growth,” and how can you apply it at every stage of growth?4) How is PLG already transforming itself?5) Why do you need to be both product-led and sales-led?6) Why does PLG often get crushed when you move upmarket, and how do you avoid this?7) What it looks like when your PLG motion is dying.8) Why product-led is the future of sales.9) Why is freemium the way to go, over trial?10) Why should you hire internally for your first growth hire?—Where to find Elena:• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elenaverna• Twitter: https://twitter.com/elenaverna Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Before getting into teaching full-time, Gibson Biddle was VP of Product at Netflix and CPO at Chegg (a textbook rental and homework help company). He now spends his days speaking, writing, and hosting workshops on product leadership, strategy, and culture. There are very few people in the world who’ve worked with, and had an impact on, more product managers.—Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible:• Flatfile: flatfile.com/lenny• Coda: coda.io/lenny• PostHog: posthog.com/lenny—In this episode, we cover:1) Gibson’s career path to VP of Product at Netflix, CPO at Chegg, and eventually teaching full-time.2) The DHM model: The 3 factors of a product strategy for consumer companies, how you can apply it to your product strategy, and how Gibson used this model for decisions made at Netflix.3) Five mini case studies of the DHM model that could be applied to Netflix’s strategy.4) The GEM prioritization model: What are the 3 areas a company can optimize on? What is the fundamental misalignment that destroys startups? 5) How could you start building your product strategy muscle, even when you’re only two weeks into your new role?6) Building your personal board of directors.7) What does it take to become a CPO someday?8) What specifics in a daily routine separate a good product manager from a great product manager?9) What’s the one piece of advice Gibson has for product managers in their early career?—Where to find Gibson:• Ask Gib Product Newsletter: https://askgib.substack.com/• Gibson’s baby website: www.gibsonbiddle.com• Intro to product strategy: https://gibsonbiddle.medium.com/intro-to-product-strategy-60bdf72b17e3 Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe

Jackie Bavaro is the author of the best-selling books Cracking the PM Interview and Cracking the PM Career. She was most recently at Asana, where she joined as its first product manager and later became the head of product. Earlier in her career, Jackie was a PM at Google and Microsoft, where she worked on high-impact products such as Google Search and Microsoft SharePoint.In this episode, we cover:1. How did Jackie become head of product at Asana? Start writing the best-selling PM books on interviews and the career ladder?2. How and why to find a product coach.3. What are the downsides of being a manager? How do you know if you want to go into management?4. Can you stay an IC vs. becoming a manager?5. What is “strategy”? What are the 3 components of a strategy?6. What makes a good/bad strategy?7. What are some ways to get better at strategy?8. When should you start to invest in building your strategy muscle?9. What are signs that your strategy is off?10. What’s Jackie’s best piece of career advice?11. Why is it smart to join a big company?12. What are some of the most common mistakes PMs make early in their career?13. What is the one thing Jackie thinks every PM should do regardless of their level?Where to find Jackie:- Twitter: https://twitter.com/jackiebo - Books: Cracking the PM Interview and Cracking the PM Career: https://amzn.to/3If6X9U- Medium: ​​https://jackiebo.medium.comReferences:- Jackie’s book rec: Getting Things Done, by David Allen- Current favorite app, Paprika: https://www.paprikaapp.com- Favorite Twitter: https://twitter.com/hels - PEARL framework: https://jackiebo.medium.com/interview-tips-for-senior-pms-2424f7b7c967- Eigenquestions: https://coda.io/@shishir/eigenquestions-the-art-of-framing-problemsThank you to our amazing sponsors:* Flatfile: www.flatfile.com/lenny* Amplitude: www.amplitude.com* PostHog: www.posthog.com/lenny Get full access to Lenny's Newsletter at www.lennysnewsletter.com/subscribe